Intestinal schistosomiasis of Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors

Abstract Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Tanzania and mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel is the mainstay of the control program. However, the MDA program covers only school aged children and does not include neither adult individuals nor other public health measures. The Ijinga schistosomiasis project aims to introduce an intensified treatment protocol using a MDA approach combined with other public health interventions to demonstrate the feasibility of eliminating intestinal schistosomiasis in a highly endemic African setting. In preparation of this project, we report about baseline data on S.mansoni prevalence, intensity of infection, related hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 930 individuals aged 3-95 years living at Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania. Single stool and urine samples were collected from each study participant and processed using Kato Katz (KK) technique and point-of-care Circulating Cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen test for detection of S.mansoni eggs and antigen. Ultrasonographical examination for S.mansoni hepatosplenic morbidities was done to all participants. Results: Overall based on KK technique and POC-CCA test, 68.9% (95%CI: 65.8-71.8) and 94.5% (95%CI: 92.8-95.8) were infected with S.mansoni. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram (GMepg) of faeces was 85.7epg (95%CI: 77.5-94.8). A total of 27.1%, 31.2% and 51.9% of the study participants had periportal fibrosis (PPF-grade C-F), splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Risk factors for PPF were being male (aRR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.02-1.16, P<0.01), belong to the age group 16-25 years (aRR=1.23, 95%CI: 105-1.44, P<0.01), 26-35 years (aRR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.21-1.67, P<0.001), 36-45 years (aRR=1.56, 95%CI:1.31-1.84, P<0.001) and ≥ 46 years (aRR=1.64, 95%CI:1.41-1.92, P<0.001). The length of the left liver lobe was associated with being female (P<0.03), belong to the age group 1-5 years (P<0.013), 6-15 years (P<0.04) and S.mansoni intensity of infection (P<0.034). Similarly, being male (aRR=1.15, 95%CI:1.06-1.24, P<0.001), belonging to the age group 16-25 years (aRR=1.27, 95%CI:1.05-1.54, P<0.02), 26-35 years (aRR=1.32, 95%CI:108-1.61, P<0.01) were associated with splenomegaly. Conclusion: Schistosoma mansoni infection and its related morbidities are common in the study area. The prevalence of S.mansoni was above 50% in each age group and based on the observed prevalence, we recommend MDA to the entire community.

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Intestinal schistosomiasis of Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania: prevalence, intensity of infection, hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4451-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas Mueller ◽

Antje Fuss ◽

Uwe Ziegler ◽

Godfrey M. Kaatano ◽

Humphrey D. Mazigo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Age Group ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Left Liver Lobe ◽

Periportal Fibrosis ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

The Impact ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

Abstract Background Intestinal schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Tanzania and mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel is the mainstay of the control program. However, the MDA program covers only school aged children and does not include neither adult individuals nor other public health measures. The Ijinga schistosomiasis project examines the impact of an intensified treatment protocol with praziquantel MDA in combination with additional public health interventions. It aims to investigate the feasibility of eliminating intestinal schistosomiasis in a highly endemic African setting using an integrated community-based approach. In preparation of this project, we report about baseline data on S.mansoni prevalence, intensity of infection, related hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 930 individuals aged 1–95 years living at Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania in September 2016. Single stool and urine samples were collected from each study participant and processed using Kato Katz (KK) technique and point-of-care Circulating Cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen test for detection of S.mansoni eggs and antigen respectively. Ultrasonographical examination for S.mansoni hepatosplenic morbidities was done to all participants. For statistical analyses Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, student-t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were used where applicable. Results Overall based on KK technique and POC-CCA test, 68.9% (95%CI: 65.8–71.8) and 94.5% (95%CI: 92.8–95.8) were infected with S.mansoni. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram (GMepg) of faeces was 85.7epg (95%CI: 77.5–94.8). A total of 27.1, 31.2 and 51.9% of the study participants had periportal fibrosis (PPF-grade C-F), splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Risk factors for PPF were being male (aRR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02–1.16, P < 0.01), belong to the age group 16–25 years (aRR = 1.23, 95%CI: 105–1.44, P < 0.01), 26–35 years (aRR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.21–1.67, P < 0.001), 36–45 years (aRR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.31–1.84, P < 0.001) and ≥ 46 years (aRR = 1.64, 95%CI:1.41–1.92, P < 0.001). The length of the left liver lobe was associated with being female (P < 0.03), belong to the age group 1–5 years (P < 0.013), 6–15 years (P < 0.04) and S.mansoni intensity of infection (P < 0.034). Male sex (aRR = 1.15, 95%CI:1.06–1.24, P < 0.001) and belonging to the age groups 16–25 years (aRR = 1.27, 95%CI:1.05–1.54, P < 0.02) or 26–35 years (aRR = 1.32, 95%CI:108–1.61, P < 0.01) were associated with splenomegaly. Conclusion Schistosoma mansoni infection and its related morbidities (hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, periportal fibrosis) are common in the study area. Age, sex and intensity of infection were associated with periportal fibrosis. The prevalence of S.mansoni was above 50% in each age group and based on the observed prevalence, we recommend MDA to the entire community.

