scholarly journals Gender Disparities in the Relationship between Education and Self-Reported Health Across Cohorts in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhu ◽  
Yiwan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Resource Substitution ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Variation in the relationship between education and health has been studied intensely over the past few decades. Although there is abundant research on gender disparity and cohort variations in the relationship between education and health, based on samples from the U.S. and Europe, research about China is limited. Giventhe specificsocial changes in China, the study is designed to analyze the gender difference and cohort variations in the education-health relationship.Method: Longitudinal, nationwide data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies from the years 2010 to 2016 are statistically analyzed. Self-reported health is measured by respondents’ subjective assessment of their health. The highest level of education earned operationalizes the education measure. Each cohort is defined by a distinct period of social change in China. The age-vector model is used to analyze gender and cohort variations in the association between education and self-rated health. Results: Men report better health than women, but the relationship between education and health for women is stronger than for men. Educational gaps in self-rated health do not change significantly for cohorts before 1955 and cohorts after 1977, but the gaps become stronger for cohorts between 1956 and 1976. There is gender disparity within the cohort variations in the education-health relationship. For women, the education-health relationship in the 1956-1960, 1967-1976 and 1977-1983 cohorts is significantly stronger than for the 1908-1938 cohort. While not as strong, the education-health relationship remains consistent across all cohorts for men. Conclusions: The study findings support the resource substitution hypothesis and not the rising importance hypothesis in China. Considering the findings on gender disparity and difference in cohort effects, we discuss the potential influences of the unique social transformation and educational expansion in China.

scholarly journals Gender Disparities in the Education Gradient in Self-Reported Health across Birth Cohorts in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Zhu ◽  
Yiwan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Latent Growth Curve ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Model ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Education Gradient ◽  
Health Gradient

Abstract Background: Variation in the relationship between education and health has been studied intensely over the past few decades. Although there is research on gender disparity and cohort variations in educational effect on health using samples from the U.S. and Europe, research about China’s is limited. Given the specific social changes in China, our study is designed to analyze the gender and cohort patterns in the education-health gradient. Method: The latent growth-curve modeling was used to analyze the gender and cohort variations in the education gradient in self-rated health among Chinese respondents. The study employed longitudinal and nationally representative data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies from the years 2010 to 2016. Each cohort is specified according to their distinct periods of social change in China. Following the analysis, we used latent growth-curve model to illustrate gender and cohort differences in the age-graded education and health trajectories. Results: Although Chinese men have reported to have better health than women in general, women reported 1.6 percentage points higher in self-reported health for each additional year of schooling compared to that of men (P < 0.001). The latent growth curve model showed women’s extra education benefits were persistent overtime. Compared to the people born during the “Old China” (1908-1938), the education gradient in self-rated health did not change for cohorts born before 1955 and after 1977, but the education-health gap changed significantly in the 1956-1960 (O.R.=1.038, P<0.05), 1967-1976 (O.R.=1.058, P<0.001), and 1977-1983 (O.R.=1.063, P<0.001) cohorts. There was a gender difference for the cohort variations in the education-health gradient. For women, the education effect in the 1956-1960 (O.R.=1.063, P<0.05) , 1967-1976 (O.R.=1.088, P<0.001) and 1977-1983 (O.R.=1.102, P<0.001) cohorts was significantly higher than that of the 1908-1938 cohort. On the contrary, the education-health gradient remained the same across all cohorts for men. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the education-health gradient varies across cohorts for women, but the size of education effect remains consistent for men across cohorts. The findings support the resource-substitution hypothesis and not the rising-importance hypothesis in China. We discussed the potential influences of the unique, social transformation and educational expansion in China.

scholarly journals FAMILY COHESION MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACCULTURATION AND HEALTH AMONG OLDER CHINESE AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S629-S630
Author(s):  
Kaipeng Wang ◽  
Anao Zhang ◽  
Fei Sun ◽  
Rita X Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Older Chinese Americans

Abstract Migration and resettlement are major life events that affect immigrants’ functioning and health status. Previous research has well-established the influence of acculturation and family cohesion on Chinese Americans’ mental health and health behavior; however, the moderation effect of family cohesion on the relationship between acculturation and self-rated health – a robust measure of an individual’s general health – has not been examined among this population. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between family cohesion, acculturation, and self-rated health among older Chinese Americans. Data came from a survey of 385 Chinese Americans aged 55 and older living in a large metropolitan area in Southwest America through face-to-face interviews. We used logistic regression to examine the association between acculturation, family cohesion, and self-reported health. In general, acculturation was significantly associated with higher odds of reporting excellent or good health after adjusting for demographic and psychosocial covariates; however, the association between acculturation and self-reported health differed by family cohesion. We found that acculturation was positively associated with self-reported health only among those with medium or high family cohesion, but not among those with low family cohesion. Findings highlighted the significance of involving family members and strengthening family support for providing acculturation services, such as language class and healthy literacy education, to older Americans. Family cohesion needs to be considered by health and mental health care providers for older Chinese Americans to further understand the resources and barriers that influence their health service use and health behaviors.

