Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Iranian women: A qualitative directed content analysis

Abstract Background Water-pipe smoking is the most common type of tobacco used among Iranian women. The aim of this study was to explain the women’s perceptions of their intention for quitting water-pipe smoking based on theory of planned behavior.Methods The study was a qualitative content analysis which was carried out over four months in 2016 in Tehran-Iran. The participants were 26 females of ages 18 to 45-years-old who smoked water-pipe and were selected through snowball sampling. The study was performed in hookah cafes, parks, and homes. The data were collected through individual interviews. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results Findings showed that the women did not intend to quit water-pipe in that time. The most important perceived factors of having no intention for cessation were; positive attitude toward hookah smoking, false beliefs, social pressure, and low motivation to comply. Although, the females felt some internal and external obstacles for cessation, they claimed a high self-efficacy to overcome the barriers.Conclusion Theory of planned behavior provided a useful framework to explain the women’s intention for quitting water-pipe smoking. Therefore, theory-based interventions should be designed and implemented to identify factors associated with having no intention for water-pipe cessation and modify these factors by applying appropriate techniques.

Download Full-text

Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Iranian women: A qualitative directed content analysis

10.21203/rs.2.16595/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

leila sabzmakan ◽

Fatemeh Eslami ◽

Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽

Nkeonye Judith Izuka

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Water Pipe ◽

False Beliefs ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Directed Content Analysis ◽

Hookah Smoking

Abstract Background: Water-pipe smoking is the most common type of tobacco used among Iranian women. The aim of this study was to explain women’s perceptions of their intention for quitting water-pipe smoking based on the theory of planned behavior.Methods: The study was a qualitative content analysis which was carried out over four months in 2016 in Tehran-Iran. The participants were 26 women ages 18 to 45-years-old who smoked water-pipe and were selected through snowball sampling. The study was performed in hookah cafes, parks, and homes. The data were collected through individual interviews. The interviews were open-ended questions based on the theory of planned behavior. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Findings showed that the women did not intend to quit water-pipe in that time. Main contributing factors influencing not having intention of cessation were positive attitude and false beliefs toward hookah smoking, as well as having peers and family members who smoked WP or approved its use. Although most females realized the obstacles associated with hookah cessation, they believed that quitting WP smoking was up to themselves and could control more barriers.Conclusion: Social pressure, positive attitude and false beliefs towards hookah smoking, as well as external and internal obstacles diminished women ‘s intention for cessation. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the theory of planned behavior into behavior change interventions in order to increase the intention to quit water-pipe smoking.

Download Full-text

Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Iranian women: A qualitative directed content analysis

10.21203/rs.2.16595/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Sabzmakan ◽

Fatemeh Eslami ◽

Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽

Nkeonye Judith Izuka

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Water Pipe ◽

False Beliefs ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Directed Content Analysis ◽

Hookah Smoking

Abstract Background: Water-pipe smoking is the most common type of tobacco used among Iranian women. The aim of this study was to explain women’s perceptions of their intention for quitting water-pipe smoking based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: The study was a qualitative content analysis which was carried out over four months in 2016 in Tehran-Iran. The participants were 26 women ages 18 to 45-years-old who smoked water-pipe and were selected through snowball sampling. The study was performed in hookah cafes, parks, and homes. The data were collected through individual interviews. The interviews were open-ended questions based on the theory of planned behavior. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Findings showed that the women did not intend to quit water-pipe in that time. Main contributing factors influencing not having intention of cessation were positive attitude and false beliefs toward hookah smoking, as well as having peers and family members who smoked WP or approved its use. Although most females realized the obstacles associated with hookah cessation, they believed that quitting WP smoking was up to them and could control more barriers. Conclusion: Social pressure, positive attitude and false beliefs towards hookah smoking, as well as external and internal obstacles diminished women‘s intention for cessation. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the theory of planned behavior into behavior change interventions in order to increase the intention to quit water-pipe smoking.