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Intestinal schistosomiasis of Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors

10.21203/rs.2.10130/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Mueller ◽

Antje Fuss ◽

Uwe Ziegler ◽

Godfrey M. Kaatano ◽

Humphrey D. Mazigo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Age Group ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Left Liver Lobe ◽

Periportal Fibrosis ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

The Impact ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

Abstract Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Tanzania and mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel is the mainstay of control. MDA covers only school aged children and does not include other public health measures. The Ijinga schistosomiasis project examines the impact of an intensified MDA protocol combined with additional public health interventions. It aims to investigate the feasibility of eliminating intestinal schistosomiasis in a highly endemic African setting using an integrated community-based approach. We report baseline data on S.mansoni prevalence, intensity of infection, related hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 930 individuals aged 1-95 years on Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania in September 2016. Single stool and urine samples were collected and processed using Kato Katz (KK) technique and point-of-care Circulating Cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen test for detection of S.mansoni eggs and antigen respectively. All participants received ultrasonography for S.mansoni hepatosplenic morbidities. For statistical analyses Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, student-t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were used where applicable. Results: Based on KK technique and POC-CCA test, 68.9% and 94.5% respectively were infected with S.mansoni . The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram (GMepg) of faeces was 85.7epg. A total of 27.1%, 31.2% and 51.9% of the participants had periportal fibrosis (PPF-grade C-F), splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Risk factors for PPF were being male (aRR=1.08, P <0.01), belong to the age group 16-25 years (aRR=1.23, P <0.01), 26-35 years (aRR=1.42, P <0.001), 36-45 years (aRR=1.56, P <0.001) and ≥ 46 years (aRR=1.64, P <0.001). The length of the left liver lobe was associated with being female ( P <0.03), the age group 1-5 years ( P <0.013), 6-15 years ( P <0.04) and S.mansoni intensity of infection ( P <0.034). Male sex (aRR=1.15, P <0.001) and the age groups 16-25 years (aRR=1.27, P <0.02) or 26-35 years (aRR=1.32, P <0.01) were associated with splenomegaly. Conclusion : Schistosoma mansoni infection and related morbidities are common in the study area. Age, sex and intensity of infection were associated with periportal fibrosis. With a prevalence of >50% in each age group we recommend MDA to the entire community.

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Intestinal schistosomiasis of Ijinga Island, north-western Tanzania: Prevalence, intensity of infection, hepatosplenic morbidities and their associated factors

10.21203/rs.2.10130/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Mueller ◽

Antje Fuss ◽

Uwe Ziegler ◽

Godfrey M. Kaatano ◽

Humphrey D. Mazigo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Age Group ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Left Liver Lobe ◽

Periportal Fibrosis ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

The Impact ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

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Intestinal schistosomiasis and geohelminths of Ukara Island, North-Western Tanzania: prevalence, intensity of infection and associated risk factors among school children

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-014-0612-5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Moshi Mugono ◽

Evelyne Konje ◽

Susan Kuhn ◽

Filbert J Mpogoro ◽

Domenica Morona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

School Children ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

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Prevalence and correlates of intestinal schistosomiasis infection among school-aged children in North-Western Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0228770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. e0228770

Author(s):

