scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen deposition and phosphorus addition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuyu Lin ◽  
Yaoxiong Wang ◽  
Meihua Liu ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
Wenfa Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Colonization Rates

Abstract Background Nitrogen (N) deposition is a key factor that affects terrestrial biogeochemical cycles with a growing trend, especially in the southeast region of China, where shortage of available phosphorus (P) is particularly acute and P has become a major factor limiting plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiosis with plants, and play an important role in enhancing plant stress resistance. However, the response of AMF to the combined effects of N deposition and P additions is poorly understood. Results Our results showed that N deposition significantly increased AMF root colonization rates and spore density, but inhibited both symbiotic relationship and spore propagation. In N-free plots, P addition significantly increased AMF root colonization rates, but did not significantly alter spore density. In low-N plots, AMF root colonization rates significantly decreased under low P addition, but significantly increased under high P addition, and spore density exhibited a significant decline under both low and high P additions. In high-N plots, AMF root colonization rates and spore density significantly increased under P additions. In general, AMF were closely related to the relative content of N and P in the soil. Interactive effects of simulated N deposition and P addition on both AMF root colonization rates and spore density were significant. AMF root colonization rates were significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture. Conclusions Moderate N deposition or P addition can weaken the symbiotic relationship between plants and AMF, significantly reducing AMF colonization rates and inhibiting spore propagation. However, a moderate addition of P greatly enhances spore yield. Soil moisture content is the main factor regulating AMF colonization rates. In the case of interactive effects, the AMF colonization rates and spore density are affected by the relative content of N and P in the soil.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under No-tillage and Tillage Practices in a Semiarid Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahieddine Sebbane ◽  
Sonia Labidi ◽  
Miloud Hafsi
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
Colonization Rates

Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are root symbionts that improve host plant growth and resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses allowing a sustain plant production particularly under harsh conditions. Methods: The objective of this study is to compare the effect of conventional tillage and no-tillage practices on AMF symbiosis with durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) through the evaluation of root colonization and AMF spore density in the soil of three different sites in a semi-arid region in Algeria. Two sites were conducted under rain-fed conditions and one was irrigated.Result: Mycorrhizal root colonization varied according to the site and the tillage practice, while spore density differed between sites. Spore density was higher in sites under rain-fed conditions suggesting that water deficit stimulate sporulation, while root colonization seems to be limited by drought. No-tillage improved root colonization rates by 54.3% compared to conventional tillage system and this improvement, particularly the arbuscular percentage, was higher under drought conditions. In addition, root colonization rates showed a positive correlation with the organic matter content and pH in the soil and a negative correlation with the available phosphorus in the soil. These results indicate that no-tillage enhance the establishment of AMF symbiosis with durum wheat under semi-arid conditions.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungal Root Colonization of Eragrostis tef in Eroded Croplands of the Ethiopian Highlands is Limited by Low Spore Density and Fertilisation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezahagn Getachew ◽  
Boris Rewald ◽  
Douglas L. Godbold ◽  
Hans Sandén
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Ethiopian Highlands ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spore Densities ◽  
Colonization Rates

Eragrostis tef (teff) is a (sub-)tropical cereal crop and a staple food in Eastern Africa. As soil erosion has become increasingly worse in the Ethiopian highlands, we test the hypotheses that 1) eroded soils possess low arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore densities, 2) teff growth is limited by low endophytic fungal root colonization rates and 3) colonization rates and spore densities are additionally reduced by fertilization. A pot experiment was set up to study the effect of cropland soil inoculation using pristine fungal communities (from adjacent forests) or fertilization. AMF spore densities in soil with and without teff and root colonization by AMF and dark septate endophytes (DSE) were related to straw and grain yields. AMF and DSE colonization rates were higher after inoculation, which provides evidence that a low spore density limits teff root colonization in eroded soils. However, teff yields were significantly increased after fertilisation but not inoculation. N-P fertilization further lowered root colonization rates and spore density. We conclude that forest soils serve as a refugium for soil biota in the degraded landscape of the Ethiopian highlands. As both increased AMF and DSE increase the stress resistance of plants, their inoculation potential should be considered when developing sustainable management methods for teff.