Gender, Education, and Physical Health among Adults in Central Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-200
Author(s):  
Bridget K. Gorman ◽  
Claire E. Altman ◽  
Rudy Guerra ◽  
Sergio Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Resource Substitution ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Strong Negative Association ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mexican Men

In this paper, we apply an intersectional perspective and test whether resource substitution, which predicts that education will be more strongly related to the health of women than men, is operating among adults included in the 2014 Study of Health and Migration in Mexico (SHMM). Findings revealed modest and somewhat contradictory evidence regarding the potential role of resource substitution. For Mexican women, rates of elevated waist circumference are very high regardless of education level, but for hypertension, there is a strong, negative association with education even after adjustment for controls. Different patterns emerge for Mexican men as regression models show that the probability of both elevated waist circumference and hypertension is higher among the more educated. Overall, results suggest that education is only health protective for women’s risk of hypertension. In sum, this work highlights gender specificity in the relationship between education and health in Mexico, and that this relationship varies by health outcome.

THE IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ON RESIDENTS’ SELF-RATED HEALTH: A CASE STUDY IN PENANG, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Massoomeh Hedayati ◽  
Aldrin Abdullah ◽  
Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

There is continuous debate on the impact of house quality on residents’ health and well-being. Good living environment improves health, and fear of crime is recognised as a mediator in the relationship between physical environment and health. Since minimal studies have investigated the relationship, this study aims to examine the impact of the house quality on fear of crime and health. A total of 230 households from a residential neighbourhood in Malaysia participated in the study. Using structural equation modelling, the findings indicate that housing quality and fear of crime can account for a proportion of the variance in residents’ self-rated health. However, there is no significant relationship between housing quality and fear of crime. Results also show that fear of crime does not mediate the relationship between housing quality and health. This study suggests that the environment-fear relationship should be re-examined theoretically.  

Values and Their Relationship to Social Problems in Malaysia

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aslam Haneef ◽  
Selamah Abdullah Yusof ◽  
Ruzita Mohd Amin ◽  
Hazizan Md Noon
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
The Relationship

This study analyzes the relationship between values and social problems for Malaysian teenagers. Malaysia has undergone a tremendous social transformation that has affected many of its traditional and religious values and norms. This development is said to have contributed to a r.ise in social problems. Our basic premises are that values are reflected by behavior and that reli­gion plays an important role in Malaysians' value formation. In this context, and since !slam is Malaysia's official religion, the measurement of values is based on the works of al-Ghazali and Rokeach.1 Some suggestions also are provided for future devel­opment policies.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Health Status as a Predictor of Executive Function in Older Latinos

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Guzman ◽  
Yuliana Soto ◽  
David Marquez ◽  
Susan Aguinaga
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Latinos have high risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Self-rated health (SRH) has been used to predict cognitive decline. Early detection of executive function changes may help identify those at higher risk of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SRH and executive function in Latinos. Latinos (N=333, 84.4% female, Mage= 64.9 ± 7.08) from the BAILA randomized controlled trial self-rated their health as 1) poor/fair, 2) good, and 3) very good/excellent. Executive function was assessed by the Trail-making B, Verbal Fluency, Stroop C & CW, and the Digit Modality tests and stratified by SRH. One-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of SRH was significant for Trails B, F(2,298)=4.01, p=.019 and Stroop CW, F(2,298)=3.07, p=.048. Tukey’s test indicated that participants who rated their health as fair/poor took longer to complete Trails B (M=196.78±83.0 seconds) compared to those who rated their health as good (M=185.25 ± 85.1 seconds) and very good/excellent (M=149.25±95.3 seconds). Stroop CW results demonstrated that those in the fair/poor health category scored lower (M=17.22±6.6) than those in good (M=19.70±8.5 words/minutes) and very good/excellent health categories (M=18.73±8.2 words/minute). In sum, the results suggest SRH is related to executive function such that lower categories of SRH are indicative of poorer executive function. SRH might be used as a proxy for executive function and as a tool that community leaders can use to identify individuals at high risk of ADRD in need of behavioral interventions.

