scholarly journals Genomic, Biochemical, and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Bacteria Isolated From Deep-sea Sediment Harboring Methane Hydrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Menegaz Proenca ◽  
Maiara Monteiro Oliveira ◽  
Paula Fernanda Ribas Neves ◽  
Adriana Giongo ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Methane Hydrates ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
Resistance Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Abstract Over half of the organic carbon on Earth’s surface is trapped in marine sediment as methane hydrates. Ocean warming causes hydrate dissociation and methane leakage to the water column, rendering the characterization of microbes from hydrate depositions a pressing matter. Through genomic, phylogenetic, and biochemical assays, we characterize the first microorganisms isolated from the Rio Grande Cone (Brazil), reservoir responsible for massive methane releases to the water column. From sediment harboring rich benthic communities, we obtained 43 strains of Brevibacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp. and groups of Bacillus sp. Methane-enriched samples yielded strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens complex, exhibiting fluorescent siderophore production and broad multi-carbon catabolism. Genomic characterization of a novel Pseudomonas sp. strain indicated 32 genes not identified in the closest related type-species, including mercury resistance proteins. Our results provide phylogenetic and genomic insights on the first bacterial isolates retrieved from a poorly explored region of the South Atlantic Ocean.

Genomic characterization of γ-terpinene synthase from Thymus caespititius

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Lima ◽  
B Lukas ◽  
J Novak ◽  
AC Figueiredo ◽  
LG Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Characterization

Targeting IDH Mutations in AML: Wielding the Double-edged Sword of Differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 490-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Becker ◽  
Amir T. Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Structure ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
New Class ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Idh Mutations ◽  
Genomic Characterization

The genomic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by DNA sequencing has illuminated subclasses of the disease, with distinct driver mutations, that might be responsive to targeted therapies. Approximately 15-23% of AML genomes harbor mutations in one of two isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2). These enzymes are constitutive mediators of basic cellular metabolism, but their mutated forms in cancer synthesize an abnormal metabolite, 2- hydroxyglutarate, that in turn acts as a competitive inhibitor of multiple gene regulatory enzymes. As a result, leukemic IDH mutations cause changes in genome structure and gene activity, culminating in an arrest of normal myeloid differentiation. These discoveries have motivated the development of a new class of selective small molecules with the ability to inhibit the mutant IDH enzymes while sparing normal cellular metabolism. These agents have shown promising anti-leukemic activity in animal models and early clinical trials, and are now entering Phase 3 study. This review will focus on the growing preclinical and clinical data evaluating IDH inhibitors for the treatment of IDH-mutated AML. These data suggest that inducing cellular differentiation is central to the mechanism of clinical efficacy for IDH inhibitors, while also mediating toxicity for patients who experience IDH Differentiation Syndrome. Ongoing trials are studying the efficacy of IDH inhibitors in combination with other AML therapies, both to evaluate potential synergistic combinations as well as to identify the appropriate place for IDH inhibitors within existing standard-of-care regimens.

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