Commuting time and Sickness Absence: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Jiachun Liu ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Gender Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden ，which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of promoting the new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence effect as well as the potential transmission channel between them. Methods: Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, we apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the nexus between the commuting and sickness absence. To discuss the potential mechanism linking commuting and sickness absence in the context of China, the estimations of the impact of the commuting on health-related outcomes and work efforts are performed to confirm transmission channels of commute-absence effect by the OLS and Logit regression model. Results: The empirical results reveal that a longer commute has a positive effect on sickness absences, while it is still robust against several specifications. More importantly, the commuting-absence effect is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes of employees, whereas we cannot find evidence that the effect is transmitted through shirking behavior s. Additionally, the heterogeneous effects of commuting-absence are differentiated across Hukou status, gender, pattern of commuter travel, scale of cities and types of enterprises . Conclusion: The long commute induces to lower productivities through the sickness absence, that is, the longer journey from home to work is positively related with the increasing sickness absence, which keeps in consistency with previous studies. And the potential effect of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes.

scholarly journals Linkage between commuting time and sickness absence in the context of China: transmission channels and heterogeneous effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zicheng wang ◽  
Jiachun Liu ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time

Abstract Background Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden,which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between the commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence effect as well as the potential transmission channel between them. Methods Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, we apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the nexus between the commuting and sickness absence. To discuss the potential mechanism linking commuting and sickness absence in the context of China, the estimations of the commuting on health-related outcomes and work efforts are performed by the OLS and Logit regression to discuss the mechanism. Results The empirical results reveal that the commute has a positive effect on sickness absence, while it is still robust against several specifications. More importantly, the commuting-absence effect is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes of employees, whereas we find no clear evidence supporting the shirking behaviors. Additionally, the heterogeneous effects of commuting-absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprises. Conclusion The longer commute induces to lower productivities through the sickness absence, that is, the longer journey from home to work is positively related with the increasing sickness absence, which keeps in consistency with previous studies. And the potential effect of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes. Additionally, the impacts of commute time on sickness absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprise.

scholarly journals Linkage between commuting time and sickness absence in the context of China: transmission channels and heterogeneous effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zicheng ◽  
Liu Jiachun ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time

Abstract Background Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden,which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between the commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence effect as well as the potential transmission channel between them. Methods Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, we apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the nexus between the commuting and sickness absence. To discuss the potential mechanism linking commuting and sickness absence in the context of China, the estimations of the commuting on health-related outcomes and work efforts are performed by the OLS and Logit regression to discuss the mechanism. Results The empirical results reveal that the commute has a positive effect on sickness absence, while it is still robust against several specifications. More importantly, the commuting-absence effect is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes of employees, whereas we find no clear evidence supporting the shirking behaviors. Additionally, the heterogeneous effects of commuting-absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprises. Conclusion The longer commute induces to lower productivities through the sickness absence, that is, the longer journey from home to work is positively related with the increasing sickness absence, which keeps in consistency with previous studies. And the potential effect of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes. Additionally, the impacts of commute time on sickness absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprise.

scholarly journals Association Between Commuting Time and Sickness Absence in the Context of China: Transmission Channels and Heterogeneous Effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zicheng ◽  
Liu Jiachun ◽  
MURONG GUO
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Unique Dataset ◽  
New Urbanization

Abstract Background: Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden，which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between the commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence linkage as well as the potential transmission channel between them.Methods: Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, current study apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the association.Results: Long commute is significantly related with increased sickness absence. A longer commuting is associated with poorer self-rated health status and a higher degree of psychological depression, and it also is highly related with an increase of their BMI index, annual medical expenses as well as the risk of obesity. However, the commuting is not correlated with the overtime length and probability of overtime. Conclusion: The longer commute induces to lower productivities through the increased sickness absence, and the potential linkage of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes.

scholarly journals Association Between Commute Duration and Sickness Absence in the Context of China: Mechanism and Heterogeneous Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Qiushi Wu ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Health Related

Background: Most employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden, which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the new urbanization strategy process. However, the exploration of the relationship between the commute duration and sickness absence remains scant in China, and no direct discussion has been done to analyze the mechanism linking commute duration and sickness absence.Methods: Using a unique dataset of the 2013 China Matched Employer–Employee Survey, the present study applies a two-level random-intercept Poisson model to explore this association.Results: A long commute is significantly related with increased sickness absence. A longer commute is associated with poorer self-rated health status and a higher degree of psychological depression, and it is also highly related with a decrease in sleeping time. Moreover, an increased commuting duration is associated with lower work effort (working hours).Conclusion: Longer commute duration induces lower productivity through increased sickness absence, and the potential link of commute duration and sickness absence is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes and work effort.

