scholarly journals Characterization of genetic determinants of the resistance to phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, and the dagger nematode Xiphinema index from muscadine background

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rubio ◽  
Guillaume Lalanne-Tisné ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Jean-Pascal Tandonnet ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Index Vector

Abstract Muscadine ( Muscadinia rotundifolia ) is known as a resistance source to many pests and diseases in grapevine. The genetics of its resistance to two major grapevine pests, the phylloxera D. vitifoliae and the dagger nematode X. index , vector of the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) was investigated in a backcross progeny between the F1 resistant hybrid material VRH8771 ( Muscadinia-Vitis ) and V. vinifera cv. ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’. Phylloxera resistance was assessed by monitoring root nodosity number in an “ in planta ” experiment and larval development in a root “ in vitro ” assay. Nematode resistance was studied using 10-12 month long tests for the selection of durable resistance and rating criteria based on nematode reproduction factor and gall index. A major QTL for phylloxera larval development, explaining more than 70% of the total variance and co-localizing with a QTL for nodosity number, was identified on LG 7. Additional QTLs were detected on LG 3 and LG 10, depending on the “ in planta ” or “in vitro” experiments, suggesting that various loci may influence or modulate nodosity formation and larval development. Using a Bulk Segregant Analysis approach and a proportion test, markers clustered in three regions on LG 9, LG 10 and LG 18 were shown to be associated to the nematode resistant. All these results open the way to the development of marker-assisted selection in grapevine rootstock breeding programs based on muscadine derived resistance to phylloxera and to X. index in order to delay GFLV transmission.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic determinants of the resistance to phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, and the dagger nematode Xiphinema index from muscadine background

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rubio ◽  
Guillaume Lalanne-Tisné ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Jean-Pascal Tandonnet ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Index Vector

Abstract Muscadine ( Muscadinia rotundifolia ) is known as a resistance source to many pests and diseases in grapevine. The genetics of its resistance to two major grapevine pests, the phylloxera D. vitifoliae and the dagger nematode X. index , vector of the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) was investigated in a backcross progeny between the F1 resistant hybrid material VRH8771 ( Muscadinia-Vitis ) and V. vinifera cv. ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’. Phylloxera resistance was assessed by monitoring root nodosity number in an “ in planta ” experiment and larval development in a root “ in vitro ” assay. Nematode resistance was studied using 10-12 month long tests for the selection of durable resistance and rating criteria based on nematode reproduction factor and gall index. A major QTL for phylloxera larval development, explaining more than 70% of the total variance and co-localizing with a QTL for nodosity number, was identified on LG 7. Additional QTLs were detected on LG 3 and LG 10, depending on the “ in planta ” or “in vitro” experiments, suggesting that various loci may influence or modulate nodosity formation and larval development. Using a Bulk Segregant Analysis approach and a proportion test, markers clustered in three regions on LG 9, LG 10 and LG 18 were shown to be associated to the nematode resistant. All these results open the way to the development of marker-assisted selection in grapevine rootstock breeding programs based on muscadine derived resistance to phylloxera and to X. index in order to delay GFLV transmission.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic determinants of the resistance to phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, and the dagger nematode Xiphinema index from muscadine background

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rubio ◽  
Guillaume Lalanne-Tisné ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Jean-Pascal Tandonnet ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Xiphinema Index