Download Full-text

Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Iranian women: A qualitative directed content analysis

10.21203/rs.2.16595/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Sabzmakan ◽

Fatemeh Eslami ◽

Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽

Nkeonye Judith Izuka

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Water Pipe ◽

False Beliefs ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Directed Content Analysis ◽

Hookah Smoking

Abstract Background Water-pipe smoking is the most common type of tobacco used among Iranian women. The aim of this study was to explain women’s perceptions of their intention for quitting water-pipe smoking based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods The study was a qualitative content analysis which was carried out over four months in 2016 in Tehran-Iran. The participants were 26 women ages 18 to 45-years-old who smoked water-pipe and were selected through snowball sampling. The study was performed in hookah cafes, parks, and homes. The data were collected through individual interviews. The interviews were open-ended questions based on the theory of planned behavior. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Findings showed that women did not intend to quit water-pipe in that time. Main contributing factors influencing not having intention of cessation were positive attitude and false beliefs toward hookah smoking, as well as having peers and family members who smoked water-pipe or approved its use. Although most females realized the obstacles associated with hookah cessation, they believed that quitting water-pipe smoking was up to them and could control more barriers. Conclusion Social pressure, positive attitude and false beliefs towards hookah smoking, as well as external and internal obstacles diminished women ‘s intention for cessation. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the theory of planned behavior into behavior change interventions in order to increase the intention to quit water-pipe smoking.

Download Full-text

Intention to quit water pipe smoking among Iranian women: a qualitative directed content analysis

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-020-00922-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leila Sabzmakan ◽

Fatemeh Eslami ◽

Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh ◽

Nkeonye Judith Izuka

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Water Pipe ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Directed Content Analysis

Download Full-text

Narrative Identities and the Egalitarian Norm Among Hungarian Elite Couples

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x17741175 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 2107-2130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bernadett Csurgó ◽

Luca Kristóf

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Family Life ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Cultural Elite ◽

Underrepresentation Of Women ◽

And Gender ◽

Political Economic

Our article aims to study the attitudes of the elite to family life and gender equality. This is a social group who still experiences significant gender imbalances. We focus on attitudes to family life, which has thus far been underresearched in elite literature. With the help of the analysis of 34 individual interviews with members of the Hungarian political, economic, and cultural elite, we identify and present three types of narrative identities: dominant, deferential, and egalitarian. The main finding from our qualitative content analysis is that egalitarian partnership norms which were discussed in every narrative and gender equality appear in most cases as a norm among the elite. However, there is a narrative tension between this norm and the couples’ actual experiences of their family life. We conclude our article with some comments on how the ideology of egalitarian essentialism strengthens gender inequalities reinforcing the underrepresentation of women in elite positions.

Download Full-text

The Mental Health Crises of the Families of COVID-19 Victims: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35698/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

fateme mohammadi ◽

Khodayar Oshvandi ◽

Farshid Shamsaei ◽

Fateme Cheraghi ◽

mostafa bijani

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

The Future ◽

Data Saturation

Abstract Background: The bereaved families of COVID-19 victims are among the most vulnerable social groups in the COVID-19 pandemic. This highly infectious and contagious disease has afflicted these families with numerous psychological crises which have not been studied much yet. The present study is an attempt at investigating the psychological challenges and issues which the families of COVID-19 victims are faced with. The present study aims to identify the Mental Health crises which the families of COVID-19 deceased victims are going through.Methods: A qualitative research, the present study uses a conventional content analysis design. The participants were 16 members of the families of COVID-19 victims selected from medical centers in Iran from February to May 2020 via purposeful sampling. Sampling continued to the point of data saturation Data were collected via semi-structured individual interviews conducted online. The collected data were analyzed according to the conventional qualitative content analysis approach.Results: Analyses of the data yielded two main themes—emotional shock and fear of the future—with nine categories. Conclusion: The families of COVID-19 deceased victims are affected by various psychological crises which have exposed them to a deep sense of loss and emotional shock. In addition, the instability in the family following the loss of a family member and job insecurity due to the COVID crisis have caused them to be very worried about the future. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultural context which recognizes and supports all the various aspects of the mental health of these families.

Download Full-text

Perceived Barriers to Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women: A Qualitative Content Analysis

International Journal of Cancer Management ◽

10.5812/ijcm.101467 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Hossaini ◽

Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari ◽

Hamid Soori ◽

Ali Ramezankhani

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Early Detection ◽

Health Services ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Cancer Data

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among Iranian women. The early diagnosis of this disease can decrease the mortality rate and promote patient survival. Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the barriers to early detection of breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods: In this qualitative study, which was extracted from a large research project, an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was used, and conventional content analysis was carried out. Twenty-one participants were selected by purposeful sampling (ten health professionals and 11 female patients with breast cancer). Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews from July 2018 to June 2019. Results: The content analysis revealed three major themes related to delay in presentation: individual barriers (limited/lack of knowledge, other life preferences, negative reactions to the disease, and belief in fate), environmental barriers (insufficient social support, inaccurate information sources, and alternative therapy recommendations), and organizational barriers (poor quality of health services, inadequate access to health services, and role of media in informing people). Conclusions: Various perceived barriers, at different levels, play influential roles in the patients’ early detection. Therefore, collaboration between public health professionals, healthcare providers, and policymakers seems necessary for reducing delays in presentation among women.

