scholarly journals Analysis of Relay Protection System Comparison for Better Identification of Faults in High Voltage AC Transmission Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimsha Fazal ◽  
Arooj Aslam ◽  
Habib Ullah Manzoor ◽  
Tareq Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Double Phase ◽  
Overcurrent Relay ◽  
Ac Transmission

Abstract A high voltage protection system is designed to protect the system against the hazards like instant high voltage condition like lightening voltage in the rain, power variation in the transmission lines etc. In these conditions, our system may face a voltage twice and thrice greater than its original nominal ratings. In this paper, performance of four different relays (overcurrent relay, over and under voltage relay, distance relay and differential relay) have been calculated based on operating time in 400KV high voltage AC transmission line of 80-250km under different faults, modeled on MATLAB for the identification of different types of faults in a transmission line. These relays can differentiate between the normal operating condition and fault conditions. In this paper simulation comparison of these four relays is presented by comparing their operating time in Single line to ground fault (LG), three phase fault (LLLG) and Double phase to ground fault (LLG). The output waveforms are observed under the normal condition or no-fault condition and in the fault condition and response time is calculated to operate a circuit breaker.

scholarly journals Study of Coordination on Protection Relay in High Voltage Transmission 150 kV (Payakumbuh – Koto Padang, West Sumatra)

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Muhammad Rizki
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Distance Relay ◽  
Backup Protection ◽  
Protection Relay ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Overcurrent Relay ◽  
High Voltage Transmission

The disturbance of the high voltage transmission can be caused by a short circuit, overload, lightning surge, and other natural disturbances. That disturbance can lead to disruption of the distribution of electricity and damage to the electric power system installation equipment. A reliable protection system that can identify the disturbance quickly and also can securing affected parts of the system from other parts that can still operate normally are needed. Protection system operation may fail due to various factors; therefore, in addition to primary protection required backup protection that can work as primary protection fails to work. Distance relays can be used as primary protection as well as remote backup protection on high-voltage transmission. While overcurrent relay (OCR) and ground fault relay (GFR) is used as a local backup if distance relay failed to work. This research conducted a study of protection relays coordination for primary protection or backup protection on the high-voltage transmission that connects to Payakumbuh substation and Koto Panjang substation. Coordination is done by calculating the distance relay settings that use as primary protection as well as remote backup protection relay settings and calculating the overcurrent and ground fault relay that used as local backup protection. From the calculation, we get setting time to coordinate distance relay, overcurrent relay, and ground fault relay. Setting time was conducted to the first zone of the distance relay within 0 sec, and the second zone within 0.4 sec and third zone within 1.2 sec. For overcurrent relay and ground fault relay use time delay 1 second where the value is above the value that used in the second zone of distance relay. Distance relay can be coordinated with the auto-reclose relay to close the circuit breaker automatically sometime after a temporary disturbance. Setting that use to auto reclose relay is dead time 1 second and reclaim time 40 second. The coordination between the distance relay with auto-reclose relay can improve the quality of distribution of electrical energy.

scholarly journals Gas SF 6 (Sulfur Hexa Fluorida) Sebagai Pemadam Busur Api Pada Pemutus Tenaga (PMT) Di Saluran Transmisi Tegangan Tinggi

METANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Iman Setiono
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Power Circuit ◽  
High Voltage Transmission Line ◽  
High Voltage Transmission ◽  
Extra High Voltage

Keberadaan Pemutus Tenaga (PMT) pada saluran transmisi mutlak diperlukan, karena untuk menyalurkan dan memutuskan sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik dari pusat pembangkitan sampai ke konsumen harus bisa di atur dengan menggunakan PMT ini. PMT adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi untuk memutus-hubungkan aliraan listrik yang melalui saluran transmisi tegangan tinggi. Karena faktor tegangan tinggi , yaitu untuk Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi (SUTT)  adalah 150 KV dan untuk Saluran Udara Tegangan Extra Tinggi (SUTET) adalah 500 KV, maka setiap kali menghubungkan dan memutuskan kontak di dalam PMT  gesekan pada kontak-kontak tersebut yang terbuat dari logam. Akibat dari gesekan ini akan muncul bunga api yang sangat berbahaya dapat menimbulkan kebakaran dan kerusakan peralatan. Untuk memadamkan bunga api ini , maka di gunakan gas SF6 yang bersifat isolator , sehingga bunga api padam dan dapat mencegah terjadinya kebakaran dan kerusakan peralatan.  Gas SF6 (Hexa Fluoride Sulfur) As Fire Extinguisher On Power Breaker (PMT) On High Voltage Transmission Channel The existence of Power Circuit breaker (PMT) in the transmission line is absolutely necessary, because to channel and decide the system of electricity distribution from the power station  to the consumer must be managed by using this PMT. PMT is a device that serves to break-up the electricity supply through high voltage transmission lines. Due to the high voltage factor, that is for High Voltage transmission line (SUTT) is 150 KV and for Extra High Voltage Transmission line (SUTET) is 500 KV, then every time connect and disconnect the contact inside the friction PMT on those contacts made from metal. As a result of this friction will appear very dangerous sparks can cause fire and equipment damage. To extinguish this spark, then in use SF6 gas that is an isolator, so the sparks out and can prevent the occurrence of fire and equipment damage.

