Characterization of Archaeal and Bacterial Communities Thriving in Methane-seeping on-land Mud Volcanoes, Niigata, Japan.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nori Miyake ◽  
Ryo Ishimaru ◽  
Goro Komatsu ◽  
Takafumi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Mud Volcanoes ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Marine Strata ◽  
Mud Volcanism ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Anaerobic Methanotrophs ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
First Time

Abstract Submarine mud volcanoes (MVs) have attracted significant interest in the scientific community for obtaining clues on the subsurface biosphere. On-land MVs, which are much less focused in this context, are equally important and they may provide insights also for astrobiology of extraterrestrial mud volcanism. Hereby, we characterized microbial communities of the two active methane-seeping on-land MVs, Murono and Kamou, in central Japan. Metataxonomic 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of those sites recovered the dominant archaeal taxa affiliated with methanogens. Anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME), with the subgroups ANME-1b and ANME-3, were also recovered from the Murono site albeit a greatly reduced abundance compared to typical submarine MVs. ANME-3 was in fact identified for the first time for land-based MVs. The bacterial sequences affiliated to Atribacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were recovered. SRB and ANME form a syntrophic consortium, which is often found at the sulfate-methane transition zone of submarine MVs where diffused sulfate (SO42-) is constantly enriched from the ocean. Previous investigations speculate that the erupted materials from Murono are originated from the Miocene marine strata, and we hypothesize that the old sea-related juvenile water is the source of additional sulfur-related components for the SRB-ANME consortium at Murono.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization of Home-Made Soap from Waste-Used Frying Oils

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Bojan Antonić ◽  
Dani Dordević ◽  
Simona Jančíková ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlova ◽  
Ivan Kushkevych
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frying Oils ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Soap Production ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sample Pair

The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increase from 1.94 μg/g to 2.33 μg/g for olive oil fresh/fried pair and from 3.43 μg/g to 4.10 μg/g for rapeseed–palm oil fresh/fried pair. The studies addressing the soap biodegradation process revealed that soaps are degrading up to four times faster than oils in waste processing plants. Literature data showed the syntrophic ways of soap degradation and degradation solely done by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Obtained results, same as literature data, indicated that soaps produced from fried plant oils represent acceptable products from the economic and environmental point of view. Soap production can be considered one of the possible ways toward reduction of waste oil disposal.

scholarly journals Prospective Approach to the Anaerobic Bioconversion of Benzo- and Dibenzothiophene Sulfones to Sulfide

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Senko ◽  
Olga Maslova ◽  
Marina Gladchenko ◽  
Sergey Gaydamaka ◽  
Argam Akopyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sulfur Recovery ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Pure Cell ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anaerobic Bioconversion

Sulfur recovery from organic molecules such as toxic sulfones is an actual problem, and its solution through the use of environmentally friendly and nature-like processes looks attractive for research and application. For the first time, the possible bioconversion of organic sulfones (benzo-and dibenzothiophene sulfones) to inorganic sulfide under anaerobic conditions with simultaneous biogas production from glucose within a methanogenesis process is demonstrated. Biogas with a methane content of 50.7%–82.1% was obtained without H2S impurities. Methanogenesis with 99.7%–100% efficiency and 97.8%–100% conversion of benzo- and dibenzothiophene sulfones (up to 0.45 mM) to inorganic sulfide were obtained in eight days by using a combination of various anaerobic biocatalysts immobilized in a poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel. Pure cell cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria and/or H2-producing bacteria were tested as additives to the methanogenic activated sludge. The immobilized activated sludge “enhanced” by bacterial additives appeared to retain its properties and be usable multiple times for the conversion of sulfones under batch conditions.

Characterization of two dissimilatory sulfite reductases from sulfate-reducing bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 905-908
Author(s):  
B. H. Huynh ◽  
I. Moura ◽  
A. R. Lino ◽  
J. J. G. Moura ◽  
J. Legall
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Quantitative ecology of psychrophilic bacteria in an aquatic environment and characterization of heterotrophic bacteria from permanently cold sediments

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Leduc ◽  
G. D. Ferroni
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Quantitative Ecology ◽  
Physiological Group ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were quantitated in Fairbank Lake, an oligotrophic to mesotrophic lake with a permanently cold hypolimnion, as a function of depth in three seasons. Representatives of each physiological group were recovered at an incubation temperature of 2 °C and for all the physiological groups the 2 °C counts were usually higher than the 37 °C counts, although sulfate-reducing bacteria were not recoverable at an incubation temperature of 37 °C. In addition, the numbers of each physiological type were generally higher in the sediments than in the water column, except in the case of sulfate-reducing bacteria for which the counts were low and often below the detection limit. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria usually outnumbered the other physiological groups surveyed, and winter minima were characteristic of some of the physiological groups. A relatively stable density of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria, as a function of sediment depth, was observed when the incubation temperature was 2 °C. At 37 °C, these anaerobes were not detected, and this was true for sulfate-reducing bacteria at both temperatures.Heterotrophic bacterial isolates from the permanently cold sediments were examined with regard to Gram reaction, the obligate or facultative nature of anaerobes, ability to use ecologically important substrates, psychrophilic type, and temperature range for growth. Isolates recovered at 2 °C were predominantly Gram-negative bacilli, whereas isolates recovered at 37 °C were predominantly Gram-positive bacilli. The anaerobic isolates were mainly Gram-positive bacilli regardless of the isolation temperature, and most of those examined were obligately anaerobic. Many of the isolates tested were positive for gelatinase, chitinase, amylase, and lipase, but none was positive for cellulase. Most of the sediment isolates were facultatively psychrophilic and a considerable fraction of the 37 °C isolates were facultative psychrophiles.

scholarly journals Nested PCR and New Primers for Analysis of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Low-Cell-Biomass Environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2856-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Giloteaux ◽  
Marisol Goñi-Urriza ◽  
Robert Duran
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT New primers were designed for the amplification of dsrAB genes by nested PCR to investigate the diversity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) in environments with low bacterial cell density. The success of the nested PCR for the determination of SRP diversity was estimated by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in the Reigous, a small creek at an inactive mine (Carnoulès, France), which constitutes an extreme acidic arsenic-rich environment. Nested PCR limits were evaluated in dsrAB-rich sediments, and this technique was compared to direct PCR using either known primers (DSR1F/DSR4R) or new primers (dsr619AF/dsr1905BR). The comparison of clone libraries revealed that, even if the levels of diversity observed were not identical, nested PCR did not reduce the diversity compared to that of direct DSR1F/DSR4R PCR. Clone sequences were affiliated mainly with the Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfohalobiaceae families. Many sequences (∼30%) were related to a deeply branching lineage unaffiliated with any cultured SRP. Although this dsrAB cluster was found in all libraries, the new primers better amplified this lineage, providing more information on this unknown bacterial group. Thanks to these new primers in nested PCR, the SRP community from Carnoulès could be characterized. Specific SRP populations were obtained according to environmental characteristics. Desulfomicrobiaceae-related sequences were recovered in samples with low pH, low levels of dissolved oxygen, and high As content, while sequences belonging to the deeply branching group were found in a less extreme sample. Furthermore, for the first time, dsrAB sequences related to the latter group were recovered from freshwater.

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