Rajabu Hussein Mnkugwe ◽

Omary S. Minzi ◽

Safari M. Kinung'hi ◽

Appolinary A. Kamuhabwa ◽

Eleni Aklillu

Keyword(s):

School Aged Children ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

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Knowledge, attitude, and practices on intestinal schistosomiasis among primary schoolchildren in the Lake Victoria basin, Rorya District, north-western Tanzania

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-017-4767-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Z. Munisi ◽

Joram Buza ◽

Emmanuel A. Mpolya ◽

Teckla Angelo ◽

Safari M. Kinung’hi

Keyword(s):

Lake Victoria ◽

Lake Victoria Basin ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

Primary Schoolchildren ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

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MEDICAL AUXILIARIES AND THE NEGOTIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN COLONIAL NORTH-WESTERN TANZANIA

The Journal of African History ◽

10.1017/s0021853713000716 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 393-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Mari Webel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Colonial Power ◽

Public Health Interventions ◽

New Public Health ◽

New Public ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

AbstractThis article investigates the development and employment of African medical auxiliaries during the German campaign against sleeping sickness in colonial north-western Tanzania. A case study from the kingdom of Kiziba demonstrates how widespread illness and colonial public health interventions intersected with broader political and social change in the early twentieth century. Ziba auxiliaries known as gland-feelers operated within overlapping social and occupational contexts as colonial intermediaries, royal emissaries, and familiar local men. The changing fortunes of the campaign and its auxiliaries illustrate how new public health interventions became a means for the kingdom's population to engage with or avoid both royal and colonial power.

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Malacological survey to identify transmission sites for intestinal schistosomiasis on Ijinga Island, Mwanza, north-western Tanzania

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 203 ◽

pp. 105289 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antje Fuss ◽

Humphrey Deogratias Mazigo ◽

Andreas Mueller

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

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Adherence to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Kasulu Communities in North-Western Tanzania

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/3127245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Winfrida B. Lyoba ◽

Joyce D. Mwakatoga ◽

Charles Festo ◽

Jackline Mrema ◽

Ester Elisaria

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Acid Supplementation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Iron Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Iron Folic Acid ◽

North Western ◽

Western Tanzania

Introduction. Pregnant women are at a high risk of anaemia, with iron-folate deficiency being the most common cause of anaemia among pregnant women. Despite the well-known importance of iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) during pregnancy, adherence to these supplements is relatively low and associated factors were not well identified in the study area. This study is aimed at investigating adherence to IFAS and associated factors among pregnant women in Kasulu district, north-western Tanzania. Methods. A health facility cross-sectional survey with a mixed-method approach was conducted in Kasulu district from March to April 2019. A structured questionnaire was given to 320 women with children aged 0-6 months to assess factors associated with adherence to IFAS among pregnant women. Data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was further employed to determine the factors associated with adherence to IFAS. Focus group discussions were done with 19 pregnant women and 15 mothers of children aged 0-6 months to obtain more clarifications on the factors associated with adherence to IFAS. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were done with six health care providers to explore their perceptions of IFAS. Results. Out of the 320 respondents of the survey, 20.3% (n=65) adhered to IFAS. Factors associated with adherence to IFAS among pregnant women included time to start ANC (AOR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.42, 9.79), knowledge of anaemia (AOR=3.84, 95% CI: 1.335, 10.66), counseling on the importance of the iron-folic acid (AOR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.42, 10.50), IFAS given during clinical visit (AOR=15.72, 95% CI: 5.34, 46.31), number of meals consumed (AOR=3.44, 95% CI: 1.28, 9.21), number of children (AOR=3.462, 95% CI: 1.035, 11.58), and distance to health facility (AOR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.131, 0.886). Qualitative findings revealed that delayed first ANC visit, lack of remainder for pregnant women to take IFAS, low awareness about the negative effects of anaemia, low of knowledge of IFAS and management of side effects, negative beliefs about the use of IFAS, and follow-up mechanism were major reasons for poor adherence. Conclusion. Adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation during pregnancy was low. Strengthening systems for creating reminding mechanism, raising community awareness through educational programs to pregnant women and health providers could improve adherence to IFAS.

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