scholarly journals Simulation of Emergency Evacuation from Construction Site of Prefabricated Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mufeng XIAO ◽  
Xihua ZHOU ◽  
Xinxin PAN ◽  
Yanan WANG ◽  
Xianlin LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Prefabricated Building

Abstract To ensure the safe construction of prefabricated buildings and improve the efficiency of the safe evacuation of construction personnel after a fire caused by improper operation during construction, this study used the PyroSim software to numerically simulate a fire situation based on the size and volume of a prefabricated building construction site. The variation rules of smoke visibility, CO concentration, and ambient temperature in the construction site of prefabricated buildings were analyzed and the available safe evacuation time was determined. Moreover, the Pathfinder software was used for simulation in combination with the physical attributes of personnel, evacuation speed, and personnel proportions. The time required for safe evacuation was determined and the factors influencing the evacuation time, such as the quantity and location of stacked prefabricated components, machinery, and appliances, and the number of on-site construction personnel, were analyzed. The results reveal that the original layout of the prefabricated building construction site cannot facilitate the safe evacuation of all construction personnel. The bottleneck area for the evacuation of construction personnel is the indoor corridor and evacuation stairway. The quantity and location of stacked items at the construction site greatly influence the evacuation time. When the number of construction personnel on each floor reaches a certain value, restrictions should be imposed. The results obtained by this study can provide the theoretical basis for the rational planning of evacuation routes and construction site management.

The Development of Construction Management System on Architect View in Our Country

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3069-3073
Author(s):  
Sheng Hui Chen ◽  
Hui Min Li ◽  
Xin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Construction Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Centralized System

In order to improve construction site management, we make the architect’ position as the starting point for our research ,analyze the similarities and differences between the project manager and the architect and transform the traditional building construction management system from centralized system into flat -like system. Furthermore, we propose that the implementation of the system must be assisted with the construction of credit system and the establishment and implementation of personal practice insurance system.

scholarly journals A Multistory Building Evacuation Model Based on Multiple-Factor Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Tanghong Wu ◽  
Gaofan Zhang ◽  
Zichuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Access Path ◽  
Multistory Building ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation is an important issue in public security. To make a considerate plan, various situations are presented including blocking the accident area and letting the emergency access path available. In order to offer dynamic evacuation routes due to different circumstances, a multistory building evacuation model is proposed. Firstly, to analyse the patency of the building, an evacuation formula is applied after binary processing. The function of evacuation time and some other parameters is given by means of regression analysis. Secondly, the cellular automata (CA) algorithm was applied to illustrate the effect of the bottleneck. The response of evacuation time could be approximately optimized through calculating time step of the CA simulation. Finally, the value of maximum evacuation population density could be determined according to the analysis of CA simulation results, which was related to the switch state of the emergency channel. The emergency evacuation model was simulated by using the Louvre museum as an example. The results of the simulation presented some feasible evacuation routes in all kinds of situations. Furthermore, the functional relationship would also be given among evacuation time with the diversity of tourists, pedestrian density, and width of exits. It can give a different perspective that the multistory building evacuation model shows excellent adaptability to different circumstances.

Adequacy of Safe Egress Design Codes for Supertall Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-580
Author(s):  
Edgar C. L. Pang ◽  
◽  
Wan-Ki Chow
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Normal Heights ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation for supertall buildings with heights over 200 m require a very long time for occupants to travel down the buildings. Occupants might jam into protected lobbies and staircases, extending the waiting time. There is not yet any code requirement specifically for emergency evacuation in supertall buildings, which are criticized for using the same codes for buildings with normal heights. Further, the evacuation design for several existing supertall buildings does not even follow prescriptive fire-safety codes. The underlying problems have not yet been addressed by thorough studies. Evacuation in such tall buildings in Hong Kong will be studied in this paper. The assumptions made in the local prescriptive codes for safe egress will be justified. Three buildings with evacuation design complying with the local codes are considered as examples. A commercial building, a hotel, and a residential block in Hong Kong are taken as examples. The key design parameters in the local codes are for 40 people evacuating with a flow rate of 1.1 person/s through the staircase between typical floors. The evacuation time from each floor to the protected lobby is assumed to be within 5 min. The evacuation times in different scenarios with these assumptions are calculated. Such assumptions do not hold under a high occupant load. The total evacuation time would be extended significantly when the travelling flows of occupants are blocked in any of the evacuation routes. Different fire-safety management schemes with staged evacuation, such as assigning higher priorities to evacuate lower or upper floors first, are evaluated. The results observed for safe egress are then discussed.

scholarly journals The Prefabricated Construction Project’s Problems and Countermeasures of Construction Site Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Sanlong Man
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Site Management ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Prefabricated Building

In comparison of the traditional building system, prefabricated building can reflect the development trend of building industrialization. Prefabricated building speeds up the construction by manufactured high-quality and high-precision components in the factory; then assembling the components to the construction site. Which can meet the requirements of green building without the need of cast-inplace and assembly. However, the application of prefabricated building also has limitations: prefabricated building is still lack of perfect relevant standards and component atlas; compared with the traditional pouring building, the mechanical and seismic performance of prefabricated building is poor. In the aspect of factory manufacturing, there are some problems. For example, because the form of prefabricated components is monotonous, it is difficult to meet the diverse appearance requirements of buildings. At present, the improvement of prefabricated building mainly focuses on the production and construction technology of components, but it lacks the improvement of the project management.

scholarly journals Relationships between Social Support, Social Status Perception, Social Identity, Work Stress, and Safety Behavior of Construction Site Management Personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3184
Author(s):  
Ying-Hua Huang ◽  
Chen-Yu Sung ◽  
Wei Tong Chen ◽  
Shu-Shun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Management Personnel

The occupational injury death rate and mortality ratio owing to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in the construction industry are the highest among all industries in Taiwan. Reducing work stress and improving safety behavior is a must for reducing occupational disasters and diseases. Construction site management personnel’s safety behavior is an important paradigm for construction workers. This study explored the relationships among work stress, safety behavior, professional identity, social status perception, and social support for construction site management personnel by using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that low work stress can lead to favorable safety behavior. Greater company support, family support, and professional identity reduce work stress. Social status perception negatively influences work stress indirectly through the mediation of professional identity. The results revealed that construction site management personnel working within an exempt employee system (i.e., no overtime pay and compensatory leave) exhibited a significantly higher effort/reward ratio than those without this system. Gender, headquarter location, and site location also significantly influenced the on-site management personnel’s effort/reward ratio.

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