scholarly journals Isolated peripheral-type facial palsy due to the central lesion:two-case reports

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiwei jiang ◽  
Xiuli Shang
Keyword(s):  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy ◽  
Intensity Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Type ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Isolated peripheral facial palsy (P-FP) can lead to lesions involving the inferomedial tegmentum of the pons. However, cases with P-FP in result of a medullary lesion have rarely been reported and result from a paraventricular lesion have never been reported before. Cases presentation We described a 63-year-old man presenting with isolated P-FP due to ipsilateral pontomedullary infarction. Brain diffusion MRI revealed a hyper-intense signal on the left dorsolateral portion of the upper medulla and pontomedullary junction. And then we experienced a 77-year-old man presenting with lateral paraventricular infarction who showed contralateral peripheral type facial palsy. Brain diffusion-weighted image(DWI) showed a high-signal intensity lesion in the right lateral paraventricule and part of the posterior limb of the right internal capsule. Conclusions These two cases caution that a central nervous etiology should be considered in patients with P-FP, especially if they have high risk factors of cerebral infarction.

scholarly journals Neurological complications after H1N1 influenza vaccination: magnetic resonance imaging findings

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Lessa ◽  
Maurício Castillo ◽  
Renata Azevedo ◽  
Fernanda Azevedo ◽  
Hildo Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Facial Palsy ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy ◽  
The Right

Objective: To report 4 different neurological complications of H1N1 virus vaccination. Method: Four patients (9, 16, 37 and 69 years of age) had neurological symptoms (intracranial hypertension, ataxia, left peripheral facial palsy of abrupt onset, altered mental status, myelitis) starting 4-15 days after H1N1 vaccination. MRI was obtained during the acute period. Results: One patient with high T2 signal in the cerebellum interpreted as acute cerebellitis; another, with left facial palsy, showed contrast enhancement within both internal auditory canals was present, however it was more important in the right side; one patient showed gyriform hyperintensities on FLAIR with sulcal effacement in the right fronto-parietal region; and the last one showed findings compatible with thoracic myelitis. Conclusion: H1N1 vaccination can result in important neurological complications probably secondary to post-vaccination inflammation. MRI detected abnormalities in all patients.

scholarly journals Patients With Chronic Migraine Without History of Medication Overuse Are Characterized by a Peculiar White Matter Fiber Bundle Profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Coppola ◽  
Antonio Di Renzo ◽  
Emanuele Tinelli ◽  
Barbara Petolicchio ◽  
Cherubino Di Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal White Matter ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: We investigated intracerebral fiber bundles using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datato investigate microstructural integrity in patients with episodic (MO) and chronic migraine (CM).Methods: We performed DTI in 19 patients with MO within interictal periods, 18 patients with CM without any history of drug abuse, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We calculated diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD), and mean diffusion (MD).Results: TBSS revealed no significant differences in the FA, MD, RD, and AD maps between the MO and HC groups. In comparison to the HC group, theCM group exhibited widespread increased RD (bilateral superior [SCR] and posterior corona radiata [PCR], bilateral genu of the corpus callosum [CC], bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule [IC], bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus [LF]) and MD values (tracts of the right SCR and PCR, right superior LF, and right splenium of the CC). In comparison to theMO group, theCM group showed decreased FA (bilateral SCR and PCR, bilateral body of CC, right superior LF, right forceps minor) and increased MD values (bilateral SCR and right PCR, right body of CC, right superior LF, right splenium of CC, and right posterior limb of IC). Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic migraine can be associated withthe widespread disruption of normal white matter integrity in the brain.

Isolated motor neglect following infarction of the posterior limb of the right internal capsule: a case study with diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography

2011 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuttachai Likitjaroen ◽  
Nijasri C. Suwanwela ◽  
Alex J. Mitchell ◽  
Sukalaya Lerdlum ◽  
Kammant Phanthumchinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Motor Neglect ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Ideomotor Apraxia in Left Thalamic Hemorrhage: Discrepancy between Clinical Course and SPECT

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schnider ◽  
Theodor Landis ◽  
Helmuth R. Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Ideomotor Apraxia ◽  
Left Thalamus ◽  
The Right

We present a patient who developed severe ideomotor apraxia (IA) and subcortical aphasia after a hemorrhage involving the posterior part of the left thalamus and the posterior limb of the internal capsule. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) of the left hemisphere as measured by 99Tc-HM-PAO SPECT was initially diminished as compared to the right hemisphere. The apraxia and aphasia eventually resolved. Despite this clinical improvement CBF of the left hemisphere worsened. Our findings do not support the view that apraxia and aphasia following lesion of deep subcortical structures is due to cortical derangement induced by disruption of unspecific activating thalamo-cortical pathways. The results call for caution in the functional interpretation of perfusion deficits detected by SPECT.

