scholarly journals Comparison of the touch-screen and traditional versions of the Corsi block-tapping test in patients with psychosis and healthy controls.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Siddi ◽  
Antonio Preti ◽  
Elvira Lara ◽  
Gildas Brébion ◽  
Regina Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Digital Version ◽  
Significant Effort ◽  
Corsi Test

Abstract Working memory (WM) refers to the capacity system for temporary storage and processing of information, which is known to depend on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex. Impairment in working memory is a core cognitive deficit among individuals with psychotic disorders. The Corsi block-tapping test is a widely used instrument to assess visuospatial working memory. The traditional version is composed of 9 square blocks positioned on a physical board. In recent years, the number of digital instruments has increased significantly; several advantages might derive from the use of a digital version of the Corsi test. This study aimed to compare the digital and traditional versions of the Corsi test in 45 patients with psychotic disorders and 45 healthy controls. Both groups completed a neuropsychological assessment involving attention and working memory divided into two conditions. Results were consistent between the traditional and digital versions of the Corsi test. Overall, patients performed worse relative to the healthy comparison group. The traditional Corsi test was positively related to intelligence and verbal working memory, probably due to a more significant effort to execute the test. The digital version is able to discriminate between patients with psychosis and healthy controls. It would be of use in determining who is at risk of developing a psychotic disorder, and in those already with psychosis, it might provide a prognostic marker for future functional outcome. Further, it is easy to administer while ensuring a standard procedure.

Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke van Ewijk ◽  
Wouter D. Weeda ◽  
Dirk J. Heslenfeld ◽  
Marjolein Luman ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals MEMORIA DE TRABAJO EN NIÑOS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL CON Y SIN BAJO RENDIMIENTO MATEMÁTICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
M.J Presentación ◽  
Rebeca Siegenthaler ◽  
V. Pinto ◽  
Jesica Mercader ◽  
C. Colomer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Mathematical Performance ◽  
Los Grupos

Abstract:This study aims to explore working memory in preschool children with and without low mathematical performance. The sample consisted of 255 children aged 5-6 years, to whom were administered neuropsychological tests of working memory and TEDI-MATH to estimate the mathematical performance. The results highlight the capacity of verbal working memory to significantly differentiate groups of children with and without problems in 8 of the 9 analyzed mathematical domains. This factor together with visuospatial working memory differentiate the group of children at risk for mathematical learning disabilities.Keywords: working memory, preschool, math performance, mathematics learning disabilitiesResumen:Este estudio se propone analizar la memoria de trabajo en niños de Educación Infantil con y sin bajo rendimiento matemático. La muestra estaba compuesta de 255 niños de 5 a 6 años, a los que se les aplicó pruebas neuropsicológicas de memoria de trabajo y el TEDI-MATH para estimar el rendimiento matemático. Los resultados destacan la capacidad de la memoria de trabajo verbal para diferenciar significativamente los grupos de niños con y sin dificultades en 8 de los 9 dominios matemáticos analizados. Este mismo factor junto con la memoria de trabajo viso-espacial estática diferencian al grupo de niños con riesgo de aprendizaje de las matemáticas.Palabras clave: memoria de trabajo, Educación Infantil, rendimiento matemático, dificultades de aprendizaje de las matemáticas.

scholarly journals Visuospatial working memory and the construction of a spatial situation model in listening comprehension: An examination using a spatial tapping task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Lin ◽  
Norio Matsumi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Situation Model ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Concurrent Task ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Dual Task Performance

AbstractThe present study investigated how visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is involved in the construction of a spatial situation model for spatial passages presented auditorily. A simple spatial tapping condition, a complex tapping condition as a target-tracking task, and a control condition, were used to analyze the role of VSWM. To understand how individuals who differ in verbal working memory (VWM) capacity (determined with a listening span test) process spatial text during dual-task performance, individual differences in VWM capacity were analyzed. In two experiments, the participants listened to a spatial text at the same time as performing a spatial concurrent task or no concurrent task. The results of the free recall test in Experiment 1 showed that there were no differences between the tapping conditions in the high VWM capacity group; the low VWM capacity group had a lower performance in both spatial tapping tasks compared to the control condition. The results of the map drawing test in Experiment 2 showed that complex spatial tapping impaired performance in comparison to simple spatial tapping and the control condition in the high VWM capacity group; in the low VWM capacity group, both spatial tapping tasks impaired recall performance. In addition, the participants with high VWM capacity demonstrated better performance. Overall, the results suggest that individuals with high VWM capacity have more resources to process verbal and spatial information than those with low VWM capacity, indicating that VWM capacity is related to the degree of the involvement of VSWM.