Abstract Background: Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia) is known as a resistance source to many pests and diseases in grapevine. The genetics of its resistance to two major grapevine pests, the phylloxera D. vitifoliae and the dagger nematode X. index, vector of the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) was investigated in a backcross progeny between the F1 resistant hybrid material VRH8771 (Muscadinia-Vitis) derived from the muscadine R source ‘NC184-4’ and V. vinifera cv. ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ (CS). Results: In this pseudo-testcross, parental maps were constructed using simple-sequence repeats markers and single nucleotide polymorphism markers from a GBS approach. For the VRH8771 map, 2271 SNP and 135 SSR markers were assembled, resulting in 19 linkage groups (LG) and an average distance between markers of 0.98 cM. Phylloxera resistance was assessed by monitoring root nodosity number in an in planta experiment and larval development in a root in vitro assay. Nematode resistance was studied using 10-12 month long tests for the selection of durable resistance and rating criteria based on nematode reproduction factor and gall index. A major QTL for phylloxera larval development, explaining more than 70% of the total variance and co-localizing with a QTL for nodosity number, was identified on LG 7. Additional QTLs were detected on LG 3 and LG 10, depending on the in planta or in vitro experiments, suggesting that various loci may influence or modulate nodosity formation and larval development. Using a Bulk Segregant Analysis approach and a proportion test, markers clustered in three regions on LG 9, LG 10 and LG 18 were shown to be associated to the nematode resistant phenotype. QTL analysis confirmed the results, although a LOD-score below the significant threshold value was obtained for the QTL on LG 18. Conclusions: Based on a high-resolution linkage map and a segregating grapevine backcross progeny, the first QTLs for resistance to Daktulosphaira vitifoliae and to Xiphinema index were identified from a muscadine source. All together these results open the way to the development of marker-assisted selection in grapevine rootstock breeding programs based on muscadine derived resistance to phylloxera and to X. index in order to delay GFLV transmission.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic determinants of the resistance to phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, and the dagger nematode Xiphinema index from muscadine background

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Rubio ◽  
Guillaume Lalanne-Tisné ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Jean-Pascal Tandonnet ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Xiphinema Index

Abstract Background: Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia) is known as a resistance source to many pests and diseases in grapevine. The genetics of its resistance to two major grapevine pests, the phylloxera D. vitifoliae and the dagger nematode X. index, vector of the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) was investigated in a backcross progeny between the F1 resistant hybrid material VRH8771 (Muscadinia-Vitis) derived from the muscadine R source ‘NC184-4’ and V. vinifera cv. ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ (CS). Results: In this pseudo-testcross, parental maps were constructed using simple-sequence repeats markers and single nucleotide polymorphism markers from a GBS approach. For the VRH8771 map, 2271 SNP and 135 SSR markers were assembled, resulting in 19 linkage groups (LG) and an average distance between markers of 0.98 cM. Phylloxera resistance was assessed by monitoring root nodosity number in an in planta experiment and larval development in a root in vitro assay. Nematode resistance was studied using 10-12 month long tests for the selection of durable resistance and rating criteria based on nematode reproduction factor and gall index. A major QTL for phylloxera larval development, explaining more than 70% of the total variance and co-localizing with a QTL for nodosity number, was identified on LG 7. Additional QTLs were detected on LG 3 and LG 10, depending on the in planta or in vitro experiments, suggesting that various loci may influence or modulate nodosity formation and larval development. Using a Bulk Segregant Analysis approach and a proportion test, markers clustered in three regions on LG 9, LG 10 and LG 18 were shown to be associated to the nematode resistant phenotype. QTL analysis confirmed the results, although a LOD-score below the significant threshold value was obtained for the QTL on LG 18. Conclusions: Based on a high-resolution linkage map and a segregating grapevine backcross progeny, the first QTLs for resistance to Daktulosphaira vitifoliae and to Xiphinema index were identified from a muscadine source. All together these results open the way to the development of marker-assisted selection in grapevine rootstock breeding programs based on muscadine derived resistance to phylloxera and to X. index in order to delay GFLV transmission.

scholarly journals A Metabolomic Study of Epichloë Endophytes for Screening Antifungal Metabolites

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Krishni Fernando ◽  
Priyanka Reddy ◽  
Kathryn M. Guthridge ◽  
German C. Spangenberg ◽  
Simone J. Rochfort
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids ◽  
Epichloë Endophytes

