scholarly journals Development of A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses (AGReMA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Gregory Cashin ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Sarah E Lamb ◽  
Sally Hopewell ◽  
Steven J Kamper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Third Stage

Abstract Background There are a growing number of studies using mediation analysis to understand the mechanisms of health interventions and exposures. Recent work has shown that the reporting of these studies is heterogenous and incomplete. This problem stifles clinical application, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis. This paper describes the processes and methods that will be used to develop a guideline for reporting studies of mediation analyses (AGReMA). Methods/Design AGReMA will be developed over five overlapping stages. Stage one will comprise a systematic review to examine relevant evidence on the quality of reporting in published studies that use mediation analysis. In the second stage we will consult a group of methodologists and applied researchers by using a Delphi process to identify items that should be considered for inclusion in AGReMA. The third stage will involve a consensus meeting to consolidate and prioritise key items to be included in AGReMA. The fourth stage will involve production of AGReMA and an accompanying explanation and elaboration document. In the final stage we will disseminate the AGReMA statement via journals, conferences, and professional meetings across multiple disciplines. Discussion The development and implementation of AGReMA will improve the standardization, transparency, and completeness in the reporting of studies that use mediation analysis to understand the mechanisms of health interventions and exposures.

scholarly journals Development of A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses (AGReMA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G Cashin(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Sarah E Lamb ◽  
Sally Hopewell ◽  
Steven J Kamper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Third Stage

Abstract Background There are a growing number of studies using mediation analysis to understand the mechanisms of health interventions and exposures. Recent work has shown that the reporting of these studies is heterogenous and incomplete. This problem stifles clinical application, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis. This paper describes the processes and methods that will be used to develop a guideline for reporting studies of mediation analyses (AGReMA). Methods/Design AGReMA will be developed over five overlapping stages. Stage one will comprise a systematic review to examine relevant evidence on the quality of reporting in published studies that use mediation analysis. In the second stage we will consult a group of methodologists and applied researchers by using a Delphi process to identify items that should be considered for inclusion in AGReMA. The third stage will involve a consensus meeting to consolidate and prioritise key items to be included in AGReMA. The fourth stage will involve production of AGReMA and an accompanying explanation and elaboration document. In the final stage we will disseminate the AGReMA statement via journals, conferences, and professional meetings across multiple disciplines. Discussion The development and implementation of AGReMA will improve the standardization, transparency, and completeness in the reporting of studies that use mediation analysis to understand the mechanisms of health interventions and exposures.

scholarly journals Development of A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses (AGReMA)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Gregory Cashin ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Sarah E Lamb ◽  
Sally Hopewell ◽  
Steven J Kamper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Third Stage

Abstract Background There are a growing number of studies using mediation analysis to understand the mechanisms of health interventions and exposures. Recent work has shown that the reporting of these studies is heterogenous and incomplete. This problem stifles clinical application, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis. This paper describes the processes and methods that will be used to develop a guideline for reporting studies of mediation analyses (AGReMA).Methods/Design AGReMA will be developed over five overlapping stages. Stage one will comprise a systematic review to examine relevant evidence on the quality of reporting in published studies that use mediation analysis. In the second stage we will consult a group of methodologists and applied researchers by using a Delphi process to identify items that should be considered for inclusion in AGReMA. The third stage will involve a consensus meeting to consolidate and prioritise key items to be included in AGReMA. The fourth stage will involve production of AGReMA and an accompanying explanation and elaboration document. In the final stage we will disseminate the AGReMA statement via journals, conferences, and professional meetings across multiple disciplines.Discussion The development and implementation of AGReMA will improve the standardization, transparency, and completeness in the reporting of studies that use mediation analysis to understand the mechanisms of health interventions and exposures.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Blog about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate and Hearing

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 060-067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Maximino ◽  
Ticiana Zambonato ◽  
Mirela Picolini-Pereira ◽  
Camila Castro Corrêa ◽  
Mariza Feniman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction Cleft lip and cleft palate can result in impairments in communication, specifically in hearing, making the use of technological resources such as blogs a fundamental guideline for health professionals. Objective The aim of this study was to prepare and analyze the access to a blog about cleft lip and cleft palate and hearing as a pedagogical tool for health professionals. Methods The first stage for the development of the blog was the selection of the content that would be addressed and the respective illustrations. The second stage was making the blog available through the WordPress platform, and the third stage included the evaluation of the blog, of the access to the WordPress statistical features, and of the quality of the blog through the Emory questionnaire, which was answered by 75 professionals. Results The blog, titled “Fissure and Hearing”, was developed with the architecture of a digital information environment containing a system of organization, navigation, labeling and search (first stage). The address hosting the blog was: http://fissuraeaudicao.wordpress.com (second stage). The result of the third stage included 56,269 views of the blog from different countries, and Brazil was the country with the highest viewing. Regarding the assessment by the Emory questionnaire, we found that for most of the major issues, the percentages obtained were or equal to 90%, while the analysis of the scales, navigation and structure presented the lowest scores. Conclusion The blog was developed and enabled greater access to information available on the web about cleft lip and cleft palate and hearing.

scholarly journals Image Processing in Contact Endurance Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kirichek ◽  
Sergey Barinov ◽  
Aleksandr Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Accessible Method ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Machine Parts

Machine parts operating under contact cyclic loads are subject to a destruction risk in the event of their working surface pitting (destruction). To increase the service life of such parts, various finishing and hardening technologies are used. In the absence of standard methods used to assess the durability of parts operating under contact endurance conditions, they have should be developed in relation to a specific case. The fractal geometry methods' usage in analyzing the surface layer state of parts operating under contact endurance conditions is complicated due to high equipment cost and fine and coarse noise high risk, which negatively affects the quality of generated images. The aim of the work is to develop a simple and accessible method for evaluating the results of contact endurance tests, based on the analysis of the investigated surface images. The developed patented technique consists of several stages. At the first stage, high-resolution photographing of the surface under investigation is performed using a microscope, providing magnification of no more than 1 ? 50. At the second stage, the obtained image is analyzed in the cad editor, where the number and area of the investigated defects are determined. At the third stage, wear result numerical assessment is carried out according to the proposed algorithm.