Women’s Liberation and the Agrarian Question: Insights from Peasant Movements in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Archana Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peasant Movements ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores some questions arising from recent debates on patriarchy and capitalism. The focus is on the role of women in communist-led peasant movements in India and the implications of such struggles on the project of women’s emancipation. The first section lays out a framework for discussing the interface between class consciousness and the anti-patriarchal project, whereby patriarchy is located within the structural contradictions arising out of the contestations within the process of accumulation. The second section documents the historical context, focusing on the relationship between land reforms and social transformation in semi-feudal and early capitalist contexts, and analyzes the extent to which communist-led struggles are anti-patriarchal in character. The third section turns to the participation of women in the contemporary struggles of both agricultural workers and peasant movements and underlines the new emerging dialectics between women’s and peasant organizations under a neoliberal state and with deepening agrarian distress.

scholarly journals It’s Sunny, Be Healthy? An International Comparison of the Influence of Sun Exposure and Latitude Lines on Self-Rated Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4101
Author(s):  
Sandra Jaworeck ◽  
Peter Kriwy
Keyword(s):  
International Comparison ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The positive impact of sunshine on self-rated health is well known. For the first time, the relationship between sunshine and self-rated health is examined in the context of latitude lines in international comparison. The further people live from the equator, the lower sun exposure (UVB exposure) and the more often they experience a vitamin D deficiency. UVB exposure decreases with degrees of latitudinal lines, and in addition to that, sunshine duration is shorter in northern countries. In order to consider the connection, sunshine duration and degree of latitude lines were manually enriched from the German Meteorological Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) to the International Social Survey Programs (2011): Health and Health Care and analyzed with a logistic multilevel model, as well as the inclusion of sunshine duration as a mediator. If sunshine hours, as well as latitude lines, are considered separately in models, both show a statistically significant effect. Together in one model, the sunshine hours lose their relationship and additionally there is no mediation. This suggests that the location of the region is the decisive component when considering self-rated health. Furthermore, an interaction between age and sunshine hours as well as latitude lines is also shown.

scholarly journals Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain, Self-Reported Health and Quality of Life among Older Populations in South Africa and Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Run Pu ◽  
Bishwajit Ghose ◽  
Shangfeng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Older Populations

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a serious health concern especially among the elderly population and has significant bearing on health and quality of life. Not much is known about the relationship between chronic pain with self-reported health and quality of life among older populations in low-resource settings. Based on sub-national data from South Africa and Uganda, the present study aimed to explore whether the older population living with CMP report health and quality of life differently compared to those with no CMP complaints. This study was based on cross-sectional data on 1495 South African and Ugandan men and women collected from the SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study. Outcome variables were self-reported physical and mental health and quality of life (QoL). Mental health was assessed by self-reported depressive symptoms during the last 12 months. CMP was assessed by self-reported generalised pain as well as back pain. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to measure the association between health and QoL with CMP by adjusting for potential demographic and environmental confounders. The prevalence of poor self-rated health (61.2%, 95% CI = 51.7, 70.0), depression (37.2%, 95% CI = 34.8, 39.6) and QoL (80.5%, 95% CI = 70.8, 87.5) was considerably high in the study population. Mild/moderate and Severe/extreme generalised pain were reported respectively by 34.5% (95% CI = 28.9, 40.5) and 15.7% (95% CI = 12.2, 19.9) of the respondents, while back pain was reported by 53.3% (95% CI = 45.8, 60.4). The prevalence of both types was significantly higher among women than in men (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, both generalised pain and back pain significantly predicted poor health, depression and QoL, however, it varied between the two different populations. Back pain was associated with higher odds of poor self-rated health [OR = 1.813, 95% CI = 1.308, 2.512], depression [1.640, 95% CI = 1.425, 3.964] and poor QoL [1.505, 95% CI = 1.028, 2.202] in South Africa, but not in Uganda. Compared to having no generalised pain, having Mild/Moderate [OR = 2.309, 95% CI = 1.219, 7.438] and Severe/Extreme [OR = 2.271, 95% CI = 1.447, 4.143] generalised pain was associated with significantly higher odds of poor self-rated health in South Africa. An overwhelmingly high proportion of the sample population reported poor health, quality of life and depression. Among older individuals, health interventions that address CMP may help promote subjective health and quality and life and improve psychological health.

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