scholarly journals Identification of the Differences in Olfactory System Between Male and Female Oriental Tobacco Budworm Helicoverpa assulta 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Li ◽  
Weizheng Li ◽  
Changjian Miao ◽  
Gaoping Wang ◽  
Man Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Helicoverpa Assulta ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mate Search ◽  
Pheromone Identification ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Abstract Background: The olfactory system of insects facilitates their search for host and mates, hence it plays an essential role for insect survival and reproduction. Insects recognize odor substances through olfactory neurons and olfactory genes. Previous studies showed that there are significant sex-specific differences in how insects identify odorant substances, especially sex pheromones. However, whether the sex-specific recognition of odorant substances is caused by differences in the expression of olfaction-related genes between males and females remains unclear. Results: In order to clarify this problem, the whole transcriptome sequence of the adult Helicoverpa assulta, an important agricultural pest of tobacco and other Solanaceae plants, was obtained using PacBio sequencing. RNA-seq analysis showed that there were 27 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 24 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 4 pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), 68 odorant receptors (OR) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) genes that were expressed in the antennae of male and female H. assulta. Females had significantly higher expression of GOBP1-like, OBP, OBP3, PBP3 and SNMP1 than males, while males had significantly higher expression of GOBP1, OBP7, OBP13, PBP2 and SNMP2. Conclusions: Our findings improve our understanding of olfactory genes in H. assulta, and can be used to further study pheromone identification, mate search, and sex differences in an insect’s ability to search for hosts. These results improve our understanding of mate search and host differentiation in H. assulta.

scholarly journals The role of SNMPs in insect olfaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Cassau ◽  
Jürgen Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Insect Olfaction ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Encoding Genes

AbstractThe sense of smell enables insects to recognize olfactory signals crucial for survival and reproduction. In insects, odorant detection highly depends on the interplay of distinct proteins expressed by specialized olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and associated support cells which are housed together in chemosensory units, named sensilla, mainly located on the antenna. Besides odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and olfactory receptors, so-called sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) are indicated to play a critical role in the detection of certain odorants. SNMPs are insect-specific membrane proteins initially identified in pheromone-sensitive OSNs of Lepidoptera and are indispensable for a proper detection of pheromones. In the last decades, genome and transcriptome analyses have revealed a wide distribution of SNMP-encoding genes in holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects, with a given species expressing multiple subtypes in distinct cells of the olfactory system. Besides SNMPs having a neuronal expression in subpopulations of OSNs, certain SNMP types were found expressed in OSN-associated support cells suggesting different decisive roles of SNMPs in the peripheral olfactory system. In this review, we will report the state of knowledge of neuronal and non-neuronal members of the SNMP family and discuss their possible functions in insect olfaction.

The expression pattern of four odorant-binding proteins in male and female silk moths, Bombyx mori

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Maida ◽  
M. Mameli ◽  
B. Müller ◽  
J. Krieger ◽  
R. A. Steinbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Odorant Binding

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterization of Odorant Binding Proteins in Cacia cretifera thibetana and Their Association with Different Host Emitted Volatiles

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Xiangzhong Mao ◽  
Naiyong Liu ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Zhixiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Chemokine Signaling ◽  
Odorant Binding

This study characterized the transcriptome of Cacia cretifera thibetana and explored odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and their interaction with host-specific compounds. A total of 36 samples from six different organs including antennae, head, thorax, abdomen, wings, and legs (12 groups with 3 replicates per group) from both male and female insects were collected for RNA extraction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 89,897 transcripts as unigenes, with an average length of 1036 bp. Between male and female groups, 31,095 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The KEGG pathway analysis revealed 26 DEGs associated with cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis and 70, 48, and 62 were linked to glycerophospholipid metabolism, choline metabolism in cancer, and chemokine signaling pathways, respectively. A total of 31 OBP genes were identified. Among them, the relative expression of 11 OBP genes (OBP6, 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, and 31) was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR in different tissues. Seven OBP genes including CcreOBP6 and CcreOBP10 revealed antennae-specific expression. Further, we selected two OBPs (CcreOBP6 and CcreOBP10) for functional analysis to evaluate their binding affinity with 20 host odorant compounds. The CcreOBP6 and CcreOBP10 exhibited strong binding affinities with terpineol and trans-2-hexenal revealing their potential as an attractant or repellent for controlling C. cretifera thibetana.