Commuting time and sickness absence in China: Rural/urban variations and Hukou impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Murong Guo ◽  
Kuang Tang ◽  
Zicheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Hukou System ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Matched Data

This article addresses three main issues: the relationship between commute time and sickness absence, the heterogeneity of the commuting–absenteeism effect between rural migrants and urban citizens, and the effect of China’s Hukou system on the commuting–absenteeism effect. It applies a unique set of employer–employee matched data in China and a zero-inflated negative binomial model. We find clear evidence that a longer commuting time contributes to an increase in sickness absence. The heterogeneity of the commuting–absenteeism effect can also be confirmed: longer commuting leads to higher absence rates for urban citizens but not for rural migrants. Furthermore, we explore the effect of commuting on a set of health-related outcomes. The estimations demonstrate that commuting time has a significant impact on health-related outcomes for both migrants and urban citizens, but unequal access to housing provision and to social health insurance in the Hukou system may mean that rural migrants resort to more informal medical services and thus lack access to the official sickness certificate required to seek legal sickness absence. We recommend accelerated reform of the Hukou system to encourage rural workers to seek appropriate and timely medical services, thereby reducing public health risks. JEL Codes: I12, I14, J83, N35, N75

scholarly journals The impact of teaching on the duration of common urological operations

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blayne Welk ◽  
Jennifer Winick-Ng ◽  
Andrew McClure ◽  
Chris Vinden ◽  
Sumit Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Operative Duration ◽  
Open Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Academic Hospitals ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The ability of academic (teaching) hospitals to offer the same level of efficiency as non-teaching hospitals in a publicly funded healthcare system is unknown. Our objective was to compare the operative duration of general urology procedures between teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Methods: We used administrative data from the province of Ontario to conduct a retrospective cohort study of all adults who underwent a specified elective urology procedure (2002–2013). Primary outcome was duration of surgical procedure. Primary exposure was hospital type (academic or non-teaching). Negative binomial regression was used to adjust relative time estimates for age, comorbidity, obesity, anesthetic, and surgeon and hospital case volume.Results: 114 225 procedures were included (circumcision n=12 280; hydrocelectomy n=7221; open radical prostatectomy n=22 951; transurethral prostatectomy n=56 066; or mid-urethral sling n=15 707). These procedures were performed in an academic hospital in 14.8%, 13.3%, 28.6%, 17.1%, and 21.3% of cases, respectively. The mean operative duration across all procedures was higher in academic centres; the additional operative time ranged from 8.3 minutes (circumcision) to 29.2 minutes (radical prostatectomy). In adjusted analysis, patients treated in academic hospitals were still found to have procedures that were significantly longer (by 10‒21%). These results were similar in sensitivity analyses that accounted for the potential effect of more complex patients being referred to tertiary academic centres.Conclusions: Five common general urology operations take significantly longer to perform in academic hospitals. The reason for this may be due to the combined effect of teaching students and residents or due to inherent systematic inefficiencies within large academic hospitals.

scholarly journals Perceived gender discrimination at work and subsequent long-term sickness absence among Finnish employed women

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Marjut Pietiläinen ◽  
Jouko Nätti ◽  
Satu Ojala
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Background Discrimination has many kinds of consequences for employees and their well-being. This is an important aspect when considering certain issues, such as the need to prolong working careers. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of perceived gender discrimination at work with subsequent long-term sickness absence among Finnish employed women. Methods We used a representative sample of Finnish employed women (n = 8000) merged with register-based follow-up data. We examined the relationships of control variables with gender discrimination using cross tabulation, and the relationships of the controls with subsequent sickness absences were examined using analyses of variance. The effects of gender discrimination on long-term sickness absence were analysed using a negative binomial model. Results Perceived gender discrimination increased long-term sickness absence among employed women after controlling for age discrimination, various background, work and health-related factors. Employed women reporting perceived gender discrimination had a 1.4-times higher incidence rate ratios (IRR) of long-term sickness absence than those not reporting perceived gender discrimination. The association was strongest among upper-level socioeconomic group (IRR 2.2) in the adjusted model. Conclusions Our findings suggest that gender discrimination at work is a risk factor for long sickness absence among women. Therefore, it is essential to increase awareness and prevention of discrimination to reduce negative gender-based treatment at work.

scholarly journals Family Affluence Based Inequality in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in a Population of Lithuanian Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apolinaras Zaborskis ◽  
Aistė Kavaliauskienė ◽  
Antanas Šidlauskas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Background: The social inequalities in oral health have had increasing attention in recent years. The present study aimed to explore the impact of family affluence on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among Lithuanian adolescents aged 11–18 years. Methods: The cross-sectional, population-based study included a representative sample of 881 adolescents aged 11–18 years (mean = 15.55; SD = 1.51) randomly selected from 20 schools in Lithuania. The schoolchildren completed questionnaires to evaluate their OHRQoL using a Lithuanian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). The adolescents’ family affluence was indirectly assessed by inquiring whether they possessed various modern life items. In dental examination, the severity of malocclusion was predetermined by the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON). The relationship among variables was examined employing the negative binomial regression and the path analysis. Results: The sum score of CPQ as a whole and the sum scores of all four domains were significantly associated with family affluence, indicating higher OHRQoL among adolescents from more affluent families. The severity of malocclusion had a significant association with emotional and social well-being domains of OHRQoL only. Conclusion: This study evidences the family affluence based inequality in OHRQoL among Lithuanian adolescents.

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