HDL functions and their interaction in patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome: a case control study
Abstract Aim: Recent studies emphasize the importance of HDL function over HDL cholesterol measurement, as an important risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We compared the HDL function of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and healthy controls. Methods: We measured cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL using THP-1 macrophages labelled with fluorescently tagged (BODIPY) cholesterol. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activity of PON1 enzyme were assessed by spectrophotometric methods. Results: We recruited 151 ACS patients and 110 controls. The HDL function of all patients during acute phase and at six month follow-up was measured. The mean age of the patients and controls was 51.7 and 43.6 years respectively. The mean HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I levels of patients during acute phase, follow-up and of controls were 40.2 mg/dl/ 112.5 mg/dl, 38.3 mg/dl/ 127.2 and 45.4 mg/dl/ 142.1 mg/dl respectively. The cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL was positively correlated with apolipoprotein A-I levels during acute phase (r = 0.19, p = 0.019), follow-up (r = 0.26, p = 0.007) and of controls (r = 0.3, p = 0.0012) but not with HDL-C levels. Higher levels of CEC, PON 1 activity and apolipoprotein A-I were associated with lower odds of development of ACS. We also observed that combined analysis of two HDL functions could improve the predicted probability of ACS development. Conclusion: ACS is associated with reduced HDL functions which improves at follow-up. The predicted probability of ACS depends upon individual HDL functions and the interactions between them.