Epichloë endophytes, fungal endosymbionts of Pooidae grasses, are commonly utilized in forage and turf industries because they produce beneficial metabolites that enhance resistance against environmental stressors such as insect feeding and disease caused by phytopathogen infection. In pastoral agriculture, phytopathogenic diseases impact both pasture quality and animal production. Recently, bioactive endophyte strains have been reported to secrete compounds that significantly inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. A screen of previously described Epichloë-produced antifeedant and toxic alkaloids determined that the antifungal bioactivity observed is not due to the production of these known metabolites, and so there is a need for methods to identify new bioactive metabolites. The process described here is applicable more generally for the identification of antifungals in new endophytes. This study aims to characterize the fungicidal potential of novel, ‘animal friendly’ Epichloë endophyte strains NEA12 and NEA23 that exhibit strong antifungal activity using an in vitro assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation, followed by metabolite analysis, identified 61 metabolites that, either singly or in combination, are responsible for the observed bioactivity. Analysis of the perennial ryegrass-endophyte symbiota confirmed that NEA12 and NEA23 produce the prospective antifungal metabolites in symbiotic association and thus are candidates for compounds that promote disease resistance in planta. The “known unknown” suite of antifungal metabolites identified in this study are potential biomarkers for the selection of strains that enhance pasture and turf production through better disease control.

scholarly journals Generation of strong casein kinase 1 inhibitor of Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami N Saito ◽  
Hiromi Matsuo ◽  
Keiko Kuwata ◽  
Azusa Ono ◽  
Toshinori Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bromine Atom ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Casein Kinase 1 ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Period Lengthening

AbstractCasein kinase 1 (CK1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase among eukaryotes. Studies on yeast, fungi, and animals have revealed that CK1 plays roles in divergent biological processes. By contrast, the collective knowledge regarding the biological roles of plant CK1 lags was behind those of animal CK1. One of reasons for this is that plants have more multiple genes encoding CK1 than animals. To accelerate the research for plant CK1, a strong CK1 inhibitor that efficiently inhibits multiple members of CK1 proteins in vivo (in planta) is required. Here, we report a novel strong CK1 inhibitor of Arabidopsis (AMI-331). Using a circadian period-lengthening activity as estimation of the CK1 inhibitor effect in vivo, we performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of PHA767491 (1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-(4-pyridinyl)-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one hydrochloride), a potent CK1 inhibitor of Arabidopsis, and found that PHA767491 analogues bearing a propargyl group at the pyrrole nitrogen atom (AMI-212) or a bromine atom at the pyrrole C3 position (AMI-23) enhance the period-lengthening activity. The period lengthening activity of a hybrid molecule of AMI-212 and AMI-23 (AMI-331) is about 100-fold stronger than that of PHA767491. An in vitro assay indicated a strong inhibitory activity of CK1 kinase by AMI-331. Also, affinity proteomics using an AMI-331 probe showed that targets of AMI-331 are mostly CK1 proteins. As such, AMI-331 is a strong potent CK1 inhibitor that shows promise in the research of CK1 in plants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Various pH Medium on the Secondary Metabollites Production from Trichoderma harzianum T10 to Control Damping Off on Cucumber Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Nur Chalimah ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Woro Sri Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Cucumber Seedling ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings

Damping-off is one of the main diseases in cucumber seedlings caused by Pythium sp. Secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 can conduct the control of the disease. The pH of the medium influences the production of secondary metabolites. The research aimed to determine the effective pH medium on production of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites, and the effect of the T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites application in damping-off disease control also to the growth of cucumber seedling. The research was consist of two steps; 1) in vitro assay with various pH levels 5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; and 7, 2) In planta treatments consisted of control, fungicide (Mancozeb), secondary metabolites in pH 5 and 5.5 with the concentration of 5, 10 and 15% each. The research showed that: 1) the effective pH medium for the production of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites was 5 and 5.5. 2) application of the T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites on pH 5 and 5.5 with a concentration of 5, 10, and 15% could decrease the disease incidence and support cucumber seedling growth.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity of Pyraclostrobin and Toxicity of SHAM to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jie Liang ◽  
Ya-Li Di ◽  
Jin-Li Li ◽  
Hong You ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cosmopolitan plant pathogen notable for its wide host range. The quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide pyraclostrobin has not been registered for control of S. sclerotiorum in China. In this study, baseline sensitivity of pyraclostrobin was established based on effective concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50) values of 153 isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from five provinces of China and toxicity of alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) to S. sclerotiorum was determined. Results showed that the frequency distribution of EC50 values of the 153 isolates was unimodal but with a right-hand tail. The mean EC50 value was 0.1027 μg/ml and the range of EC50 values was 0.0124 to 0.6324 μg/ml. Applied as a preventive fungicide in pot experiments, pyraclostrobin at 5, 15, and 45 μg/ml provided control efficacies of 61, 77, and 100%, respectively. There was no positive cross-resistance between pyraclostrobin and carbendazim or dimethachlon. EC50 values for SHAM against four isolates of S. sclerotiorum were 44.4, 51.8, 54.4, and 68.7 μg/ml. SHAM at 20 μg/ml could significantly increase not only the inhibitory effect of pyraclostrobin on mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar media but also the control efficacy in planta. These results indicated that SHAM should not be added into artificial media in in vitro assay of S. sclerotiorum sensitivity to pyraclostrobin. This has broad implications for assay of sensitivity of fungal pathogen to QoI fungicides.

