Sunflower response to inoculation with single and mixed species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Agronomic characteristics

The impact of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was evaluated in a pot experiment. The indigenous AMF, including Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus viscosum, were isolated from an agricultural field in which cotton and sunflower plants were grown. The most abundant species (G. viscosum) was multiplied in a monospecific culture. Sunflower plants were inoculated with the mixture of three selected AMF species or solely with G. viscosum. The number of leaves, shoot length, head diameter, above ground biomass, and seeds mass were significantly higher in the plant inoculated with AMF mixture followed by individual inoculation with G. viscosum followed by the control. AMF mixture outperformed the G. viscosumby increasing mycorrhizal dependency and mycorrhizal inoculation effect of sunflower. The results indicate that AMF mixture could be considered as a good inoculum for improving growth and yield of sunflower in sustainable agriculture.

Download Full-text

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062010000400020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 1052-1061 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo Mergulhão ◽

Hélio Almeida Burity ◽

Bruno Tomio Goto ◽

Leonor Costa Maia

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Period ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Edaphic Conditions ◽

The Impact ◽

Glomus Sp

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of gypsum mining on the occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Soil samples were collected in the rainy and dry periods in four areas of a gypsum mine: native preserved "caatinga" (NC); mine vicinity (MS); reject area (RA); interface between the reject area and an area of "caatinga" degraded by mining (IN). Forty two plant species were identified in these areas; some were not found in both collection periods. Thirty six taxa of AMF were identified: 31 in the rainy and 31 in the dry period, with different species composition. Mining activity reduced diversity of plants and of AMF in the three mining areas when compared to NC. Plant similarity indexes were low between NC and the degraded areas. Similarity among AMF species was lower in the rainy period and between NC and the ones affected by mining. Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp.1 and Paraglomus occultum were the most common AMF, showing tolerance of edaphic conditions in the impacted areas. These species should be further tested in programs of revegetation of similar gypsum mining degraded areas.

Download Full-text

Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02949-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽

Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽

You-Cai Xiong ◽

Marian Brestic ◽

Milan Skalicky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Reverse Trend ◽

Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

Download Full-text

Community Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Roots ofPoncirus trifoliataandCitrus reticulataBased on SSU rDNA

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/562797 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Wang ◽

Yin Wang

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Spore Density ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Trifoliate Orange ◽

Hyphal Length

Morphological observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in rhizospheric soil could not accurately reflect the actual AMF colonizing status in roots, while molecular identification of indigenous AMF colonizing citrus rootstocks at present was rare in China. In our study, community of AMF colonizing trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliataL. Raf.) and red tangerine (Citrus reticulataBlanco) were analyzed based on small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes. Morphological observation showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, spore density, and hyphal length did not differ significantly between two rootstocks. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 173 screened AMF sequences clustered in at least 10 discrete groups (GLO1~GLO10), all belonging to the genus ofGlomusSensu Lato. Among them, GLO1 clade (clustering with uncultured Glomus) accounting for 54.43% clones was the most common in trifoliate orange roots, while GLO6 clade (clustering withGlomus intraradices) accounting for 35.00% clones was the most common in red tangerine roots. Although, Shannon-Wiener indices exhibited no notable differences between both rootstocks, relative proportions of observed clades analysis revealed that composition of AMF communities colonizing two rootstocks varied severely. The results indicated that native AMF species in citrus rhizosphere had diverse colonization potential between two different rootstocks in the present orchards.

Download Full-text

Response of Taxus times media var. densiformis to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x97-182 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

J N Gemma ◽

R E Koske ◽

E M Roberts ◽

S Hester

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Systems ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Mycorrhizal Plants

Rooted cuttings of Taxus times media var. densiformis Rehd. were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe or Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and grown for 9-15 months in a greenhouse. At the completion of the experiments, leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly more chlorophyll (1.3-4.1 times as much) than did noninoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal plants had root systems that were significantly larger (1.3-1.4 times) and longer (1.7-2.1 times) than nonmycorrhizal plants, and they possessed significantly more branch roots (1.3-2.9 times). No differences in stem diameter and height or shoot dry weight were evident at the end of the experiments, although the number of buds was significantly greater in the cuttings inoculated with G. intraradices after 15 months.

Download Full-text

Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, essential oil production and nutrient uptake in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/s1516-05722012000400018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 692-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.C. Arango ◽

M.F. Ruscitti ◽

M.G. Ronco ◽

J. Beltrano

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Essential Oil Production

This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices A4 and Glomus intraradices B1 and two phosphorus levels (10 and 40 mg kg-1) on root colonization, plant growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content in Mentha piperita L. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in 4x2 factorial arrangement, in completely randomized design. At sixty days after transplanting, the mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher fresh matter, dry matter and leaf area compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The inoculation increased P, K and Ca levels in the shoot which were higher under 40 mg P kg-1 of soil. Plants grown with 40 mg P kg-1 soil increased the essential oil yield per plant by about 40-50% compared to those cultivated with 10 mg P kg-1, regardless of the mycorrhizal treatment. Among the studied fungal species, inoculation with G. intraradices A4 and a high level of P significantly increased plant growth and essential oil yield, compared to the other studied mycorrhizal fungal species. In conclusion, inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into peppermint plants is a feasible alternative to increase the essential oil production and reduce the use of fertilizers required to obtain economic production of peppermint under phosphorus-deficient soil condition.