scholarly journals Childhood Trauma and Neurocognition in Adults With Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Vargas ◽  
Phoebe H Lam ◽  
Matilda Azis ◽  
K Juston Osborne ◽  
Amy Lieberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Memory And Attention

Abstract Background Characterizing the link between childhood trauma and adult neurocognitive function in psychosis is crucial for improving the fields understanding of how early environmental risk factors impact the presentation of the disorder. To date, the literature has been inconsistent: meta-analytic synthesis is lacking, and it is unclear whether specific cognitive functions are affected. Methods A meta-analysis was performed on a total of 3315 subjects with a psychotic disorder. The links between childhood trauma, overall neurocognitive function, and four cognitive subdomains (working memory, executive function, verbal/visual memory, and attention/processing speed) were examined. Relevant sample characteristics and methodological moderators were tested. The strength of the association between trauma and overall neurocognition in individuals with psychotic disorders was also compared to that of healthy controls. Results Among individuals with psychotic disorders, there was a significant association between overall cognition and childhood trauma, r = −.055; 95% CI = −0.09, −0.02, P = .002. There was also a modest, negative relationship between childhood trauma and working memory, r = −.091; 95% CI = −0.15, −0.03, P = .002. Moderators did not have a significant effect on these analyses. Further, the association between childhood trauma and neurocognition was significantly stronger in healthy controls compared to patients with a psychotic disorder. Conclusion A small negative association was found between overall cognition and childhood trauma in individuals with psychotic disorders. Results suggest the association is less strong for individuals with a psychotic disorder compared to healthy populations. Findings are informative for prominent etiological models of psychosis.

scholarly journals Working memory networks and activation patterns in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: comparison with healthy controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lycke Brandt ◽  
Tom Eichele ◽  
Ingrid Melle ◽  
Kjetil Sundet ◽  
Andrés Server ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Patient Groups

BackgroundSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe mental disorders with overlapping genetic and clinical characteristics, including cognitive impairments. An important question is whether these disorders also have overlapping neuronal deficits.AimsTo determine whether large-scale brain networks associated with working memory, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are the same in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and how they differ from those in healthy individuals.MethodPatients with schizophrenia (n = 100) and bipolar disorder (n = 100) and a healthy control group (n = 100) performed a 2-back working memory task while fMRI data were acquired. The imaging data were analysed using independent component analysis to extract large-scale networks of task-related activations.ResultsSimilar working memory networks were activated in all groups. However, in three out of nine networks related to the experimental task there was a graded response difference in fMRI signal amplitudes, where patients with schizophrenia showed greater activation than those with bipolar disorder, who in turn showed more activation than healthy controls. Secondary analysis of the patient groups showed that these activation patterns were associated with history of psychosis and current elevated mood in bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThe same brain networks were related to working memory in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and controls. However, some key networks showed a graded hyperactivation in the two patient groups, in line with a continuum of neuronal abnormalities across psychotic disorders.

Verbal working memory in HIV-seropositive drug users

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROXANNA FARINPOUR ◽  
EILEEN M. MARTIN ◽  
MICHAEL SEIDENBERG ◽  
DAVID L. PITRAK ◽  
KENNETH J. PURSELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Recent evidence suggests that HIV-seropositive drug users are impaired on tasks of visuospatial working memory compared with drug users seronegative for HIV. In the current study we evaluated the performance of 30 HIV-seropositive male drug users and 30 risk-matched seronegative controls on two measures of verbal working memory, the Listening Span and the verbal Self Ordered Pointing Task. Impaired working memory performance was significantly more common among HIV-seropositive persons compared to controls, with the highest incidence of deficit among symptomatic participants. These findings indicate that working memory deficits in persons with HIV are not domain-specific and can be demonstrated reliably in drug users. (JINS, 2000, 6, 548–555.)

scholarly journals Polygenic scores for schizophrenia and general cognitive ability: associations with six cognitive domains, premorbid intelligence, and cognitive composite score in individuals with a psychotic disorder and in healthy controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Johan Engen ◽  
Siv Hege Lyngstad ◽  
Torill Ueland ◽  
Carmen Elisabeth Simonsen ◽  
Anja Vaskinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Polygenic Scores

