Estimation of the noise in TEM image recorded on “imaging plate”

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Katoh ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Total System ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Recording Material ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The “Imaging Plate”(IP) is a highly sensitive image recording plate for X-ray radiography. It has been ascertained that the IP has superior properties and high practicability as an image recording material in a TEM. The sensitivity, one of the properties, is about 3 orders higher than that of conventional photo film. The IP is expected to be applied to low dose techniques. In this paper, an estimation of the quantum noise on the TEM image which appears in case of low electron dose on the IP is reported.In this experiment, the JEM-2000FX TEM and an IP having the same size as photo film were used.Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the total system including the TEM used in this experiment. In the reader, He-Ne laser light is scanned across the IP, then blue light is emitted from the IP.

S/N Ratio Characteristics of the Imaging Plate System for A TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Osuna ◽  
M. Ohnishi ◽  
M. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Plate System

The fundamental characteristics of the Imaging Plate System for a TEM (TEM-IP System) have already been ascertained and the system has began to be put to practical use in various fields of transmission electron microscopy. When considering the practicability of any image recording device, the “image quality” is an important factor.In this study, the S/N ratio of the TEM-IP System, one of the evaluation factors for the “image quality” of the system is estimated.Signal measurement was carried out under two readout conditions high resolution mode (HR-Mode) and high sensitivity mode (HS-Mode), which are available in the IP-reader of the PIXsysTEM. In order to distinguish between instrumental noise (system noise) and noninstrumental noise (quantum noise), the S/N ratio was measured as a function of the electron dose, and the dose was widely varied in the dynamic range of the system.

Application of Imaging Plate to High-Voltage Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Seiji Isoda ◽  
Kimitsugu Saitoh ◽  
Sakumi Moriguchi ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Recording Material

On the observation of structures by high resolution electron microscopy, recording materials with high sensitivity and high quality is awaited, especially for the study of radiation sensitive specimens. Such recording material should be easily combined with the minimum dose system and cryoprotection method. Recently a new recording material, imaging plate, comes to be widely used in X-ray radiography and also in electron microscopy, because of its high sensitivity, high quality and the easiness in handling the images with a computer. The properties of the imaging plate in 100 to 400 kV electron microscopes were already discussed and the effectiveness was revealed.It is demanded to study the applicability of the imaging plate to high voltage electron microscopy. The quality of the imaging plate was investigated using an imaging plate system (JEOL EM-HSR100) equipped in a new Kyoto 1000kV electron microscope. In the system both the imaging plate and films can be introduced together into the camera chamber. Figure 1 shows the effect of accelerating voltage on read-out signal intensities from the imaging plate. The characteristic of commercially available imaging plates is unfortunately optimized for 100 to 200 keV electrons and then for 600 to 1000 keV electrons the signal is reduced. In the electron dose range of 10−13 to 10−10 C/cm2, the signal increases linearly with logarithm of electron dose in all acceralating volatges.

Quantum noise characteristics in TEM images measured by means of imaging plate

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 546-547
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
M. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Frequencies

In the observation of the beam sensitive specimens, it is required to minimize the electron dose. At a very low electron dose, however, the electrons themselves become quantum noise, thus lowering the image quality regardlessly of the performance of the detectors. In the present study, the relationship of quantum noise with the image signal included in TEM images has been measured by means of the Imaging Plate (IP), which is a high sensitivity detector.The instrument used was the TEM-IP system, a PIXsysTEM based on the JEM-2000FXII.Phase contrast images of the amorphous film were taken at a very low dose where quantum noise is dominant. The images were taken using an objective lens with a spherical aberration constant of 2.3 mm and an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The spatial frequencies included in the images were estimated by Fourier transformation, which was carried out on the IP-processor of the PIXsysTEM, by using the original data from the IP. In this experiment, it was already ascertained that system noise (noise due to the instrument) is negligible.