scholarly journals Sex- and tissue-specific transcriptome analyses and expression profiling of olfactory-related genes in Ceracris nigricornis Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Huihui Chang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Yuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The sophisticated insect olfactory system plays an important role in recognizing external odors and enabling insects to adapt to environment. Foraging, host seeking, mating, ovipositing and other forms of chemical communication are based on olfaction, which requires the participation of multiple olfactory genes. The exclusive evolutionary trend of the olfactory system in Orthoptera insects is an excellent model for studying olfactory evolution, but limited olfaction research is available for these species. The olfactory-related genes of Ceracris nigricornis Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a severe pest of bamboos, have not yet been reported. Results We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues of C. nigricornis and obtained 223.76 Gb clean data that were assembled into 43,603 unigenes with an N50 length of 2235 bp. Among the transcripts, 66.79% of unigenes were annotated. Based on annotation and tBLASTn results, 112 candidate olfactory-related genes were identified for the first time, including 20 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 10 chemosensory-binding proteins (CSPs), 71 odorant receptors (ORs), eight ionotropic receptors (IRs) and three sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The fragments per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) values showed that most olfactory-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the antennae, and these results were confirmed by detecting the expression of olfactory-related genes with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these antennae-enriched genes, some were sex-biased, indicating their different roles in the olfactory system of C. nigricornis. Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive list and expression profiles of olfactory-related genes in C. nigricornis and a foundation for functional studies of these olfactory-related genes at the molecular level.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Odorant-Binding Proteins Promote Aedes aegypti Reproduction and Flavivirus Transmission

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhang Dong ◽  
Zi Ye ◽  
Chinmay Vijay Tikhe ◽  
Zhijian Jake Tu ◽  
Laurence J. Zwiebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Odorant Binding

Aedes aegypti is the major vector for many arthropod-borne viral diseases, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Previous studies suggested that odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) may have diverse physiological functions beyond the olfactory system in mosquitoes; however, these hypothesized functions have not yet been demonstrated.

scholarly journals The diverse small proteins called odorant-binding proteins

Open Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 180208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Sun ◽  
Shuke Xiao ◽  
John R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Odorant Binding

The term ‘odorant-binding proteins (Obps)’ is used to refer to a large family of insect proteins that are exceptional in their number, abundance and diversity. The name derives from the expression of many family members in the olfactory system of insects and their ability to bind odorants in vitro. However, an increasing body of evidence reveals a much broader role for this family of proteins. Recent results also provoke interesting questions about their mechanisms of action, both within and outside the olfactory system. Here we describe the identification of the first Obps and some cardinal properties of these proteins. We then consider their function, discussing both the prevailing orthodoxy and the increasing grounds for heterodox views. We then examine these proteins from a broader perspective and consider some intriguing questions in need of answers.

scholarly journals Odorant Binding Proteins and Chemosensory Proteins in Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae): Molecular Cloning, Expression Profiling, and Gene Evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ru Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Niu ◽  
Yu-Feng Sun ◽  
Yong-Qiang Liu ◽  
Kong-Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Episyrphus Balteatus ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Chemosensory Proteins ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Insect Chemoreception ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Odorant Binding

Abstract Aphidophagous syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) are important insects in agroecosystems for pollination and biological control. Insect chemoreception is essential for these processes and for insect survival and reproduction; however, molecular determinants is not well understood for these beneficial insects. Here, we used recent transcriptome data for the common hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus, to characterize key molecular components of chemoreception: odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Six EbalCSPs and 44 EbalOBPs were cloned from this species, and sequence analysis showed that most share the characteristic hallmarks of their protein family, including a signal peptide and conserved cysteine signature. Some regular patterns and key conserved motifs of OBPs and CSPs in Diptera were identified using the online tool MEME. Motifs were also compared among the three OBP subgroups. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that most of these chemosensory genes were expressed in chemosensory organs, suggesting these genes have chemoreceptive functions. An overall comparison of the Ka/Ks values of orthologous genes in E. balteatus and another predatory hoverfly species to analyze the evolution of these olfactory genes showed that OBPs and CSPs are under strong purifying selection. Overall, our results provide a molecular basis for further exploring the chemosensory mechanisms of E. balteatus, and consequently, may help us to understand the tritrophic interactions among plants, herbivorous insects, and natural enemies.

scholarly journals Antennal transcriptome analysis and expression profiles of odorant binding proteins in two woodwasps, Sirex noctilio and S. nitobei (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Guo ◽  
Jing-Zhen Wang ◽  
Hai-Li Qiao ◽  
Wei-Wei Wu ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Odor Recognition ◽  
Odorant Binding