AbstractCognitive impairments are considered core features in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Cognitive impairments are, to a lesser degree, also documented in healthy first-degree relatives. Although recent studies have shown (negative) genetic correlations between schizophrenia and general cognitive ability, the association between polygenic risk for schizophrenia and individual cognitive phenotypes remains unclear. We here investigated the association between a polygenic score for schizophrenia (SCZPGS) and six well-defined cognitive domains, in addition to a composite measure of cognitive ability and a measure of premorbid intellectual ability in 731 participants with a psychotic disorder and 851 healthy controls. We also investigated the association between a PGS for general cognitive ability (COGPGS) and the same cognitive domains in the same sample. We found no significant associations between the SCZPGS and any cognitive phenotypes, in either patients with a psychotic disorder or healthy controls. For COGPGS we observed stronger associations with cognitive phenotypes in healthy controls than in participants with psychotic disorders. In healthy controls, the association between COGPGS (at the p value threshold of ≥0.01) and working memory remained significant after Bonferroni correction (β = 0.12, p = 8.6 × 10−5). Altogether, the lack of associations between SCZPGS and COGPGS with cognitive performance in participants with psychotic disorders suggests that either environmental factors or unassessed genetic factors play a role in the development of cognitive impairments in psychotic disorders. Working memory should be further studied as an important cognitive phenotype.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairments of Children with SevereArithmetic Difficulties: Cognitive Deficit orDevelopmental Lag?

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek H Berg
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Matched Design

An age-matched/achievement-matched design was utilized to examine the cognitive functioning of children with severe arithmetic difficulties. A battery of cognitive tasks was administered to three groups of elementary aged children: 20 children with severe arithmetic difficulties (SAD), 20 children matched in age (CAM) to the children with SAD, and 20 younger children matched in arithmetic achievement (AAM) to the children with SAD. Measures were related to processing speed, short-term memory, verbal working memory, and visual-spatial working memory. Results suggest three important fi ndings. First, in contrast to previous studies, children with SAD did not show a processing speed impairment. Second, children with SAD were impaired in short-term memory for numerical and non-numerical information. And third, while children with SAD displayed working memory impairments, these impairments were not uniform within verbal working memory or visualspatial working memory. Taken together, findings indicate that previous studies that have reported differences between children with SAD and their normally achieving peers might have overestimated or mischaracterized the differential cognitive functioning of these groups. Results are discussed within a framework that views the cognitive functioning impairments of children with SAD as representative of a developmental lag rather than a cognitive deficit.

Impaired working memory and normal sustained attention in borderline personality disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Lazzaretti ◽  
Niccolò Morandotti ◽  
Michela Sala ◽  
Miriam Isola ◽  
Sophia Frangou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Lazzaretti M, Morandotti N, Sala M, Isola M, Frangou S, De Vidovich G, Marraffini E, Gambini F, Barale F, Zappoli F, Caverzasi E, Brambilla P. Impaired working memory and normal sustained attention in borderline personality disorder.Objective: Although reports in the literature describe deficits in working memory in borderline personality disorder (BPD), the evidence is limited and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate further this cognitive dimension and its clinical correlates in BPD.Method: We compared the performance of 15 BPD patients to 1:1 matched healthy controls on verbal working memory as determined by the sequential letter N-back test and sustained attention as measured using the continuous performance test (CPT).Results: BPD patients performed significantly worse on the N-back test compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05), but not on the CPT. The N-back deficit was more pronounced and significant in the 3-back condition and inversely correlated with impulsivity.Conclusions: These results suggest the presence of working memory deficits in BPD that may be linked to greater impulsivity and sustained by impairment in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Spatial working memory ability is a marker of risk-for-psychosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. WOOD ◽  
C. PANTELIS ◽  
T. PROFFITT ◽  
L. J. PHILLIPS ◽  
G. W. STUART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Matching To Sample ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Working memory has been identified as a core cognitive deficit in schizophrenia that is associated with negative symptoms, but it is unclear whether it is impaired prior to onset of psychosis in symptomatic patients.Method. Thirty-eight young people at ultra high-risk (UHR) of developing psychosis (of whom nine later became psychotic) were compared with 49 healthy controls on tests of spatial working memory (SWM) and delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS).Results. Both SWM and DMTS performance was significantly poorer in the UHR groups. Those who later became psychotic generally performed more poorly than those who did not, although this did not reach significance for any measure. A significant association between SWM errors and negative symptoms was seen in the later-psychotic group only (P=0·02).Conclusions. Spatial working memory abilities are impaired in those at high-risk for psychosis. The relationship between working memory and negative symptoms may be useful as a predictive tool.

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