scholarly journals Effect of Two Fungicides on Mycelial Growth of Fungi Causing Leaf Blight and Wilt of the Rubber Plant (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Godswill ◽  
Ngoueko Tefonou Bernadette-Sorele ◽  
Dzokouo Dzoyem Camille Ulrich ◽  
Yaouba Aoudou ◽  
Nyaka Ngobisa Aurelie Irene Claire
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Rubber Plant ◽  
Pestalotiopsis Microspora ◽  
Similar Disease

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) is a tropical tree crop mainly grown for the industrial production of latex. The rubber sector in Cameroon is faced with the effects of global economic crisis and a drop in the yield of latex due to several pests and diseases. This study focused on leaf diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Pestalotiopsis microspora. The fungi were isolated from the leaves of the rubber plant and cultured for characterization on two media (Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Carrot Dextrose Agar (PCDA)) at various temperature and pH levels. Using the poison food technique, an in vitro assay was done to assess the effect of two fungicides (Synthetic Fungicide 1 (SF1) and Synthetic Fungicide 2 (SF2)) at the respective doses of 0.006, 0.013 and 0.025 g.L-1, and 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 g.L-1 on the growth of the two fungi. Results obtained show that PDA is most favourable for the growth of both fungi compared to PCDA. Both fungi attained optimal growth at pH 7 and at an incubation temperature of 25 oC. Neither F. oxysporum nor P. microspora grew on SF1-amended PDA and PCDA at all doses of the fungicide. SF2 significantly (P>0.05) inhibited the growth of P. microspora by 53.3% at the dose of 0.025 g.L-1 while F. oxysporum was less sensitive to the fungicide at all doses. In vitro pathogenicity test revealed similar disease symptoms as those observed in the field. This study shows that SF1 is the best fungicide against F. oxysporum and P. microspora as it gave 100% inhibition on the growth of both fungi.

scholarly journals Characterization of Biofilm Formation by Xylella fastidiosa In Vitro

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. R. Marques ◽  
H. Ceri ◽  
G. P. Manfio ◽  
D. M. Reid ◽  
M. E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
New Perspective

Xylella fastidiosa colonizes the xylem of various host plants, causing economically important diseases such as Pierce's disease in grapevine and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in sweet oranges. The aggregative nature of this bacterium has been extensively documented in the plant xylem and the insect's foregut. Structured communities of microbial aggregates enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix and attached to a surface are defined as biofilms. In this study, we characterized biofilm formation by X. fastidiosa through the use of a novel in vitro assay for studying biofilm growth in a potential mimic system of what might occur in planta. We used wood, a xylem rich material, as a surface for bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, under shear force. We demonstrated that X. fastidiosa strains isolated from various hosts formed biofilm on wood in this in vitro assay. Different biofilm morphology was detected, which seems to vary according to the strain tested and microenvironmental conditions analyzed. We observed that strains from different hosts could be grouped according to three parameters: biofilm morphology, the ability to form clumps in liquid culture, and the ability to attach to glass surfaces. We hypothesize that biofilm formation is likely a major virulence factor in diseases related to X. fastidiosa, bringing a new perspective for disease treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document