scholarly journals Patients with chronic migraine without history of medication overuse are characterized by a peculiar white matter fiber bundle profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Coppola ◽  
Antonio Di Renzo ◽  
Emanuele Tinelli ◽  
Barbara Petolicchio ◽  
Cherubino Di Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal White Matter ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: We investigated intracerebral fiber bundles using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data to investigate microstructural integrity in patients with episodic (MO) and chronic migraine (CM).Methods: We performed DTI in 19 patients with MO within interictal periods, 18 patients with CM without any history of drug abuse, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We calculated diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD), and mean diffusion (MD).Results: TBSS revealed no significant differences in the FA, MD, RD, and AD maps between the MO and HC groups. In comparison to the HC group, the CM group exhibited widespread increased RD (bilateral superior [SCR] and posterior corona radiata [PCR], bilateral genu of the corpus callosum [CC], bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule [IC], bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus [LF]) and MD values (tracts of the right SCR and PCR, right superior LF, and right splenium of the CC). In comparison to the MO group, the CM group showed decreased FA (bilateral SCR and PCR, bilateral body of CC, right superior LF, right forceps minor) and increased MD values (bilateral SCR and right PCR, right body of CC, right superior LF, right splenium of CC, and right posterior limb of IC). Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic migraine can be associated with the widespread disruption of normal white matter integrity in the brain.

Adult-onset Krabbe disease with homozygous T1853C mutation in the galactocerebrosidase gene

Neurology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1392-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-I. Satoh ◽  
H. Tokumoto ◽  
K. Kurohara ◽  
M. Yukitake ◽  
M. Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Krabbe Disease ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Intellectual Capacity

A 51-year-old woman developed a slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and diminished vibration sense beginning at age 38. Intellectual capacity was normal. Krabbe disease was confirmed by markedly reduced leukocyte galactocerebrosidase (GALC) activity, typical inclusions in Schwann cell cytoplasm, and an identification of the homozygous point mutation T1835C(Leu618Ser) in the GALC gene. T2-weighted MRI of the brain showed symmetric high-signal-intensity lesions in the bilateral frontoparietal white matter, the centrum semiovale, and the posterior limb of the internal capsule with sparing of the periventricular white matter. This case is unusual because of the late onset, protracted clinical course, and MRI findings of demyelination confined to the corticospinal tracts.

scholarly journals The thalamus and working memory

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN E. NADEAU
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fundamental Limits ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cognitive Neuropsychological

In this issue of JINS, Gasparini and her colleagues (2008) report a subject with a right anterior choroidal artery territory stroke that damaged the anterior hippocampus, but likely more importantly, much of the ventral posterior limb of the internal capsule, effectively disconnecting the right thalamus from temporal cortex. Through systematic cognitive neuropsychological detective work, they provide a compelling case that the essential deficit was one of working memory. This is potentially a very important discovery. The thalamus is a phylogenetically ancient structure, and there is considerable evidence that, in human beings, much of its function has been subsumed by cortical mechanisms (Nadeau & Crosson, 1997). Consequently, there are fundamental limits to how much animal studies can inform us about human thalamic functions, and we are particularly reliant on cognitive neuropsychological studies like this one. The work of Gasparini et al. also provides a fine demonstration of the continuing value of cognitive neuropsychology in advancing our understanding of the details of brain function.

Poststroke fixed dystonia of the foot relieved by chronic stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Franzini ◽  
Giuseppe Messina ◽  
Carlo Marras ◽  
Franco Molteni ◽  
Roberto Cordella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
The Right ◽  
Globus Pallidus Externus ◽  
Fixed Dystonia ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

The authors report the case of an adult patient with irreducible fixed dystonia (inward rotation) of the right foot that arose after cardioembolic ischemia of the left putamen and globus pallidus externus. Given the resistance of such symptomatology to all of the attempted conservative treatments (including botulinum toxin), the authors decided to perform deep brain stimulation, positioning the intracerebral electrode in the left internal capsule at the level of the motor fibers controlling the right foot, as confirmed by intraoperative electromyography. After the intervention, the patient was able to perform voluntary movements of outward rotation and abduction in the right foot and begin gait rehabilitation. Deep brain stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule could be an alternative target used to treat poststroke fixed dystonic conditions.

scholarly journals A coordinate-based meta-analysis of white matter alterations in patients with alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Spindler ◽  
Louisa Mallien ◽  
Sebastian Trautmann ◽  
Nina Alexander ◽  
Markus Muehlhan
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Reference Space ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Besides the commonly described grey matter (GM) deficits, there is growing evidence of significant white matter (WM) alterations in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). WM changes can be assessed using volumetric and diffusive magnetic resonance imaging methods, such as voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The aim of the present meta-analysis is to investigate the spatial convergence of the reported findings on WM alterations in AUD. Methods: Systematic literature search on PubMed and further databases revealed 18 studies eligible for inclusion, entailing a total of 462 AUD patients and 416 healthy controls (up to January 18, 2021). All studies that had used either VBM or DTI whole-brain analyzing methods and reported results as peak-coordinates in standard reference space were considered for inclusion. We excluded studies using approaches nonconcordant with recent guidelines for neuroimaging meta-analyses and studies investigating patient groups with Korsakoff syndrome or other comorbid substance use disorders (except tobacco). Results: Anatomical Likelihood Estimation (ALE) revealed four significant clusters of convergent macro- and microstructural WM alterations in AUD patients that were assigned to the genu and body of the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior cingulum, fornix, and the right posterior limb of the internal capsule. Discussion: The changes in WM could to some extent explain the deteriorations in motor, cognitive, affective, and perceptual functions seen in AUD. Future studies are needed to clarify how WM alterations vary over the course of the disorder and to what extent they are reversible with prolonged abstinence.

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