scholarly journals Use of a PLA Sleeve To Remove Electron Enhancement in Superficial X-Ray Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn Barbagallo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nail Varnish

Abstract A newly installed superficial x-ray unit was found to produce enhanced electron dose at the skin surface. ACPSEM guidelines suggest using nail varnish within the treatment cones as a method to reduce this dose. In this study, a 3D PLA sleeve was produced and used as an alternative to the nail varnish. Further, plastic wrap was also investigated for its anecdotal recommendations to reduce dose. It was found that a 1 mm printed sleeve, inserted into the treatment cone sufficiently reduced the enhanced dose to within approximately 3% of the dose measured with a Farmer-type chamber. The use of plastic wrap also reduced the enhanced dose, but impracticalities in its use make it non-viable for routine clinical use.

Estimation of the noise in TEM image recorded on “imaging plate”

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Katoh ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Total System ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Recording Material ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The “Imaging Plate”(IP) is a highly sensitive image recording plate for X-ray radiography. It has been ascertained that the IP has superior properties and high practicability as an image recording material in a TEM. The sensitivity, one of the properties, is about 3 orders higher than that of conventional photo film. The IP is expected to be applied to low dose techniques. In this paper, an estimation of the quantum noise on the TEM image which appears in case of low electron dose on the IP is reported.In this experiment, the JEM-2000FX TEM and an IP having the same size as photo film were used.Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the total system including the TEM used in this experiment. In the reader, He-Ne laser light is scanned across the IP, then blue light is emitted from the IP.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infection map generation and detection from chest X-ray images

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysen Degerli ◽  
Mete Ahishali ◽  
Mehmet Yamac ◽  
Serkan Kiranyaz ◽  
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Severity Grading ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

AbstractComputer-aided diagnosis has become a necessity for accurate and immediate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection to aid treatment and prevent the spread of the virus. Numerous studies have proposed to use Deep Learning techniques for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, they have used very limited chest X-ray (CXR) image repositories for evaluation with a small number, a few hundreds, of COVID-19 samples. Moreover, these methods can neither localize nor grade the severity of COVID-19 infection. For this purpose, recent studies proposed to explore the activation maps of deep networks. However, they remain inaccurate for localizing the actual infestation making them unreliable for clinical use. This study proposes a novel method for the joint localization, severity grading, and detection of COVID-19 from CXR images by generating the so-called infection maps. To accomplish this, we have compiled the largest dataset with 119,316 CXR images including 2951 COVID-19 samples, where the annotation of the ground-truth segmentation masks is performed on CXRs by a novel collaborative human–machine approach. Furthermore, we publicly release the first CXR dataset with the ground-truth segmentation masks of the COVID-19 infected regions. A detailed set of experiments show that state-of-the-art segmentation networks can learn to localize COVID-19 infection with an F1-score of 83.20%, which is significantly superior to the activation maps created by the previous methods. Finally, the proposed approach achieved a COVID-19 detection performance with 94.96% sensitivity and 99.88% specificity.

scholarly journals When will Low-Contrast Features be Visible in a STEM X-Ray Spectrum Image?

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Phase Particle ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Ferritic Alloy ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
X Ray

AbstractWhen will a small or low-contrast feature, such as an embedded second-phase particle, be visible in a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) X-ray map? This work illustrates a computationally inexpensive method to simulate X-ray maps and spectrum images (SIs), based upon the equations of X-ray generation and detection. To particularize the general procedure, an example of nanostructured ferritic alloy (NFA) containing nm-sized Y2Ti2O7 embedded precipitates in ferritic stainless steel matrix is chosen. The proposed model produces physically appearing simulated SI data sets, which can either be reduced to X-ray dot maps or analyzed via multivariate statistical analysis. Comparison to NFA X-ray maps acquired using three different STEM instruments match the generated simulations quite well, despite the large number of simplifying assumptions used. A figure of merit of electron dose multiplied by X-ray collection solid angle is proposed to compare feature detectability from one data set (simulated or experimental) to another. The proposed method can scope experiments that are feasible under specific analysis conditions on a given microscope. Future applications, such as spallation proton–neutron irradiations, core-shell nanoparticles, or dopants in polycrystalline photovoltaic solar cells, are proposed.

Comfortable textile-based electrode for wearable electrocardiogram

Sensor Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Haghdoost ◽  
Vahid Mottaghitalab ◽  
Akbar Khodaparast Haghi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Demand For Health

Purpose – The purpose of the current study is to explore the potential possibility of acceleration in recognition, remedial process of heart disease and continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition. The textile-based ECG electrode is prepared by inkjet printing of activator followed by electroless plating of nickel (Ni) particle. Design/methodology/approach – The electrical resistance shows a range of around 0.1 Ω/sq, which sounds quite proper for ECG signal acquisition, as the potential difference according to heart activity on skin surface is in milivolt range. Surface modifications of Ni–phosphorus (P)-plated polyester fiber were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffractionmethods. The quality of the acquired signal from printed square-shaped sensors in two sizes with areas of 9 and 16 cm2 compared with the standard Ag/Agcl electrode using commercial ECG with the patient in the sitting position. Findings – Comparison of these data led to the consideration of small fabric sensor for better performance and the least disturbance regarding homogeneity and attenuation in electric field scattering. Using these types of sensors in textile surface because of flexibility will provide more freedom of action to the user. Wearable ECG can be applied to solve the problems of the aging population, increasing demand for health services and lack of medical expert. Originality/value – In the present research, a convenient, inexpensive and reproducible method for the patterning of Ni features on commercial polyester fabric was investigated. Printed designs with high electrical conductivity can be used as a cardiac receiving signals’ sensor.

Some problems of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the clinical use

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Morita ◽  
H. Orimo ◽  
I. Yamamoto ◽  
M. Fukunaga ◽  
M. Shiraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Energy ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
X Ray

Measurement of water content in hydrated cryosections by EELS

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
R.L. Ornberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Direct Estimate ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Determination of cellular organelle water content is important in understanding cell volume regulation and also for converting x-ray microanalytical measurements of diffusible ions and elements from dry mass concentration to the biologically more relevant aqueous concentration. It has been proposed that electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be used to measure mass thickness in frozen hydrated and dehydrated cryosections at low electron dose, and that the method should thus provide a direct estimate of water content. Potentially the EELS inelastic scattering method has a number of advantages over alternative approaches. For example use of the x-ray continuum to measure mass requires much higher doses and cannot be applied at resolutions of 100nm to hydrated samples. Moreover, hydrated cryosections are often too thick to utilize dark field STEM imaging for mass measurement.

scholarly journals Acceptance, commissioning and clinical use of the WOmed T-200 kilovoltage X-ray therapy unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1055) ◽  
pp. 20150001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M Aspradakis ◽  
Paolo Zucchetti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Use ◽  
X Ray

SU-FF-T-293: Inter-Linac and Intra-Linac Variability of X-Ray and Electron Dose Distributions

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6Part11) ◽  
pp. 2114-2114
Author(s):  
J Chen ◽  
E Schreiber ◽  
J Lehmann ◽  
B Faddegon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Dose ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
X Ray
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