A New Axial Upsetting Process for Large Ingots with Large Ratio of Height to Diameter

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2684-2690
Author(s):  
Jian Lan ◽  
Cheng Ding Li ◽  
Yu Long Qiu ◽  
Lin Hua
Keyword(s):  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Large Ratio ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Deformation Inhomogeneity ◽  
Casting Porosity ◽  
Stress And Strain Distribution ◽  
Cracking Tendency

To remove casting porosity and obtain smaller crystal grains, many large forgings need ingots to be upset axially with large ratio of height to diameter (H/D) greater than 3. But the ingots with large H/D are prone to buckling during upsetting process, and have non-uniform internal stress and strain distribution, cracks at barreling and other defects. A new axial upsetting process was proposed to handle these problems. Firstly, the research described deformation inhomogeneity and cracking tendency, and analyzed the causes of defects in the flat anvil upsetting process. Secondly, three two-stage upsetting processes were tried to improve the uneven deformation in the flat anvil upsetting, which applied symmetrical spherical convex die, conical convex die and multi-line sweeping concave die respectively in the first stage, and used flat anvils in the second stage. The effect of the die surfaces on constraining those defects was analyzed. Finally, three three-stage upsetting processes were suggested to take advantages of different die surfaces to stabilize the process. It was observed that the upsetting had better result from using conical convex die and multi-line sweeping concave die in the first stage, conical convex die and flat anvil in the second stage, two flat anvils in the third stage. The new axial upsetting process could improve the quality of the large forgings with more uniform deformation and less barreling.

scholarly journals Features of Depressed Mood of Cancer Patients at Different Stages of the Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Lutoshliva ◽  
Ekaterina Vorobyeva ◽  
Gulnara Turganova
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Future

It is identified that the depressed mood of cancer patients is one of natural responses to the disease. However, it can considerably reduce motivation to the treatment, overcoming the illness, increase the risk of suicidal behavior and in general worsen the quality of their life. Manifestations of the depressed mood of cancer patients are similar to manifestations of the depressed mood of the patients having chronic or deadly diseases. However, there are features which depend on some factors, the most important of which is the disease stage. The results obtained allow to draw a conclusion that the features of the depressed mood at the second stage of the disease are connected with acceptation of the diagnosis and can manifest in the feeling of a punishment expectation, loss of interests in previous hobbies and communication restrictions; the features of a depressed mood at the third stage are determined by the disease dynamics and the further forecast, and can manifest in the analysis of the previous mistakes, absence of of hopes for the future, disgust for themselves and feeling of uselessness.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

How well do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Hogg ◽  
Pamela Charlotte Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Voice

The first stage of this project aims to identify assessment measures which include items on voice-hearing by way of a systematic review. The second stage is the development of a brief framework of categories of positive experiences of voice hearing, using a triangulated approach, drawing on views from both professionals and people with lived experience. The third stage will involve using the framework to identify any positve aspects of voice-hearing included in the voice hearing assessments identified in stage 1.

scholarly journals Digital health interventions in palliative care: a systematic meta-review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Finucane ◽  
Hannah O’Donnell ◽  
Jean Lugton ◽  
Tilly Gibson-Watt ◽  
Connie Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Meta Review

AbstractDigital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to improve the accessibility and effectiveness of palliative care but heterogeneity amongst existing systematic reviews presents a challenge for evidence synthesis. This meta-review applied a structured search of ten databases from 2006 to 2020, revealing 21 relevant systematic reviews, encompassing 332 publications. Interventions delivered via videoconferencing (17%), electronic healthcare records (16%) and phone (13%) were most frequently described in studies within reviews. DHIs were typically used in palliative care for education (20%), symptom management (15%), decision-making (13%), information provision or management (13%) and communication (9%). Across all reviews, mostly positive impacts were reported on education, information sharing, decision-making, communication and costs. Impacts on quality of life and physical and psychological symptoms were inconclusive. Applying AMSTAR 2 criteria, most reviews were judged as low quality as they lacked a protocol or did not consider risk of bias, so findings need to be interpreted with caution.

Reconstruction of Tragus and External Auditory Meatus using Remnant Auricle during Microtia Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Yi-gao Hu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Thin Skin

AbstractThis article investigates an effective method with which to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus for microtia reconstruction. The external ear was reconstructed using a delayed postauricular skin flap in patients with congenital microtia. After the first stage of delaying the postauricular skin flap and the second stage of otoplasty with ear framework fabricated from autogenous rib cartilage draping with the delayed skin flap, the third stage involved tragus and external auditory meatus canaloplasty. After designing the remnant auricle flap, the lower part was trimmed and the tragus was reconstructed. The upper part was trimmed into a thin skin flap, which was rotated and used to cover the hollowed wound posterosuperior to the tragus so as to mimic the external auditory meatus. If remnant wounds were present, skin grafting was conducted. In total, 121 patients with congenital microtia were treated from March 2010 to March 2016. The reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus were well formed, and all wounds healed well. No severe complications such as flap necrosis occurred. Six months postoperatively, the morphology of the reconstructed tragus and external auditory meatus was good. Overall, the patients and their families were satisfied. The use of remnant auricle to reconstruct the tragus and external auditory meatus is an effective auricular reconstruction technique.

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