scholarly journals Correlation between early maladaptive schemas and violence against women among a representative sample from a Lebanese population: Results of a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Rahme ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Chloe Khoury ◽  
Hala Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Deprivation

Abstract Objective: The study objectives were to trace a linkage between Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and Violence against Women (VAW) in this specific Lebanese patriarchal context while undertaking this research on a larger scope of those Lebanese women who don’t have a choice to act against Violence. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on Lebanese women between September and December 2018. Participants enrolled in this study were from all of Lebanon's governorates and selected using an equitable representative sample. Results: Being divorced (Beta=12.11), having a partner addicted to substance (Beta=9.64), to alcohol (Beta=5.03), to gambling (Beta=4.78), have a history of threats, violence, assaults and crimes (Beta=8.45), higher child physical abuse scale (Beta=1.58), higher child sexual abuse scale (Beta=3.77), higher child psychological abuse scale (Beta=0.25), higher Stressful life experiences (Beta=0.24), higher social isolation (Beta=0.43), higher emotional deprivation (Beta=0.42), higher subjugation (Beta=0.31) and higher failure (Beta=0.52) were significantly associated with greater partner physical and non-physical abuse. Conclusion: This current research suggests a positive correlation between violence against women and the activation of early maladaptive schemas.

Early maladaptive schemas predict positive symptomatology in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bortolon ◽  
Delphine Capdevielle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Boulenger ◽  
Marie-Christine Gely-Nargeot ◽  
Stéphane Raffard
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Does Stockholm Syndrome Exist in Lebanon? Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Considering the Factors Associated With Violence Against Women in a Lebanese Representative Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Rahme ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Chloe Khoury ◽  
Hala Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stockholm Syndrome

The aim of this study is to validate the Stockholm syndrome scale (SSS) in Arabic, assess the correlation of the Stockholm syndrome in women who are victims of domestic violence, and evaluate the factors that enhance the level of violation among a representative sample of the Lebanese population. This is a cross-sectional study conducted on Lebanese women between September and December 2018. Participants enrolled in this study were from all of Lebanon’s governorates and selected using an equitable representative sample. Being divorced (β = 9.83); with low educational level (β = 5.47); having a partner that takes substance (β = 16.17); addicted to alcohol (β = 8.21); addicted to gambling (β = 11.91); have a history of threats, violence, assaults, and crimes (β = 17.83); higher stressful life experiences (β = 0.75); and higher SSS score (β = 0.04) were significantly associated with higher partner physical and nonphysical abuse scale. For the validation of the SSS, five items (items 3, 20, 30, 38, and 40) were removed because none over-correlated with each other ( r >.9), had a low load on the factors (<.3), or a weak commonality (<.3). SSS items converged on a seven-factor solution with Eigenvalues greater than 1, accounting for a total of 66.59% of the variance (α = .970). Our study revealed a positive association between the Stockholm syndrome and the violence against women and evaluated many factors that increase this association. Divorced women, with low educational level, having a partner addicted to alcohol, to illegal substance or to gambling, having a history of threats, violence, assaults, and crimes were more prone to experience physical and nonphysical abuse.

Violence Against Women During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Jana Berro ◽  
Clara Rahme ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Stress Score

The objectives of this study were to correlate several factors - including depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem levels in both men and women - with the occurrence of domestic violence against women (VAW) during quarantine. This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic when lockdown procedures were implemented; 86 married couples participated in this study amounting to 172 responses in total. A different questionnaire was set for women and men; the couple filled out their respective questionnaire simultaneously, but privately where one did not see the answers of the other. Inclusion criteria included married couples of all ages that are living together during the lockdown of COVID-19. The results of this study showed that a higher total abuse score was found in 39 females (45.3%; CI: 0.34 - 0.56). Being a Muslim female (Beta =24.80) and females having higher anxiety (Beta=0.97) were significantly associated with higher total abuse scores, whereas higher stress score in female (Beta=-0.61) was significantly associated with lower total abuse scores. In conclusion, this study focuses on VAW as a serious problem while demonstrating its further emergence during quarantine. This study also focused on the effects brought on by lockdown policies, including social and economic factors, and their implications in the increase of VAW during this pandemic.

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