Physiological mechanism of enhancing salinity tolerance of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Abstract Background and AimsThe protective effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on salt-stressed crop plants had been well studied. However, the physiological mechanism of AMF in mitigating adverse impact caused by salinity stress in different tissues of woody plants is not clear. Gleditsia sinensis Lam. is a valuable tree species with various phamaceutical uses; however, high soil NaCl concentration limits its growth in saline soil including coastal areas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AMF on G. sinensis salinity tolerance and reveal its underlying physiological mechanism.MethodsA greenhouse experiment was performed. G. sinensis seedlings with and without AMF inoculation were subjected to four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). After 2 months, the seedlings were harvested and analyzed for growth and biochemical parameters.ResultsHigh AMF colonization rates (over 95%) and high mycorrhizal dependency (over 75%) were observed across all NaCl levels, and AMF-inoculated plants presented significantly higher aboveground and below ground growth than non-inoculated plants. AMF effectively enhanced the salinity tolerance of G. sinensis seedlings by enhancing leaf gas exchanges inducing higher leaf net photosynthetic rates; improving peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities resulting in higher membrane stability indexes and lower malondialdehyde contents in leaves and roots; increasing P uptake and P/N ratio to mitigate P-limited biomass products; selectively absorbing less Na + and more Ca 2+ in their tissues to alleviate ion toxicity and maintain more favorable ion balances (e.g., K + /Na + ) in their tissues.ConclusionsThe results suggested the feasibility of using AMF to improve salinity tolerance as well as afforestation and rehabilitation of G. sinensis in coastal areas.

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Improving salinity tolerance of Acacia saligna (Labill.) plant by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium inoculation

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb11.2287 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1259-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sh Soliman Amira ◽

T Shanan Nermeen ◽

N Massoud Osama ◽

Swelim D M

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Acacia Saligna ◽

Rhizobium Inoculation

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Dual Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Solubilizing Fungi Synergistically Enhances the Mobilization and Plant Uptake of Phosphorus From Meat and Bone Meal

Frontiers in Soil Science ◽

10.3389/fsoil.2021.757839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Bhupinder Singh Jatana ◽

Christopher Kitchens ◽

Christopher Ray ◽

Patrick Gerard ◽

Nishanth Tharayil

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

P Mobilization

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important mineral nutrient for plant growth and plays a vital role in maintaining global food security. The natural phosphorus reserves [phosphate rock (PR)] are declining at an unprecedented rate, which will threaten the sustainable food supply in near future. Rendered animal byproducts such as meat and bone meal (MBM), could serve as a sustainable alternative to meet crop phosphorus demand. Even though nitrogen (N) from MBM is readily mineralized within a few days, >75% of the P in MBM is present as calcium phosphate that is sparingly available to plants. Thus, application of MBM with the aim of meeting crop N demand could result in buildup of P reserves in soil, which necessitates the need to improve the P mobilization from MBM to achieve higher plant P use efficiency. Here, we tested the potential of two microbial inoculum-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and P solubilizing fungi (Penicillium bilaiae), in improving the mobilization of P from MBM and the subsequent P uptake by maize (Zea mays). Compared to the non-inoculated MBM control, the application of P. bilaiae increased the P mobilization from MBM by more than two-fold and decreased the content of calcium bound P in the soil by 26%. However, despite this mobilization, P. bilaiae did not increase the tissue content of P in maize. On the other hand, AMF inoculation with MBM increased the plant root, shoot biomass, and plant P uptake as compared to non-inoculated control, but did not decrease the calcium bound P fraction of the soil, indicating there was limited P mobilization. The simultaneous application of both AMF and P. bilaiae in association with MBM resulted in the highest tissue P uptake of maize with a concomitant decrease in the calcium bound P in the soil, indicating the complementary functional traits of AMF and P. bilaiae in plant P nutrition from MBM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation with MBM also increased the plant photosynthesis rate (27%) and root phosphomonoesterase activity (40%), which signifies the AMF associated regulation of plant physiology. Collectively, our results demonstrate that P mobilization and uptake efficiency from MBM could be improved with the combined use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and P. bilaiae.

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Sunflower response to inoculation with single and mixed species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Agronomic characteristics

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.113.2.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 321

Author(s):

Mazen IBRAHIM

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

The Impact

The impact of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was evaluated in a pot experiment. The indigenous AMF, including Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus viscosum, were isolated from an agricultural field in which cotton and sunflower plants were grown. The most abundant species (G. viscosum) was multiplied in a monospecific culture. Sunflower plants were inoculated with the mixture of three selected AMF species or solely with G. viscosum. The number of leaves, shoot length, head diameter, above ground biomass, and seeds mass were significantly higher in the plant inoculated with AMF mixture followed by individual inoculation with G. viscosum followed by the control. AMF mixture outperformed the G. viscosumby increasing mycorrhizal dependency and mycorrhizal inoculation effect of sunflower. The results indicate that AMF mixture could be considered as a good inoculum for improving growth and yield of sunflower in sustainable agriculture.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhances salinity tolerance ofPanicum turgidumForssk by altering photosynthetic and antioxidant pathways

Journal of Plant Interactions ◽

10.1080/17429145.2015.1052025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 230-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Abeer Hashem ◽

Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽

Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi ◽

Abdullah Aldubise ◽

Dilfuza Egamberdieva

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

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The community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural and revegetated coastal areas (Atlantic Forest) in northeastern Brazil

Biodiversity and Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10531-015-0968-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 2213-2226 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Danielle Karla Alves da Silva ◽

Flávia Paiva Coutinho ◽

Indra Elena Costa Escobar ◽

Renata Gomes de Souza ◽

Fritz Oehl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Northeastern Brazil

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Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-159 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

C. Plenchette ◽

C. Clermont-Dauphin ◽

J. M. Meynard ◽

J. A. Fortin

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Biological Interactions ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽

Conventional Agriculture

Market globalization, demographic pressure, and environmental degradation have led us to reconsider many of our current agricultural systems. The heavy use of chemical inputs, including fertilizers and pesticides, has resulted in pollution, decreased biodiversity in intensively-farmed regions, degradation of fragile agro-ecosystems, and prohibitive costs for many farmers. Low input sustainable cropping systems should replace conventional agriculture, but this requires a more comprehensive understanding of the biological interactions within agro-ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi appear to be the most important telluric organisms to consider. Mycorrhizae, which result from a symbiosis between these fungi and plant roots, are directly involved in plant mineral nutrition, the control of plant pathogens, and drought tolerance. Most horticultural and crop plants are symbiotic with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal literature is abundant, showing that stimulation of plant growth can be mainly attributed to improved phosphorous nutrition. Although the mycorrhizal potential of its symbiosis to improve crop production is widely recognized, it is not implemented in agricultural systems. There is an urgent need to improve and widely apply analytical methods to evaluate characteristics such as, relative field mycorrhizal dependency, soil mycorrhizal infectivity, and mycorrhizal receptivity of soil. Decreased use of fertilizers, pesticides, and tillage will favour arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, shifting from one system to a more sustainable one is not easy since all components of the cropping system are closely linked. Different cases, from actual agricultural practices in different countries, are analyzed to highlight situations in which mycorrhizae might or might not play a role in developing more sustainable agriculture. Key words: Cropping systems, mycorrhizae, sustainability, technical itineraries, rotation

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.664 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 664-669

Author(s):

En Wu ◽

Guo Rong Xin ◽

Kazuo Sugawara

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽

Ph Gradients ◽

Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽

Dactylis Glomerata L ◽

Positive Effect

With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.

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