Download Full-text

Qualitative exploration of the factors influencing the use of dietary supplements in Iranian women: introduction to areas of focus for developing interventions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96331/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akramsadat Hoseini ◽

Tahereh Dehdari ◽

Mahnaz Solhi ◽

Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh ◽

Leila Janani

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Data Saturation ◽

History Of ◽

Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background: Literature shows that the consumption of Dietary Supplements (DS) is more common in Iran. This study aimed to explore the experiences of a sample of Iranian women regarding the factors influencing the use of DS.Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted in Qods city, Tehran province, Iran from January to March 2020. Forty-two semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed with women. The participants were asked about their experiences about the determinants of the consumption of DS. After the first round of the interviews was done, we performed content analysis of the data and continued up to data saturation.Results: Two main themes including personal factors (with 5 subthemes including sociodemographic characteristics, perceived benefits of DS, history of illness, physiological conditions, and lifestyle factors) and socio-economic factors (with 3 subthemes including subjective norms, the price of food and commercial considerations of the sectors involved in the production and sale of DS) emerged as the experiences of the participants as to the intake of DS.Conclusions: These variables may suggest areas which need to be focused on for performing more effective interventions to affect appropriate consumption of DS in Iran.

Download Full-text

A Study of Nurses’ Stress Management in Facing and Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Content Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-970198/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahboobeh Hosseini Moghaddam ◽

Zinat Mohebbi ◽

Banafsheh Tehranineshat

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Stress Management ◽

Personal Growth ◽

Professional Growth ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

The Face ◽

Qualitative Descriptive

Abstract Background Being in the frontline of the battle against COVID-19, nurses need to be capable of stress management to maintain their physical and psychological well-being in the face of a variety of stressors. The present study aims to explore the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of stress management in nurses who face and provide care to COVID-19 patients. Methods The present study is a qualitative descriptive work that was conducted in teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from June 2020 to March 2021. Fourteen nurses who were in practice in units assigned to COVID-19 patients were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews conducted online. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 according to the conventional content analysis method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. Results The data collected in the interviews resulted in 14 subcategories under 4 main categories: providing care with uncertainty and anxiety, facing psychological and mental tension, creating a context for support, and experiencing personal-professional growth. Conclusions Despite their concern over contracting the infection and transmitting it to their families, nurses feel compelled to provide professional care to patients under all circumstances. Work overload and working in exhausting conditions lead to nurses’ physical and psychological burnout, thus their need for the support of authorities and their families. Based on the nurses’ experiences, the primary outcomes of caring for COVID-19 patients are personal growth and professional empowerment.

Download Full-text

Explaining the experiences, challenges and adaptation strategies of nurses in caring for patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study in Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-100575/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Fahim Irandoost ◽

Javad Yoosefi Lebni ◽

Hossein Safari ◽

Farhad Khoram ◽

Sina Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Work Environment ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Structured Interviews

Abstract Background: Nurses as the main human resource in coping with COVID-19 face many challenges and problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the experiences, challenges, and adaptation strategies of nurses in taking care of patients with COVID-19 with a qualitative approach.Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative conventional content analysis approach among 30 nurses working in wards for COVID-19 patients, in Tehran hospitals. Access to participants and data collection was done through purposive sampling, snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis (conventional) and MAXQDA-18 software. Guba and Lincoln criteria were observed to evaluate the quality of research results.Results: From data analysis, 2 main categories and 16 subcategories were obtained, including (1) experiences and challenges (lack of protective equipment, high work pressure, marginalized physical health, problems related to the use of protective equipment, getting excluded, lack of supportive work environment, problems related to patients, psychological problems, fear, marginalized personal and family life and the challenge of communication with patients' families) (2) Strategies for adapting to working conditions (performing religious-spiritual activities, creating an empathetic atmosphere in the workplace, spiritualizing their work , trying to convince the family and gain their support, strengthening sense of self-worth and responsibility).Conclusion: The working conditions for nurses can be improved through providing adequate protective equipment, providing a suitable work environment and more social and financial support, more attention to the physical and mental health of nurses and considering appropriate mechanisms for nurses to communicate with their families and patients' families.

Download Full-text