scholarly journals Myomaker and Myomixer Characterization in Gilthead Sea Bream Under Different Myogenesis Conditions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Perelló-Amorós ◽  
Aitor Otero-Tarrazón ◽  
Violeta Jorge-Pedraza ◽  
Isabel García-Pérez ◽  
Albert Sánchez-Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Genes Expression

Abstract The skeletal muscle is formed by multinucleated myofibers originated by waves of hyperplasia and hypertrophy during myogenesis. Tissue damage triggers a regeneration process including new myogenesis and muscular remodeling. During myogenesis, the fusion of myoblasts is a key step that requires different genes’ expression, including the fusogens Myomaker and Myomixer. The present work aimed to characterize these proteins in gilthead sea bream and their possible role in in vitro myogenesis, at different fish ages and during muscle regeneration after induced tissue injury. Myomaker is a transmembrane protein highly conserved among vertebrates; whereas Myomixer is a micropeptide that is moderately conserved but maintains its crucial AxLyCxL motif. myomaker expression is restricted to skeletal muscle, while the expression of myomixer is more ubiquitous. In primary myocytes culture, myomaker and myomixer expression peaked at day 6 and day 8, respectively. During regeneration, the expression of both fusogens and all the myogenic regulatory factors showed a peak after 16 days post-injury. Moreover, myomaker and myomixer were present at different ages, but in fingerlings there were significantly higher transcript levels than in juveniles or adult fish. Overall, Myomaker and Myomixer are valuable markers of muscle growth that together with other regulatory molecules, can provide a deeper understanding of myogenesis regulation in fish.

scholarly journals Mannose receptor regulates myoblast motility and muscle growth

2006 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Jansen ◽  
Grace K. Pavlath
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Myoblast Fusion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Matrix Remodeling

Myoblast fusion is critical for the formation, growth, and maintenance of skeletal muscle. The initial formation of nascent myotubes requires myoblast–myoblast fusion, but further growth involves myoblast–myotube fusion. We demonstrate that the mannose receptor (MR), a type I transmembrane protein, is required for myoblast–myotube fusion. Mannose receptor (MR)–null myotubes were small in size and contained a decreased myonuclear number both in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that this defect may arise from a possible role of MR in cell migration. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that MR-null myoblasts migrated with decreased velocity during myotube growth and were unable to migrate in a directed manner up a chemoattractant gradient. Furthermore, collagen uptake was impaired in MR-null myoblasts, suggesting a role in extracellular matrix remodeling during cell motility. These data identify a novel function for MR during skeletal muscle growth and suggest that myoblast motility may be a key aspect of regulating myotube growth.

Growth hormone as an in vitro phagocyte-activating factor in the gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata )

1997 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner ◽  
Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla ◽  
Pilar Alvarez-Pellitero ◽  
Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream

Distinct role of insulin and IGF-I and its receptors in white skeletal muscle during the compensatory growth of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Aquaculture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 267 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Montserrat ◽  
Pedro Gómez-Requeni ◽  
Giovanni Bellini ◽  
Encarnación Capilla ◽  
Jaume Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Distinct Role

scholarly journals FGF-2–dependent signaling activated in aged human skeletal muscle promotes intramuscular adipogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (37) ◽  
pp. e2021013118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Mathes ◽  
Alexandra Fahrner ◽  
Umesh Ghoshdastider ◽  
Hannes A. Rüdiger ◽  
Michael Leunig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle

Aged skeletal muscle is markedly affected by fatty muscle infiltration, and strategies to reduce the occurrence of intramuscular adipocytes are urgently needed. Here, we show that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) not only stimulates muscle growth but also promotes intramuscular adipogenesis. Using multiple screening assays upstream and downstream of microRNA (miR)-29a signaling, we located the secreted protein and adipogenic inhibitor SPARC to an FGF-2 signaling pathway that is conserved between skeletal muscle cells from mice and humans and that is activated in skeletal muscle of aged mice and humans. FGF-2 induces the miR-29a/SPARC axis through transcriptional activation of FRA-1, which binds and activates an evolutionary conserved AP-1 site element proximal in the miR-29a promoter. Genetic deletions in muscle cells and adeno-associated virus–mediated overexpression of FGF-2 or SPARC in mouse skeletal muscle revealed that this axis regulates differentiation of fibro/adipogenic progenitors in vitro and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) formation in vivo. Skeletal muscle from human donors aged >75 y versus <55 y showed activation of FGF-2–dependent signaling and increased IMAT. Thus, our data highlights a disparate role of FGF-2 in adult skeletal muscle and reveals a pathway to combat fat accumulation in aged human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals miR-194-5p negatively regulates the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Xudong Mao ◽  
Mingcheng Cai ◽  
Shenqiang Hu ◽  
Xiulan Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Abstract Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), also known as a multipotential stem cell population, play a crucial role during muscle growth and regeneration. In recent years, numerous miRNAs have been associated with the proliferation and differentiation of SMSCs in a number of mammalian species; however, the regulatory mechanisms of miR-194-5p in rabbit SMSCs still remain scarce. In this study, miR-194-5p was first observed to be highly expressed in the rabbit leg muscle. Furthermore, both the mimics and inhibitor of miR-194-5p were used to explore its role in the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit SMSCs cultured in vitro. Results from both EdU and CCK8 assays showed that miR-194-5p inhibited the proliferation of SMSCs. Meanwhile, Mef2c was identified as a target gene of miR-194-5p based on the dual-luciferase reporter assay results. In addition, upregulation of miR-194-5p decreased the expression levels of Mef2c and MyoG during rabbit SMSCs differentiation on Days 3 and 7 of in vitro culture. Taken together, these data demonstrated that miR-194-5p negatively regulates the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit SMSCs by targeting Mef2c.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic acid, HAS1, and HAS2 are significantly upregulated during muscle hypertrophy