scholarly journals Micro-Landscape Dependent Changes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5297
Author(s):  
Stavros D. Veresoglou ◽  
Leonie Grünfeld ◽  
Magkdi Mola
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
High Connectivity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽  
Colonization Rates

The roots of most plants host diverse assemblages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which benefit the plant hosts in diverse ways. Even though we understand that such AMF assemblages are non-random, we do not fully appreciate whether and how environmental settings can make them more or less predictable in time and space. Here we present results from three controlled experiments, where we manipulated two environmental parameters, habitat connectance and habitat quality, to address the degree to which plant roots in archipelagos of high connectivity and invariable habitats are colonized with (i) less diverse and (ii) easier to predict AMF assemblages. We observed no differences in diversity across our manipulations. We show, however, that mixing habitats and varying connectivity render AMF assemblages less predictable, which we could only detect within and not between our experimental units. We also demonstrate that none of our manipulations favoured any specific AMF taxa. We present here evidence that the community structure of AMF is less responsive to spatio-temporal manipulations than root colonization rates which is a facet of the symbiosis which we currently poorly understand.

scholarly journals Spore density and root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in preserved or disturbed Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. ecosystems

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Moreira ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Araucaria Forest

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze., a native forest tree from Brazil, is under extinction risk. This tree depends on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for growth and development, especially in tropical low-P soils but, despite being a conifer, Araucaria does not form ectomycorrhiza, but only the arbuscular endomycorrhiza. This study aimed at surveying data on the spore density and root colonization (CR) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Araucaria angustifolia forest ecosystems, in order to discriminate natural, implemented, and anthropic action-impacted ecosystems, by means of Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA). Three ecosystems representative of the Campos do Jordão (SP, Brazil) region were selected: 1. a native forest (FN); 2. a replanted Araucaria forest (R); and 3. a replanted Araucaria forest, submitted to accidental fire (RF). Rhizosphere soil and roots were sampled in May and October, 2002, for root colonization, AMF identification, and spores counts. Root percent colonization rates at first collection date were relatively low and did not differ amongst ecosystems. At the second period, FN presented higher colonization than the other two areas, with much higher figures than during the first period, for all areas. Spore density was lower in FN than in the other areas. A total of 26 AMF species were identified. The percent root colonization and spore numbers were inversely related to each other in all ecosystems. CDA indicated that there is spatial distinction among the three ecosystems in regard to the evaluated parameters.

scholarly journals Eksplorasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. Lembah Bhakti di Rawa Singkil dengan Kultur Trapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Safran Safran ◽  
Ashabul Anhar ◽  
Fikrinda Fikrinda
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) pada perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Lembah Bhakti dengan kultur trapping. Populasi spora dan kolonisasi FMA pada akar kelapa sawit di amati pada kelapa sawit  umur 5 tahun, 10 tahun, dan 15 tahun dengan tiga media pembawa (zeolit, pasir dan biochar). Terdapat dua genus yang ditemukan pada rizosfir kelapa sawit yaitu Glomus dan Acaulospora. Glomus merupakan genus yang  dominan dan Glomus sp1 merupakan spesies yang lebih banyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan spora tertinggi didapatkan pada rizosfer kelapa sawit umur 5 tahun ( 65 spora per 50g tanah) sedangkan kolonisasi akar tertinggi didapatkan pada umur 10 tahun (39,6 %). Zeolit merupakan media pembawa terbaik dalam kultur trapping yang ditunjukkan oleh lebih tingginya kepadatan spora maupun kolonisasi akar. bstract. This research was conducted to explore the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) at oil palm plantation of PT Lembah Bhakti with trapping culture. AMF Spore populations at colonization at the root of palm oil were observed in oil palm aged were observation at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years with three carrier media (zeolite, sand and biochar).  There are two genera found Glomus and Acaulospora. Glomus was the dominant genus and Glomus sp1 was a larger species. The results showed that the highest spore density was found in the 5-year-old palm oil rizosphere (65 spores per 50g of land) while the highest root colonization was obtained at age 10 (39.6%). Zeolite was the best carrier in trapping culture which is shown by higher spore density and root colonization.  

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