scholarly journals Association Between Commute Duration and Sickness Absence in the Context of China: Mechanism and Heterogeneous Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Qiushi Wu ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Health Related

Background: Most employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden, which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the new urbanization strategy process. However, the exploration of the relationship between the commute duration and sickness absence remains scant in China, and no direct discussion has been done to analyze the mechanism linking commute duration and sickness absence.Methods: Using a unique dataset of the 2013 China Matched Employer–Employee Survey, the present study applies a two-level random-intercept Poisson model to explore this association.Results: A long commute is significantly related with increased sickness absence. A longer commute is associated with poorer self-rated health status and a higher degree of psychological depression, and it is also highly related with a decrease in sleeping time. Moreover, an increased commuting duration is associated with lower work effort (working hours).Conclusion: Longer commute duration induces lower productivity through increased sickness absence, and the potential link of commute duration and sickness absence is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes and work effort.

Commuting time and Sickness Absence: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Jiachun Liu ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Gender Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden ，which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of promoting the new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence effect as well as the potential transmission channel between them. Methods: Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, we apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the nexus between the commuting and sickness absence. To discuss the potential mechanism linking commuting and sickness absence in the context of China, the estimations of the impact of the commuting on health-related outcomes and work efforts are performed to confirm transmission channels of commute-absence effect by the OLS and Logit regression model. Results: The empirical results reveal that a longer commute has a positive effect on sickness absences, while it is still robust against several specifications. More importantly, the commuting-absence effect is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes of employees, whereas we cannot find evidence that the effect is transmitted through shirking behavior s. Additionally, the heterogeneous effects of commuting-absence are differentiated across Hukou status, gender, pattern of commuter travel, scale of cities and types of enterprises . Conclusion: The long commute induces to lower productivities through the sickness absence, that is, the longer journey from home to work is positively related with the increasing sickness absence, which keeps in consistency with previous studies. And the potential effect of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes.

scholarly journals Linkage between commuting time and sickness absence in the context of China: transmission channels and heterogeneous effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zicheng wang ◽  
Jiachun Liu ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time

Abstract Background Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden,which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between the commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence effect as well as the potential transmission channel between them. Methods Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, we apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the nexus between the commuting and sickness absence. To discuss the potential mechanism linking commuting and sickness absence in the context of China, the estimations of the commuting on health-related outcomes and work efforts are performed by the OLS and Logit regression to discuss the mechanism. Results The empirical results reveal that the commute has a positive effect on sickness absence, while it is still robust against several specifications. More importantly, the commuting-absence effect is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes of employees, whereas we find no clear evidence supporting the shirking behaviors. Additionally, the heterogeneous effects of commuting-absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprises. Conclusion The longer commute induces to lower productivities through the sickness absence, that is, the longer journey from home to work is positively related with the increasing sickness absence, which keeps in consistency with previous studies. And the potential effect of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes. Additionally, the impacts of commute time on sickness absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprise.

scholarly journals Association Between Commuting Time and Sickness Absence in the Context of China: Transmission Channels and Heterogeneous Effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zicheng ◽  
Liu Jiachun ◽  
MURONG GUO
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Unique Dataset ◽  
New Urbanization

Abstract Background: Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden，which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between the commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence linkage as well as the potential transmission channel between them.Methods: Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, current study apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the association.Results: Long commute is significantly related with increased sickness absence. A longer commuting is associated with poorer self-rated health status and a higher degree of psychological depression, and it also is highly related with an increase of their BMI index, annual medical expenses as well as the risk of obesity. However, the commuting is not correlated with the overtime length and probability of overtime. Conclusion: The longer commute induces to lower productivities through the increased sickness absence, and the potential linkage of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes.

scholarly journals Linkage between commuting time and sickness absence in the context of China: transmission channels and heterogeneous effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zicheng ◽  
Liu Jiachun ◽  
Murong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Commuting Time

