scholarly journals A 500,000-Person Experiment Evaluating the Impact of Geographically-Targeted, High-Payoff Vaccine Lotteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Milkman ◽  
Linnea Gandhi ◽  
Sean Ellis ◽  
Heather Graci ◽  
Dena Gromet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Geographically Targeted ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
High Payoff

Abstract Lotteries have been shown to motivate behavior change in many settings. However, the value of large-scale, geographically-targeted lotteries as a policy tool for changing the behaviors of entire populations is a matter of heated debate. In mid-2021, we implemented a pre-registered, city-wide experiment in Philadelphia to test the effects of three, high-payoff (up to $50,000) geographically-targeted lotteries designed to motivate adult residents of Philadelphia to get vaccinated against COVID-19. All Philadelphia residents ages 18 and older were eligible for inclusion in each drawing but, if selected, could not accept a prize unless they had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. In each drawing, residents of a randomly selected “treatment” zip code received half of the 12 lottery prizes (boosting their chances of a win to 50-100x those of other Philadelphians). This experimental design makes possible a causal estimate of the impact of vastly increasing people’s odds of winning a vaccine lottery. We estimate that the first treated zip code, which drew considerable media attention, may have experienced a small bump in vaccinations compared to control zip codes: vaccinations rose by an estimated 61 per 100,000 people (an 11% increase). Pooling results from all three zip codes treated over the course of our six-week experiment, however, we do not detect any overall benefits. This unsustained effect may be because media attention waned, salience of the lottery declined, or attitudes about vaccination became increasingly entrenched over time. Further, our 95% confidence interval provides an upper bound on the overall benefits of treatment in our study of 9%. Given that lotteries of this scale cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to implement, the lack of a substantial benefit from this experiment strengthens the policy case for other, more impactful ways to encourage health behavior change.

scholarly journals Promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors: A Systematic Review of Multiple Health Behavior Change Interventions Among Cancer Survivors

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Amireault ◽  
Angela J. Fong ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Multiple Health Behavior Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Health

Multiple health behavior change (MHBC) interventions have great potential for enhancing health and well-being following cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the characteristics and effects of MHBC interventions remain elusive for cancer survivors. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MHBC interventions on healthy eating and physical activity behaviors among cancer survivors. A secondary aim was to examine the effect of using a simultaneous and sequential design approach to MHBC (ie, changing both behaviors at the same time or one after the other). Randomized controlled trials reporting the impact of a MHBC intervention on both healthy eating and physical activity behaviors among cancer survivors were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. A total of 27 MHBC interventions were identified; most (92.6%) were designed to promote simultaneous change in both behaviors and assessed end-of-treatment effect among breast cancer survivors. MHBC interventions led by nurses or multidisciplinary teams showed the most compelling evidence for small to moderate improvement in both behaviors, with interventions that lasted ≥17 weeks more likely to improve both behaviors. This study identifies research priorities and provides preliminary evidence for clinical decision making and advancements in MHBC intervention design and delivery for clinical oncology.

Proposing the concept of Perfection Quotient (PQ) as a measure of readiness for health behavior change

2018 ◽  
pp. e000116
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) has been used for a long time to test for readiness of individuals with regard to their learning abilities.  It offers limited utility in ascertaining readiness toward health behavior change.  Work on emotional quotient (EQ) and X quotient (XQ) has been done in recent years but has not been applied for determining readiness toward health behavior change through health education and health promotion interventions.  The purpose of this editorial is to propose a novel concept of perfection quotient (PQ) that integrates IQ, EQ and XQ for ascertaining the readiness for health behavior change through health education and health promotion interventions in a variety of target populations. Such measure will be invaluable in ameliorating the impact of health education and health promotion interventions.

An Experiment Evaluating the Impact of Large-Scale, High-Payoff Vaccine Regret Lotteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnea Gandhi ◽  
Katherine L. Milkman ◽  
Sean Ellis ◽  
Heather Graci ◽  
Dena Gromet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Payoff

scholarly journals Using the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change to Explain Intentional Outdoor Nature Contact Behavior among College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6104
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Erin Largo-Wight ◽  
Amar Kanekar ◽  
Hana Kusumoto ◽  
Stephanie Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Contact Behavior ◽  
Nature Contact ◽  
The Impact

Nature contact is an emerging health behavior and is defined as the interaction between human beings and animals, plants, natural scenic views, or outdoor activities. Studies have shown that exposure to the outdoors (as a means of contact with nature) reduces perceived stress and promotes health and wellbeing among varying populations in many settings. To date, however, there are few studies exploring the impact of nature contact among college students, especially in the United States. In addition, the determinants of nature contact behavior have not adequately been explored using behavioral theories. The purpose of this study was to use the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change, a contemporary fourth-generation behavioral theory in explaining intentional outdoor nature contact behavior among college students. Using a cross-sectional design, 401 students completed the validated survey based on MTM. Of these, 281 met the inclusion criteria. The mean score for perceived stress based on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in the sample was 21.60 (7.08) units, with a possible minimum and maximum scores ranging from 0 to 40 units. Constructs of behavioral confidence (standardized coefficient = 0.591, p < 0.001) and changes in the physical environment (standardized coefficient = 0.271, p < 0.001) from MTM accounted for 57.5% of the variance in the initiation for intentional outdoor nature contact behavior. All the three constructs of MTM—namely, emotional transformation (standardized coefficient = 0.173, p = 0.021), practice for change (standardized coefficient = 0.317, p < 0.001), and changes in the social environment (standardized coefficient = 0.204, p = 0.002)—were statistically significant and contributed substantively toward the variance (31.0%) in sustenance. MTM provides a useful and pragmatic framework for designing interventions to promote intentional nature contact behavior among college students.

The impact of self-affirmation on health-behavior change: A meta-analysis.

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Epton ◽  
Peter R. Harris ◽  
Rachel Kane ◽  
Guido M. van Koningsbruggen ◽  
Paschal Sheeran
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
The Impact
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