The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Coconut Husk And Dolomite On Shallot (Allium Cepa L.) Growth And Yield

Shallot is the most produced vegetable in Indonesia. The consumption of shallot per kg/capita/year is continuously increasing, therefore there is a need to ensure enough supply. The lack of nutrients in the soil is a problem in shallot production. Shallot needs macronutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) to improve its yield and quality. The application of liquid organic fertilizer from coconut husk and dolomite can be the solution. This study was conducted using Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors, concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and dolomite (with dolomite or without). The results showed that the application of 20% liquid organic fertilizer, the application of dolomite, and the combination of both (P2D1) had the highest value on fresh shallot bulbs weight per clumps and bulb weight after storage parameters, and had the lowest value on weight loss percentage parameter.

THE APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MELON VARIETIES (Cucumis melo L.)

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of potential horticultural crop in Indonesia. Unfortunately, melon production is currently unable to meet national demand. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofertilizer, varieties and interaction between the dose of biofertilizer and varieties on the growth and yield of melons. The study was conducted in January-April 2021 at Paloh Lada Village, Dewantara District and the Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Malikussaleh. These experiments were arranged in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was biofertilizer (P) consisting of 4 levels: P0 (0 ml/L), P1 (5 ml/L), P2 (10 ml/L) and P3 (15 ml/L) and the second factor was melon varieties (V): V1 (F1 Pertiwi Anvi) and V2 (F1 Action 88). There was 8 treatment combinations with 3 replications, resulted in 24 experimental units. The interaction between biofertilizers and varieties gave significant effect on the growth and yield of melon, while the interactions between bio fertilizer did not differ on all variables observed. The application of biological fertilizer 10 ml/L on V1 variety (F1 Pertiwi Anvi) is recommendable. There was an interaction between of biological fertilizers and melon varieties on the total dissolved solids (Brix %).

Edible Part Nutritional Value And Calcium Content In Five Lai-Durian (D.zibethinus X D. Kutejensis) Fruit Rind From Loa Kulu East Kalimantan

The large number of Durio species that grow in Kalimantan illustrates that this area is the most important distribution center for durian relatives. Two of the best-known edible durians in East Kalimantan are Durian (Durio zibethinus) and Lai (Durio Kutejensis). Several studies have been conducted to determine the effect of calcium on the quality of fruits. However, very little information was obtained regarding the effect of Ca on the quality of lai-durian fruit. This research was carried out by collecting data and information about Fruit performance and edible part nutritional value three D. zibenthinus x D. kutejensis plants. The five potential superior plants have some similar in rind moisture factor, ash content, water content, total fat, crude protein, and total dissolved solids. However, there is a difference in flesh thickness which indicates that LK4 has the thickest flesh thickness with an average of 9mm, while LK5 shows the thinnest average flesh thickness of 4mm. Meanwhile, when viewed from total carbohydrates, LK3 fruit has the highest total carbohydrate content compared to other fruits, which is 37.477 and energy is 180.357 kcal. This study indicates that there is a negative correlation between fruit peel size and calcium content. In large Lai-durian fruits such as LK4 fruit there is a lower amount of calcium than other fruits.

The response of Stecklings Age and Plant Spacing on Carrot Seed Quality and Production

The quality of seed needs to be considered in carrot seed production to maintain its productivity. The research aims to find out the response of stecklings age and plant spacing on carrot seed quality and production. This research was held on July 2018 – April 2019 in Berastagi field trial (1340 m MSL). The experiment used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors, i.e., stecklings age (2 and 3 months) and plant spacing (25, 50, 75, and 100 cm), replicated four times (32 experiment units), 10 plants from each experiment units were taken as samples. The result showed that stecklings age and plant spacing were affected to plant vegetative and generative stages. The combination of 2-month stecklings and 50 cm plant spacing increased the number of secondary umble, if compared to cultivation, which was generally used by the farmer (3-month stecklings and 25 cm plant spacing). The best quality of carrot seed was obtained from the combination of 3-month stecklings and 50 cm plant spacing.

The Effect of Various pH Medium on the Secondary Metabollites Production from Trichoderma harzianum T10 to Control Damping Off on Cucumber Seedlings

Damping-off is one of the main diseases in cucumber seedlings caused by Pythium sp. Secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 can conduct the control of the disease. The pH of the medium influences the production of secondary metabolites. The research aimed to determine the effective pH medium on production of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites, and the effect of the T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites application in damping-off disease control also to the growth of cucumber seedling. The research was consist of two steps; 1) in vitro assay with various pH levels 5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; and 7, 2) In planta treatments consisted of control, fungicide (Mancozeb), secondary metabolites in pH 5 and 5.5 with the concentration of 5, 10 and 15% each. The research showed that: 1) the effective pH medium for the production of T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites was 5 and 5.5. 2) application of the T. harzianum T10 secondary metabolites on pH 5 and 5.5 with a concentration of 5, 10, and 15% could decrease the disease incidence and support cucumber seedling growth.