Abstract Background The olfactory system is the foundation of insect behavior. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are key components of the insect olfactory system. The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius is a major quarantine pest worldwide that was first discovered in China in 2013 and mainly harms members of the Pinus genus. S. nitobei Matsumura is a native species in China and is closely related to S. noctilio. To gain insights into the olfactory mechanisms of these two woodwasp species, olfactory genes were identified using antennal transcriptome analysis. We also analyzed the expression profiles of OBPs with RT-qPCR. Results From our transcriptome analysis, 16 OBPs, 7 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 41 odorant receptors (ORs), 8 gustatory receptors (GRs), 13 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and one sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) were identified in S. noctilio, while 15 OBPs, 6 CSPs, 43 ORs, 10 GRs, 16 IRs, and 1 SNMP were identified in S. nitobei. Most of the olfactory genes identified in two species were homologous. However, some species-specific olfactory genes were identified in the antennal transcriptomes, including SnocOBP13, SnocCSP6, SnocOR26, SnitGR9, and SnitIR17. In total, 14 OBPs (7 in S. noctilio and 7 in S. nitobei) were expressed primarily in the antennae of the two woodwasps. SnocOBP11 and SnitOBP11 were highly expressed in antennae and were also clearly expressed in the external genitalia. SnocOBP3 is highly expressed in the genitalia of females, and SnocOBP7 and SnitOBP7 are highly expressed in the genitalia of males. Meanwhile, SnocOBP10 was specifically expressed in male heads. Conclusion In total, 86 olfactory proteins were identified in S. noctilio, and 91 were identified in S. nitobei. Most SnocOBPs and SnitOBPs displayed enriched expression in the antennae, which are involved in odor recognition. A few OBPs were mainly expressed in the external genitals or heads and exhibited an obvious sex bias, which may indicate that the external genitals and heads are able to recognize sex pheromones or plant volatile compounds as a part of normal behaviors such as feeding, mating, or spawning. Our study provides key insights regarding the mechanism of interactions between the insect olfactory system and specific odor molecules.

scholarly journals Antennal transcriptome analysis and expression profiles of odorant binding proteins in two woodwasps, Sirex noctilio and S. nitobei (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Guo ◽  
Jing-Zhen Wang ◽  
Hai-Li Qiao ◽  
Wei-Wei Wu ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Odor Recognition ◽  
Odorant Binding

Abstract Background The olfactory system is the foundation of insect behavior. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are key components of the insect olfactory system. The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius is a major quarantine pest worldwide that was first discovered in China in 2013 and mainly harms members of the Pinus genus. S. nitobei Matsumura is a native species in China and is closely related to S. noctilio. To gain insights into the olfactory mechanisms of these two woodwasp species, olfactory genes were identified using antennal transcriptome analysis. We also analyzed the expression profiles of OBPs with RT-qPCR. Results From our transcriptome analysis, 16 OBPs, 7 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 41 odorant receptors (ORs), 8 gustatory receptors (GRs), 13 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and one sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) were identified in S. noctilio, while 15 OBPs, 6 CSPs, 43 ORs, 10 GRs, 16 IRs, and 1 SNMP were identified in S. nitobei. Most of the olfactory genes identified in two species were homologous. However, some species-specific olfactory genes were identified in the antennal transcriptomes, including SnocOBP13, SnocCSP6, SnocOR26, SnitGR9, and SnitIR17. In total, 14 OBPs (7 in S. noctilio and 7 in S. nitobei) were expressed primarily in the antennae of the two woodwasps. SnocOBP11 and SnitOBP11 were highly expressed in antennae and were also clearly expressed in the external genitalia. SnocOBP3 is highly expressed in the genitalia of females, and SnocOBP7 and SnitOBP7 are highly expressed in the genitalia of males. Meanwhile, SnocOBP10 was specifically expressed in male heads. Conclusion In total, 86 olfactory proteins were identified in S. noctilio, and 91 were identified in S. nitobei. Most SnocOBPs and SnitOBPs displayed enriched expression in the antennae, which are involved in odor recognition. A few OBPs were mainly expressed in the external genitals or heads and exhibited an obvious sex bias, which may indicate that the external genitals and heads are able to recognize sex pheromones or plant volatile compounds as a part of normal behaviors such as feeding, mating, or spawning. Our study provides key insights regarding the mechanism of interactions between the insect olfactory system and specific odor molecules.

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