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. C577-C588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Calve ◽  
Jahdonna Isaac ◽  
Jonathan P. Gumucio ◽  
Christopher L. Mendias
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Type I ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Regeneration In Vitro ◽  
Muscle Progenitor Cell

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in most vertebrate tissues and is thought to play a significant role during development, wound healing, and regeneration. In vitro studies have shown that HA enhances muscle progenitor cell recruitment and inhibits premature myotube fusion, implicating a role for this glycosaminoglycan in functional repair. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of HA during muscle growth and repair was unknown. We hypothesized that inducing hypertrophy via synergist ablation would increase the expression of HA and the HA synthases (HAS1–HAS3). We found that HA and HAS1–HAS3 were significantly upregulated within the plantaris muscle in response to Achilles tenectomy. HA concentration significantly increased 2.8-fold after 2 days but decreased towards levels comparable to age-matched controls by 14 days. Using immunohistochemistry, we found the colocalization of HAS1–HAS3 with macrophages, blood vessel epithelia, and fibroblasts varied in response to time and/or tenectomy. At the level of gene expression, only HAS1 and HAS2 significantly increased with respect to both time and tenectomy. The profiles of additional genes that influence ECM composition during muscle repair, tenascin-C, type I collagen, the HA-degrading hyaluronidases (Hyal) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were also investigated. Hyal1 and Hyal2 were highly expressed in skeletal muscle but did not change after tenectomy; however, indicators of hypertrophy, MMP-2 and MMP-14, were significantly upregulated from 2 to 14 days. These results indicate that HA levels dynamically change in response to a hypertrophic stimulus and various cells may participate in this mechanism of skeletal muscle adaptation.

scholarly journals HDAC4 Regulates the Proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chicken Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xiaoxu Shen ◽  
Xinao Cao ◽  
Haorong He ◽  
Shunshun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
Chicken Skeletal Muscle

The development of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) is a complex process that could be regulated by many genes. Previous studies have shown that Histone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in mouse. However, the function of HDAC4 in chicken muscle development is still unknown. Given that chicken is a very important meat-producing animal that is also an ideal model to study skeletal muscle development, we explored the functions of HDAC4 in chicken SMSCs after the interference of HDAC4. The results showed that HDAC4 was enriched in embryonic skeletal muscle, and it was highly expressed in embryonic muscle than in postnatal muscles. Meanwhile, knockdown of HDAC4 could significantly inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of chicken SMSCs but had no effect on the apoptosis of SMSCs as observed in a series of experiment conducted in vitro. These results indicated that HDAC4 might play a positive role in chicken skeletal muscle growth and development.

Evidence for a direct action of GH on haemopoietic cells of a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Calduch-Giner ◽  
A Sitjà-Bobadilla ◽  
P Álvarez-Pellitero ◽  
J Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Lower Vertebrate

Abstract Receptors for GH were characterized in the head kidney of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), using radioiodinated and biotinylated ligands. The specific binding of radiolabelled recombinant gilthead sea bream GH (rsbGH) to head kidney membrane preparations was dependent on membrane concentration. Salmon prolactin, salmon gonadotrophin and carp gonadotrophin did not compete for 125I-labelled rsbGH-binding sites. Unlabelled rsbGH competitively displaced 125I-labelled rsbGH bound to head kidney membranes. Scatchard plots were always linear, denoting the presence of a single class of binding sites. The binding affinity (Ka=2·7 × 109 m−1) was equivalent to that found in liver membrane preparations, but the binding capacity (2·5 ±0·30 fmol/mg protein) was 50- to 75-fold lower. To identify the cells which express the GH receptor, head kidney smears were incubated with biotinylated rsbGH, followed by incubation with an avidin–biotin complex conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The reaction with the new-fuchsin substrate gave a red precipitate, showing a specific and intense labelling in erythroblasts, polychromatophilic erythroblasts and myeloblasts. Noticeable binding was observed in myelocytes and immature granulocytes, tending to disappear at the latter stages of granulocyte maturation. Light but appreciable binding was also observed in monocytes, lymphocytes and acidophilic erythroblasts, whereas it was completely absent in proerythrocytes and erythrocytes. The proliferative action of rsbGH and recombinant human IGF-I on in vitro cultures of head kidney cells was demonstrated by a 5-bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine immunoassay. To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides suitable evidence for a role of GH as a haemopoietic growth and differentiation factor in lower vertebrate species. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 459–467

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