The Success Rate of Two Explant Types of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in Various Sterilant Formulas

This study aims to determine the effect of interaction between several sterilants and types of explants and determine the best interaction with stevia culture's success rate. This study was designed using a Factorial Complete Randomized Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor is sterilant formulas i.e: fungicide 3% + alcohol 70% + Bayclin 5%; fungicide 3% + bactericide 6% + 70% alcohol + Bayclin 5%; sublimate 0.1% + 70% alcohol + Bayclin 5%; and fungicide 3% + bactericide 6% + sublimate 0.1% + alcohol 70% + Bayclin 5%. The second factor is explant types, i.e., stevia nodes and leaves. The variables observed are the percentage of contamination (%), percentage of alive explants (%), and browning percentage. The interaction between sterilants and explant types only had a significant effect on the percentage of alive explants. The best interactions of sterilant formulas and explant types on the percentage of alive explants are 0.1% sublimate + 70% alcohol + 5% Bayclin and leaf explants.

The Diverse Collection of Exotic Tropical Fruits in The Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI)

Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) known as an institute collecting exotic tropical fruits in Indonesia. The present study was carried to evaluate the characters of five exotic fruits in the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiment used field observation. The characters considered were leaf character (leaf shape, leaf margin, leaf tip, leaf base, the color of upper leaf, color of under leaf, leaf surface, leaf length, leaf width), and fruit character (fruit shape, fruit peel texture, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, the color of mature peel, the color of mature flesh, taste, fruit weight, seed weight, seed number). Data were analyzed descriptively using tables. The five exotic fruits' morphological characteristics have demonstrated that every species of fruit has specific characteristics. These fruits have the potential to be raw materials for the pharmacy industry.

Effect of Cytokines On The In Vitro of Sweet Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix Dc)

Sweet kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix Dc), also called "Boh Kruet Mameh" is one of Aceh's local plants, which is currently very difficult to obtain. Sweet kaffir lime is not like the ordinary kaffir lime, which tastes sour. The fruit of sweet kaffir lime has a larger size than the regular kaffir lime, sweet and sour taste, aromatic and fresh, which can be consumed as a fruit table. The problem of developing the propagation technique of sweet kaffir lime plants is the seeds' condition, which are conventionally difficult to germinate and limited in number, making it difficult to get a high-quality seed. Thus, to overcome these problems, suitable solutions to plant propagation techniques should be sought. As for the right plant propagation technique is tissue culture technology or in vitro propagation technique. This research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University. The research was conducted from February to April 2018. This research used a single randomized complete design (CRD) with ten replications. The treatment is a combination of the basic media, which consists of MS0 (MS media without BAP) and MS1 (MS + BAP 4 ppm). The result showed that the adduction of 4 ppm BAP in MS media influenced the in vitro sweet kaffir lime seeds' growth. Sweet kaffir lime seeds that were given 4 ppm BAP grew buds faster with more percentage of shoot growth, the number of shoots, and a number of leaves than the seeds without BAP adduction.

Can We Grow Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Root in Hydroponic System with Simple Growing Media?

Unlike conventional agriculture, urban hydroponics are widely on a small yard scale. Hydroponics is a term used for farming without using soil as a growth medium. Plants can be planted in pots or other containers using water and other porous materials as growing media. Cheap, easily obtainable, and efficient growing media types are needed for urban communities to cultivate vegetable crops, especially shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). Shallots have an important meaning, both in terms of high economic value and their nutritional content. It is unknown if the shallots are cultivated in a hydroponic system and how the performance of its roots and the suitable simple growing media for growing shallots in hydroponic will be enhanced. Therefore, this research was conducted to study the performance of shallot roots in several alternative hydroponic media and obtain growing media that can provide the best growth on the performance of shallot roots in the hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in 3 months at the Glass House and Integrated laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Indonesia. This research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. The factor is the growing media (m) which consists of 4 levels, namely: m1 = sand (± 80-100 mesh); m2 = burnt rice husk; m3 = egg cartons; and m4 = wood shavings (± 90-120 mesh). Data retrieval by observing the following parameters: Leaf length (cm), Number of leaves (strands), Number of plant bulbs (bulbs), bulbs wet weight (grams), bulbs dry weight (grams), Longest root length (cm), and Total root length (m). This research showed that the burnt rice husk and wood shavings growing media influence the growth and performance of the shallots' roots (Allium ascalonicum L.) plants and can be used as the simple growing media in urban hydroponic as Household scale cultivation. On the other hand, the growing media from sand and egg cartons are not recommended for growing shallots in the hydroponic system.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Cayenne Peppers (Capsicum Annuum L.) from IPB University for Its Resistance Against Begomoviruses in Aceh

The productivity of pepper plants is strongly influenced by climatic and weather conditions as well as pests and diseases. One of the major losses in chili farming is the pest attack, such as whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), a virus vector. Evaluation of the resistance of pepper plant germplasm against Begomovirus infection needs to be carried out, evaluate genetic diversity, estimate heritability values, and obtain a selection character for the resistance of chili plants Begomovirus. This research was conducted at Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, and the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala from January to May 2020. Three varieties Gada, Anies and Selekta with seven test genotypes i.e F6 Gada, Seloka 4-10-2-2, F5136074-1-4-3, F5074136-2-3-2, F5074035-2-1-2, F5074035-2-4-2, F5074077-1-1-3 were screened for their resistance against Begomovirus. This study was designed using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) and scoring parameter Begomovirus symptom. Tukey’s HSD, the standard deviation of genetic variance, heritability, and correlation were performed to analyze the data. The lowest disease intensity occurred in genotype F6 Gada with a percentage of 12.08% disease intensity (slightly resistant), and the highest level of disease intensity occurred in F5074035-2-4-2 with a percentage of 30.94% (susceptible). Variables symptom scoring, disease intensity, and incubation period were the most effective variables for selecting pepper resistance against Begomovirus infection based on broad-sense heritability values.