Abstract Background Most of employees in urban China have experienced a heavy commuting burden,which has become an urgent issue that should be solved in the process of new urbanization strategy. However, not only has the exploration of relationship between the commuting and sickness absence been still scant in China, but also there is no discussion made to analyze the mechanism linking the commuting time and sickness absence. To address these gaps, this study firstly investigates the commuting-absence effect as well as the potential transmission channel between them. Methods Using a unique dataset of 2013 Matched Employer-Employee Survey (CMEES) in China, we apply the zero-inflated negative binomial model to explore the nexus between the commuting and sickness absence. To discuss the potential mechanism linking commuting and sickness absence in the context of China, the estimations of the commuting on health-related outcomes and work efforts are performed by the OLS and Logit regression to discuss the mechanism. Results The empirical results reveal that the commute has a positive effect on sickness absence, while it is still robust against several specifications. More importantly, the commuting-absence effect is mainly transmitted through health-related outcomes of employees, whereas we find no clear evidence supporting the shirking behaviors. Additionally, the heterogeneous effects of commuting-absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprises. Conclusion The longer commute induces to lower productivities through the sickness absence, that is, the longer journey from home to work is positively related with the increasing sickness absence, which keeps in consistency with previous studies. And the potential effect of commute-sickness absence is mainly transmitted through their health-related outcomes. Additionally, the impacts of commute time on sickness absence are differentiated across the Hukou status, gender, transportation modes, scale of cities and types of enterprise.

scholarly journals Limited Knowledge and Unsafe Practices in Usage of Pesticides and The Associated Toxicity Symptoms among Farmers in Tullo and Finchawa Rural Kebeles, Hawassa City, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana MHD Jamal Alshalati
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

The insufficient knowledge regarding safe and proper pesticide handling by farmers in developing countries has led to extensive agricultural expansions at the expense of the health of farmers. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and field practices of farmers regarding pesticide handling, and to determine the prevalence of acute and chronic health-related problems in Finchawa and Tullo rural Kebeles of Hawassa City Administration. A cross-sectional mixed methods research design was employed to capture the fuller image of the issue. Farmers’ knowledge regarding pesticide handling and toxicity found to be on average. The odds of the knowledge concerning proper pesticide handling was positively influenced by the factor of age, access to training; and years of experience; Field practices adopted by farmers were disappointing and intentional suicide incidents among teenagers were the result of farmers’ unsafe storage. Nearly all the farmers did not use any means of PPE, and the lack of awareness about the dermal route presented a high risk of exposure. The common self-reported toxicity symptoms experienced by the participants included a headache (84.93%) and slow heartbeats (72.60%). The odds of prevalence of long-term toxicity symptoms found to be negatively correlated with the training factor while the same was positively influenced by the working hours in the farm. The study revealed that there is a high risk of exposure among farmers and their families in the study area.

scholarly journals Measuring the exposure of Black, Asian and other ethnic groups to Covid-infected neighbourhoods in English towns and cities.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Chris Brunsdon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Linear Predictor ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Occupational And Environmental Exposure ◽  
Index Of Exposure ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Drawing on the work of The Doreen Lawrence Review – a report on the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 on Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities in the UK – this paper develops an index of exposure, measuring which ethnic groups have been most exposed to Covid-19 infected residential neighbourhoods during the first and second waves of the pandemic in England. The index is based on a Bayesian Poisson model with a random intercept in the linear predictor, allowing for extra-Poisson variation at neighbourhood and town/city scales. This permits within-city differences to be decoupled from broader regional trends in the disease. The research finds that members of ethnic minority groups tend to be living in areas with higher infection rates but also that the risk of exposure is distributed unevenly across these groups. Initially, in the first wave, the disease disproportionately affected Black residents. As the pandemic has progressed, especially the Pakistani but also the Bangladeshi and Indian groups have had the highest exposure. This higher exposure of the Pakistani group is not straightforwardly a function of neighbourhood deprivation because it is present across a range of average house prices. However, we find evidence to support the view, expressed in The Doreen Lawrence Review, that it is linked to occupational and environmental exposure, particularly residential density.

scholarly journals Characteristics Contributing to Low- and Minimum-Wage Labour in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-200
Author(s):  
Matthias Dütsch ◽  
Ralf Himmelreicher
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn this article we examine the correlation between characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany and the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage or low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) 2014. The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 companies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and industries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the individual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 % of the differences in the employment situation regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- or low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to individuals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.

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