scholarly journals Three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg praziquantel for Schistosoma haematobium infection is a safe and effective treatment regimen.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Nkansah Darko ◽  
Henry Hanson ◽  
Sampson Twumasi Ankrah ◽  
Sandra Baffour ◽  
Priscilla Adjei-Kusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment Regimen ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Background: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the standard treatment for Schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is evidence suggesting praziquantel treatment failure in Schistosome infections with associated potential renal impairment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg/day PZQ on schistosome egg count, liver and renal function during the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Ghana.Methods: A nested case-control study was designed from a cohort screened for schistosomiasis; 28 schistosomiasis positive cases by microscopy matched with 53 healthy controls by age and gender. The study population was urban dwellers from the Asokwa sub-metropolitan area, Kumasi in Ghana. Participants were within the age range of 6 to 30 years. We assessed Schistosoma haematobium egg counts in urine and its associated impact on liver and renal function at baseline, treatment and post-treatment phases using serum. Results: Of the 28 cases and 53 controls, 78.6% and (81.1% were males respectively. Globulin levels before treatment was higher in cases [36.7 (32.8, 40.1) vrs 30.5 (22.4, 33.8), p=0.005] at pre-treatment but not at post-treatment [35.8 (31.2, 39.1) vrs 37.4 (29.7, 43.0), p= 0.767]. Estimated cure rate was 42.9%, 46.4% and 96.4% after first, second and third dose respectively. Schistosome egg counts dropped significantly (p= 0.001) from before second dose to post-treatment. Similarly, levels of alanine aminotransferase (p=0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.028) and gamma glutamyl transferase (p=0.001) significantly declined towards post-treatment. Estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly improved from before second dose to post-treatment using both the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Program (p=0.001) and 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (p=0.002) equations. Conclusion: Treatment of urinary Schistosoma hematobium infections with a repeated high monthly dose of 60 mg/kg of praziquantel for 3 months is safe and effective.

scholarly journals Three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg praziquantel for Schistosoma haematobium infection is a safe and effective treatment regimen.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Nkansah Darko ◽  
Henry Hanson ◽  
Sampson Twumasi Ankrah ◽  
Sandra Baffour ◽  
Priscilla Adjei-Kusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Background Praziquantel (PZQ) is the standard treatment for Schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is evidence suggesting praziquantel treatment failure in Schistosome infections with associated potential renal impairment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg/day PZQ on schistosome egg count, liver and renal function during the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Ghana. Methods A nested case-control study was designed from a cohort screened for schistosomiasis; 28 schistosomiasis positive cases by microscopy matched with 53 healthy controls by age and gender. The study population was urban dwellers from the Asokwa sub-metropolitan area, Kumasi in Ghana. Participants were within the age range of 6 to 30 years. We assessed Schistosoma haematobium egg counts in urine and its associated impact on liver and renal function at baseline, treatment and post-treatment phases using serum. Results Of the 28 cases and 53 controls, 78.6% and (81.1% were males respectively. Globulin levels before treatment was higher in cases [36.7 (32.8, 40.1) vrs 30.5 (22.4, 33.8) , p=0.005] at pre-treatment but not at post-treatment [35.8 (31.2, 39.1)vrs 37.4 (29.7, 43.0), p= 0.767]. Estimated cure rate was 42.9%, 46.4% and 96.4% after first, second and third dose respectively. Schistosome egg counts dropped significantly (p= 0.001) from before second dose to post-treatment. Similarly, levels of alanine aminotransferase (p=0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.028) and gamma glutamyl transferase (p=0.001) significantly declined towards post-treatment. Estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly improved from before second dose to post-treatment using both the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Program (p=0.001) and 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (p=0.002) equations. Conclusion Treatment of urinary Schistosoma hematobium infections with a repeated high monthly dose of 60 mg/kg of praziquantel for 3 months is safe and effective.

scholarly journals Treatment related renal dysfunction after 3 monthly doses of 60 mg/kg of praziquantel for Schistosome haematobium infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Nkansah Darko ◽  
Henry Hanson ◽  
Sampson Twumasi Ankrah ◽  
Sandra Baffour ◽  
Priscilla Adjei-Kusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Background: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the standard treatment for Schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is evidence suggesting praziquantel treatment failure in Schistosome infections with associated potential renal impairment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg/day PZQ on schistosome egg count, liver and renal function during the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Ghana.Methods: A nested case-control study was designed from a cohort screened for schistosomiasis; 28 schistosomiasis positive cases by microscopy matched with 53 healthy controls by age and gender. The study population was urban dwellers from the Asokwa sub-metropolitan area, Kumasi in Ghana. Participants were within the age range of 6 to 30 years. We assessed S. haematobium egg counts in urine and its associated impact on liver and renal function at baseline, treatment and post-treatment phases. Results: Of the 28 cases and 53 controls, 78.6% and (81.1% were males respectively. Globulin levels before treatment was higher in cases [(36.92±1.46 vrs 27.88±1.49), p=0001] at pre-treatment but not at post-treatment [(35.35±1.28 vrs 37.26±1.77), p= 0.391]. Estimated cure rate was 42.9%, 46.4% and 96.4% after first, second and third dose respectively. Schistosome egg counts dropped significantly (p= 0.001) from before second dose to post-treatment. Similarly, levels of alanine aminotransferase (p=0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.028) and gamma glutamyl transferase (p=0.001) significantly declined towards post-treatment. Estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly improved from before second dose to post-treatment using both the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Program (p=0.001) and 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (p=0.002) equations. Conclusion: Treatment of urinary Schistosoma hematobium infections with a repeated high monthly dose of 60 mg/kg of praziquantel for 3 months could be an effective and safe alternative for the current treatment option 40 mg/kg body weight.