ANN-Based Relaying Algorithm for Protection of SVC- Compensated AC Transmission Line and Criticality Analysis of a Digital Relay

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-393
Author(s):  
Farhana Fayaz ◽  
Gobind Lal Pahuja
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Static Var Compensator ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ac Transmission ◽  
Criticality Analysis

Background:The Static VAR Compensator (SVC) has the capability of improving reliability, operation and control of the transmission system thereby improving the dynamic performance of power system. SVC is a widely used shunt FACTS device, which is an important tool for the reactive power compensation in high voltage AC transmission systems. The transmission lines compensated with the SVC may experience faults and hence need a protection system against the damage caused by these faults as well as provide the uninterrupted supply of power.Methods:The research work reported in the paper is a successful attempt to reduce the time to detect faults on a SVC-compensated transmission line to less than quarter of a cycle. The relay algorithm involves two ANNs, one for detection and the other for classification of faults, including the identification of the faulted phase/phases. RMS (Root Mean Square) values of line voltages and ratios of sequence components of line currents are used as inputs to the ANNs. Extensive training and testing of the two ANNs have been carried out using the data generated by simulating an SVC-compensated transmission line in PSCAD at a signal sampling frequency of 1 kHz. Back-propagation method has been used for the training and testing. Also the criticality analysis of the existing relay and the modified relay has been done using three fault tree importance measures i.e., Fussell-Vesely (FV) Importance, Risk Achievement Worth (RAW) and Risk Reduction Worth (RRW).Results:It is found that the relay detects any type of fault occurring anywhere on the line with 100% accuracy within a short time of 4 ms. It also classifies the type of the fault and indicates the faulted phase or phases, as the case may be, with 100% accuracy within 15 ms, that is well before a circuit breaker can clear the fault. As demonstrated, fault detection and classification by the use of ANNs is reliable and accurate when a large data set is available for training. The results from the criticality analysis show that the criticality ranking varies in both the designs (existing relay and the existing modified relay) and the ranking of the improved measurement system in the modified relay changes from 2 to 4.Conclusion:A relaying algorithm is proposed for the protection of transmission line compensated with Static Var Compensator (SVC) and criticality ranking of different failure modes of a digital relay is carried out. The proposed scheme has significant advantages over more traditional relaying algorithms. It is suitable for high resistance faults and is not affected by the inception angle nor by the location of fault.

scholarly journals Microgrid Protection through Adaptive Overcurrent Relay Coordination

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-553
Author(s):  
Haneen Bawayan ◽  
Mohamed Younis
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Nonlinear Program ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Overcurrent Relay

The inclusion of distributed energy resources (DER) in Microgrids (MGs) comes at the expense of increased changes in current direction and magnitude. In the autonomous mode of MG operation, the penetration of synchronous distributed generators (DGs) induces lower short circuit current than when the MG operates in the grid-connected mode. Such behavior impacts the overcurrent relays and makes the protection coordination difficult. This paper introduces a novel adaptive protection system that includes two phases to handle the influence of fault current variations and enable the MG to sustain its operation. The first phase optimizes the power flow by minimizing the generators’ active power loss while considering tolerable disturbances. For intolerable cases, the second phase opts to contain the effect of disturbance within a specific area, whose boundary is determined through correlation between primary/backup relay pairs. A directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) coordination optimization is formulated as a nonlinear program for minimizing the operating time of the relays within the contained area. Validation is carried out through the simulation of the IEEE 9, IEEE 14, and IEEE 15 bus systems as an autonomous MG. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed protection system and its superiority to a competing approach in the literature.

High Voltage Transmission Line Electromagnetic Environment Analysis and Research on the Human Body Biological Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2637-2640
Author(s):  
Ao Wang ◽  
Yu Hui Zhu ◽  
Rui Guan ◽  
Zi Wei Chen ◽  
Lian Qing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
High Voltage Transmission Line ◽  
Electromagnetic Field Strength ◽  
Ac Transmission

The research on 1000kV UHV AC transmission lines is to analysis the electromagnetic field strength around these lines, as well as the electromagnetic energy people absorbed at different distances under the lines. What’s more, suggestions for a further study and standards to improve are provided in the paper.

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