scholarly journals Factions of Chinese Elite Politics in the Deng Xiaoping Era

중소연구 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-44
Author(s):  
Young Nam Cho
Keyword(s):  
2010 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 708-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred L. Chan

Heir apparent to Deng Xiaoping but illegally deposed as general secretary, Zhao Ziyang was held under house arrest after the Tiananmen events of 1989 until his death at 85 in 2005. A three-year special investigation to prove that Zhao “supported turmoil and split the party” simply fizzled out. In 2000, after many failed attempts to regain his freedom and to reverse the verdicts against the students and himself, he secretly recorded his memoirs for posterity. Gaige licheng, a transcript of about 30 cassette-tapes, was smuggled out of China and, together with an English translation entitled Prisoner of the State: The Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang, published on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown in June 2009.


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Jiangnan Zhu ◽  
Nikolai Mukhin

Extant literature has shown the importance of routinized leadership succession for authoritarian resilience. However, the factors leading to orderly power transitions in autocracies are unclear. This article argues that an orderly succession requires relatively peaceful exit of the incumbent. Through a comparison of the power transition trajectories of the post-Stalin USSR and China in the Age of Deng Xiaoping, this article proposes three conditions that facilitate the voluntary retirement of dictators, including their strong political will to institutionalize successions, adequate capacity to initiate the plan, and reliable retirement packages. Meeting all three conditions, leadership succession in China has resulted in the emergence of the “modern regency” in which the elder leaders can retire relatively voluntarily and continuously influence the politics of a regime after their retirement, especially by proactively supervising future leadership successions. In contrast, without meeting the initial requirements for a dictator’s exit, the case of leadership succession in the USSR is characterized as parallel succession, which includes neither a credible plan on routinization of elite politics nor simultaneous coexistence of the elder leaders and the younger cohort as in the case of China. Moreover, during similar regime crises in the late 1980s, the arrangement of the modern regency helped prolong the authoritarian regime in China, while the USSR collapsed without this safeguard.


2017 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
A. Yakovlev

The paper analyzes confrontation concerning continuation of market reforms between main groups in Chinese elite after Tiananmen in 1989 and collapse of USSR in 1991. It considers in details the ‘southern tour’ of Deng Xiaoping in early 1992 and its impact on the balance of interests in Chinese elites before the 14th party congress. The paper shows also the specifics of Chinese reforms which combine market development with creation of rents for main elite groups.


Author(s):  
Cheng Chen

The studies of post-communist Russia and China have traditionally been dominated by single-case studies and within-region comparisons. This chapter explores why the CAS of post-communist Russia and China is difficult, why it is rare, and how it could yield significant and unique intellectual payoffs. The cross-regional comparative study of anti-corruption campaigns in contemporary Russia and China is used as an example in this chapter to argue that a well-matched and context-sensitive comparison could reveal significant divergence in the elite politics and institutional capacities of these regimes that would otherwise likely be obscured by single-case studies or studies restricted to one single geographical area such as “Eastern Europe” or “East Asia.” By breaking Russia and China out of their respective “regions,” the CAS perspective thus enables us to better capture the full range of existing diversity of post-communist authoritarianism.


Author(s):  
E. Elena Songster

The year 1976 was monumental for China with the loss of important state leaders, and a tragic earthquake. Amidst all of the government’s active response to a panda starvation scare demonstrates the importance of this animal to China. A repeat starvation scare in the mid-1980s creates an opportunity to trace the transformation of China from Mao Zedong era to the Deng Xiaoping era by juxtaposing the two panda-starvation scares. The responses to these two scares demonstrate a shift in the perception of nature from one of state ownership to one of popular ownership and illustrate the dramatic increase in international participation in the study of the panda and the efforts to preserve this national treasure.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Kristina Spohr
Keyword(s):  

ZusammenfassungDie Welt veränderte sich dramatisch, als die Berliner Mauer fiel und Proteste zum Massaker auf dem Platz des Himmlischen Friedens führten. Basierend auf umfangreichen Archivrecherchen zeigt der Aufsatz, wie sich der revolutionäre Umbruch von 1989 in Europa und Asien abspielte und wie in der Folge eine neue internationale Ordnung geschaffen wurde – ohne größere Konflikte. Die Welt nach dem Mauerfall wurde in erheblichem Maße durch die entschlossene Diplomatie einer kleinen Kohorte internationaler Staatslenker geschaffen, die harte, aber kooperative Verhandlungen führten, um die Institutionen des Kalten Krieges neu zu erfinden. Nicht alle Beziehungen waren einfach, wobei eine tiefgreifende historische Skepsis vor allem Deutschland gegenüber bestand. Dennoch, in Partnerschaft und durch ihre Bündnisse, wollten sie alle eine bessere Welt aufbauen – eine auf gemeinsamen Prinzipien basierende internationale Ordnung. Um der Berechenbarkeit, der Stabilität und des Friedens willen beschlossen sie, die alten westlichen Institutionen, insbesondere die EG/EU und die NATO, die den Osten integrieren würden, zu bewahren, zu modifizieren und neu zu erfinden. Die Transformation Europas muss jedoch im globalen Kontext verstanden werden. Wenn man diesen Weg der Geschichte dem in Peking gegenüberstellt, wo Deng Xiaoping die Demokratiebewegung brutal unterdrückte, lässt sich zeigen, wie Deng China nach dem Tiananmen auf eine ganz andere Bahn brachte; eine, die das Reich der Mitte durch kommunistische Neuerfindung vom insularen maoistischen Entwicklungsstaat zur autoritativ-kapitalistischen Weltmacht geführt hat. Auf diese Weise erwiesen sich die Scharnierjahre 1989–1992 nicht als das Ende der Geschichte, sondern hatten klare Auswirkungen auf unsere Zeit: die Welt von Putin, Trump und Xi.


Soundings ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (46) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
John Ross

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Duckett

AbstractOver the last two decades an economic reform paradigm has dominated social security and health research: economic reform policies have defined its parameters, established its premises, generated its questions and even furnished its answers. This paradigm has been particularly influential in accounts of the early 1980s' collapse of China's rural co-operative medical system (CMS), which is depicted almost exclusively as the outcome of the post-Mao economic policies that decollectivized agriculture. This article draws primarily on government documents and newspaper reports from the late 1970s and early 1980s to argue that CMS collapse is better explained by a change in health policy. It shows that this policy change was in turn shaped both by post-Mao elite politics and by CMS institutions dating back to the late 1960s. The article concludes by discussing how an explanation of CMS collapse that is centred on health policy and politics reveals the limitations of the economic reform paradigm and contributes to a fuller understanding of the post-Mao period.


1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Khalid Bin Sayeed ◽  
Asaf Hussain
Keyword(s):  

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