Modulatory effect of Polyalthia longifolia leaves against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibade O. Oyeyemi ◽  
Olatunde A. Oseni ◽  
Adebimpe O. Babatunde ◽  
Olorunfemi R. Molehin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Polyalthia Longifolia

AbstractBackgroundCadmium serves as a major pollutant in the environment and it has been documented for its widespread harmful effects. This study sought to investigate the prophylactic and the curative effects of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Polyalthia longifolia against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.MethodsAnimals in group I served as the normal control and administered distilled water only for 14 days, group II was administered cadmium (4 mg/kg/body weight) for 7 days, groups III and IV rats served as the prophylactic group and were pre-treated with P. longifolia aqueous and methanolic leaf extract for 7 days and then exposed to cadmium for another 7 days, serving as pre-treatment group, groups V, VI, VII, and VIII served as curative groups and were first exposed to cadmium for 7 days and then post-treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract and 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract P. longifolia for another 7 days.ResultsPre- and post-treatment with both extracts of P. longifolia revealed a significant hepatoprotective ability by decreasing the alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase enzymatic activities were elevated due to cadmium intoxication. Pre- and post-treatment with aqueous and methanolic extract of P. longifolia extract significantly decreased hepatic malondialdehyde levels, together with an improvement in the antioxidant status of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and reduced glutathione of rats exposed to cadmium. Histopathology examinations also confirm the above biochemical findings.ConclusionThe findings from this work suggested that P. longifolia may be beneficial in ameliorating the cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.

scholarly journals Information Technology and Gender Economic Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Simplice A. Asongu ◽  
Joseph Amankwah‐Amoah ◽  
Rexon T. Nting ◽  
Godfred Adjapong Afrifa
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Caroline Deignan ◽  
Alison Swartz ◽  
Sara Cooper ◽  
Christopher J. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders’ understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.

ICT Is Not Gender Blind

2016 ◽  
pp. 174-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Alhaji Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Developed World

This chapter critically reviewed literature on gender disparity associated with access and usage of ICT, focusing on the less developed world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors used relevant online literature sourced from research databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier and Wiley Online Library. With the aid of graphical illustrations, the chapter aligned its argument with some critical global research findings regarding gender-based mobile phone and Internet usage and the concept of ICT and gender. The chapter concluded that ICT gender gap negatively affects the socio-economic development of women, and recommended that ICTs manufacturers should integrate gender-balanced software and hardware right at the time of production of the technologies.

scholarly journals Validity of hemoglobin A1c for diagnosing diabetes among people with and without HIV in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
James Muchira ◽  
Eileen Stuart-Shor ◽  
Jen Manne-Goehler ◽  
Janet Lo ◽  
Alexander C Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is facing a growing co-epidemic of chronic HIV infection and diabetes. Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) may underestimate glycemia among people living with HIV (PLWH). We estimated the validity of A1c to diagnose diabetes among PLWH and HIV-uninfected persons in rural Uganda. Data were derived from a cohort of PLWH and age- and gender-matched HIV-uninfected comparators. We compared A1c to fasting blood glucose (FBG) using Pearson correlations, regression models, and estimated the sensitivity and specificity of A1c for detecting diabetes with FBG ≥126 mg/dL as reference standard. Approximately half (48%) of the 212 participants were female, mean age of 51.7 years (SD = 7.0) at enrollment. All PLWH (n = 118) were on antiretroviral therapy for a median of 7.5 years with mean CD4 cell count of 442 cells/µL. Mean FBG (89.7 mg/dL) and A1c (5.6%) were not different between PLWH and HIV-uninfected ( P > 0.50) groups, but the HIV-uninfected group had a higher prevalence of A1c >5.7% (33% vs. 20%, P = 0.024). We found a relatively strong correlation between A1c and FBG (r = 0.67). An A1c ≥6.5% had a poor sensitivity (46%, 95% CI 26–67%) but high specificity (98%, 95% CI 96–99%) for detecting diabetes. More work is needed to define an optimal A1c for screening diabetes in SSA.

scholarly journals Research on Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease and Developments Towards Better Understanding of Epidemiology, Management, and Control Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S127-S129
Author(s):  
Samuel Kariuki ◽  
Ellis Owusu-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control

Abstract During the 11th International Conference on Typhoid and Other Invasive Salmonelloses held in Hanoi, Vietnam, a number of papers were presented on the burden of disease, epidemiology, genomics, management, and control strategies for invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease, which is increasingly becoming an important public health threat in low- and middle-income countries, but especially in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Although there were minor variations in characteristics of iNTS in different settings (urban vs rural, country to country), it was observed that iNTS has gained greater recognition as a major disease entity in children younger than 5 years. Renewed efforts towards greater understanding of the burden of illness, detection and diagnostic strategies, and management and control of the disease in communities in sSA through the introduction of vaccines will be important.

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