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE OF SOME LEGUMINOUS TREES AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD OF DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA -POIR

10.1101/2020.08.16.252908 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ezekiel Taiwo Afolayan

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dioscorea Rotundata ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Chlorophyll Contents

AbstractThis work compares the physiological and yield characteristics of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata – Poir) under Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation, green manures of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and other soil amendments. The experiment was conducted on the plot of land that had been overcropped, located at the back of the male Hostel, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The land was cleared and heaped at 1m x 1m apart. The experimental design employed was a complete randomized design in 5 replicates. The treatments were Glomus deserticola (GD), Glomus fasciculatum (GF), Gliricidia sepium (GS), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Poultry manure (PM) and NPK fertilizers. Soils were dug from the heaps, 20 g of the inoculums of AMF (GD/ GF) were poured into the dug hole, seeds were laid on it and covered with soil (for GD & GF treatments). Others were applied at one week after sprouting. Growth and yield Parameters were determined at harvest while relative water and chlorophyll contents were measured forth nightly from 10 weeks after treatment. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA while means were separated by Duncan multiple range test at P> 0.05. Results showed that growth, yield and physiological characters were enhanced in GD, GD+GF, GS and PM treated plants more than in inorganic fertilizers treated plants. There was a positive significant relationship between white yam’s growth, physiology and tuber yield. The study justifies the use of plant/animal manures and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in place of inorganic fertilizers.

Download Full-text

Impact of the Mixed Consortium of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the Growth and Yield of Rice (ORYZA SATIVA L.) under the system of Rice Intensification (SRI)

International Journal of Environment Agriculture and Biotechnology ◽

10.22161/ijeab/2.2.41 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 881-885

Author(s):

S. Merina PremKumari ◽

B.Jeberlin Prabina

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Rice Intensification

Download Full-text

Application of Humic Acid and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Increase Growth and Yields of Soybean in Ultisol

TERRA Journal of Land Restoration ◽

10.31186/terra.3.2.56-64 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 56-64

Author(s):

Rahayu Arraudah ◽

Yudhy Harini Bertham ◽

Hesti Pujiwati ◽

Bambang Gonggo Murcitro ◽

Entang Inoriah Sukarjo

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Block Design ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Two Factors ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Research Stage

Soybean is one of the most popular food crops for the community, but the needs for soybeans have not been fulfilled by soybean production. To meet the needs of soybeans, it is necessary to intensify agricultural land in Ultisol. This study aims to obtain the optimum concentration of humic acid and dosage of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to increase soybean plants' production in Ultisols. This research was conducted from January to April 2020 in Beringin Raya Village, Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City, at an altitude of 10 m above sea level. The research design used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors with three replications, arranged factorially in experimental units. The first factor is the concentration of humic acid, consisting of 4 levels: 0, 15, 30, and 45 mL L-1 . The second factor is the dose of AMF, consisted of 3 levels, namely: 0, 2.5, and 5 g plant-1. The results showed that the maximum soybean growth and yield in Ultisols were obtained from the humic acid concentration at 45 mL L-1 at the dose of AMF at 2.5 g plant-1 . The resulting production potential is 1.99 tons ha-1 . The administration of humic acid or AMF independently at this research stage had not yet given a maximum response to the growth and yield of soybean in Ultisol.

Download Full-text

Detection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Roots of Strawberry Plants Fertilized with Organic Bioproducts

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10032-012-0012-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Lisek ◽

Lidia Sas Paszt ◽

Beata Sumorok

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Reaction Products ◽

The Impact

Summary In organic farming, mineral fertilizers are replaced by various preparations to stimulate plant growth and development. Introduction of new biopreparations into horticultural production requires an assessment of their effects on the growth and yielding of plants. Among the important indicators of the impact on plants of beneficial microorganisms contained in bioproducts is determination of their effectiveness in stimulating the growth and yielding of plants. Moreover, confirmation of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the roots and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere is also necessary. In addition to conventional methods, molecular biology techniques are increasingly used to allow detection and identification of AM fungi in plant roots. The aim of this study was identification and initial taxonomic classification of AM fungi in the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants fertilized with various biopreparations using the technique of nested PCR. Tests were performed on DNA obtained from the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants: not fertilized, treated with 10 different biopreparations, or fertilized with NPK. Amplification of the large subunit of ribosomal gene (LSU rDNA) was carried out using universal primers, and then, in the nested PCR reaction, primers specific for the fungi of the genera Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora were used. Colonization of strawberry roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined on the basis of the presence of DNA fragments of a size corresponding to the types of the fungi tested for. As a result of the analyses, the most reaction products characterizing AM fungi were found in the roots of plants treated with the preparation Florovit Eko. The least fragments characteristic of AM fungi were detected in the roots of plants fertilized with NPK, which confirms the negative impact of mineral fertilizers on the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of strawberry plants. The roots of plants fertilized with Tytanit differed from the control plants by the presence of one of the clusters of fungi of the genus Glomus and by the absence of a cluster of fungi of the genus Scutellospora. In the roots of plants treated with other biopreparations there were reaction products indicating the presence of fungi of the genera Glomus, Scutellospora and Acaulospora, like in the roots of the control plants. The results will be used to assess the suitability of microbiologically enriched biopreparations in horticultural production.

Download Full-text