Development of imaging plate system for a TEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
R. Ichikawa ◽  
M. Ohnishi ◽  
M. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Image Processor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Application Data ◽  
Plate System

The superior characteristics of the “Imaging Plate” (IP) for electrons have already been ascertained, and its fundamental characteristics and application data reported. Conventionally, however, the IP, which was developed for X-ray radiography was applied to TEM image recording. So, its superior characteristics had not been given full play and it had been necessary to optimally redesign the IP for TEM. This report introduces our newly developed Imaging Plate System for TEM (TEM-IP System), which includes processes of taking, reading, processing and printing images.Fig.l shows the block diagram of the TEM- IP system. The newly developed devices are as follows:1.IP for TEM2.Camera chamber of TEM3.Image reader (including eraser)4.Image processor5.Printer.<Magazine-to-magazine form> The IP exposed in the camera chamber, can be loaded in the image reader together with its magazine, Lo carry out image reading. After completion of image reading and erasing in the image reader, the IP can be reloaded in the camera chamber, for repeated exposure.

Method for Reduction of Quantum Noise Recorded on Imaging Plate at Low Dosage

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
Arira Ishikawa ◽  
Hitoshi Suda ◽  
Akira Fukami ◽  
Tetsuo Oikawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Arai
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photostimulable Phosphor ◽  
Low Dosage

To record radiation sensitive specimens at low dosage, a recording media with high sensitivity is required. Conventionally, some x-ray films have been used for this purpose. According to our experiences, however, its own granular noise is so severe that the practical sensitivity is restricted to the order of 10-13 C/cm2. The imaging plate (IP), recently developed for a transmission electron microscope, is a promising recording media, as it has a wide dynamic range, good linearity and high sensitivity of the order of 1×10-14 C/cm2 for the electron beam. The grain size of photostimulable phosphor, which composes the phosphor layer in the IP, is about 5 μm. As image recorded in the IP is read out as the digital image with the pixel size of 50 μm, the granularity of the IP can be negligible. The increase of the quantum noise, due to the fluctuation of the number of electrons per each pixel, at the low dosage will restrict the practical sensitivity of the IP. In order to raise this sensitivity, we applied the filtering technique which was developed for reduction of the granular noise of high sensitive x-ray film.

scholarly journals InNetGAN: Inception Network-Based Generative Adversarial Network for Denoising Low-Dose Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
K. A. Saneera Hemantha Kulathilake ◽  
Nor Aniza Abdullah ◽  
A. M. Randitha Ravimal Bandara ◽  
Khin Wee Lai
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Network Modules ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Low-dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) has gained a great deal of attention in clinical procedures due to its ability to reduce the patient’s risk of exposure to the X-ray radiation. However, reducing the X-ray dose increases the quantum noise and artifacts in the acquired LDCT images. As a result, it produces visually low-quality LDCT images that adversely affect the disease diagnosing and treatment planning in clinical procedures. Deep Learning (DL) has recently become the cutting-edge technology of LDCT denoising due to its high performance and data-driven execution compared to conventional denoising approaches. Although the DL-based models perform fairly well in LDCT noise reduction, some noise components are still retained in denoised LDCT images. One reason for this noise retention is the direct transmission of feature maps through the skip connections of contraction and extraction path-based DL modes. Therefore, in this study, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network with Inception network modules (InNetGAN) as a solution for filtering the noise transmission through skip connections and preserving the texture and fine structure of LDCT images. The proposed Generator is modeled based on the U-net architecture. The skip connections in the U-net architecture are modified with three different inception network modules to filter out the noise in the feature maps passing over them. The quantitative and qualitative experimental results have shown the performance of the InNetGAN model in reducing noise and preserving the subtle structures and texture details in LDCT images compared to the other state-of-the-art denoising algorithms.

Some Problems in Understanding the Solar Corona

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. H. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Total System ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Space Observations

The development of the physics of the solar atmosphere during the last 50 years has been greatly influenced by the increasing capability of observations made from space. Access to images and spectra of the hotter plasma in the UV, XUV and X-ray regions provided a major advance over the few coronal forbidden lines seen in the visible and enabled the cooler chromospheric and photospheric plasma to be seen in its proper perspective, as part of a total system. In this way space observations have stimulated new and important advances, not only in space but also in ground-based observations and theoretical modelling, so that today we find a well-balanced harmony between the three techniques.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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