Side Effects After Vaccination Using the Pfizer-Biontech (Bnt162b2) Against Sars-Cov-2 in the Young Adults

Abstract Background: In order to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, national immunization programs have started in many countries. Vaccinations are effective in preventing infection and severe clinical form of COVID-19, which affects 15% of patients. Despite the high efficacy of The Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine, the characterization of side effects in age-stratified populations is still not exhaustive in the literature.Aim: The aim of our study is to determine what side effects affect the population of young adults following vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (BNT162b2).Material and methods: An anonymous survey was conducted. People vaccinated with two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BNT162b2) were qualified for the study. The Paired Wilcoxon and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: The main side effects after the first dose were increased pain, pain and swelling at the injection site. After the 2nd dose, the dominant side effects were weakness, fever and headache. In the case of the 2nd dose, no difference in side effects was observed between those who suffered of COVID-19 and those who had no symptoms of COVID-19 in their past medical history.

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Small Molecular Gemcitabine Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190816230650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (33) ◽

pp. 5562-5582 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

He Miao ◽

Xuehong Chen ◽

Yepeng Luan

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Side Effects ◽

Anticancer Drug ◽

Drug Stability ◽

Effective Means ◽

Active Form ◽

Deoxycytidine Kinase ◽

High Efficacy ◽

Pyrimidine Nucleoside ◽

Design And Synthesis

Gemcitabine as a pyrimidine nucleoside analog anticancer drug has high efficacy for a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Gemcitabine is activated within tumor cells by sequential phosphorylation carried out by deoxycytidine kinase to mono-, di-, and triphosphate nucleotides with the last one as the active form. But the instability, drug resistance and toxicity severely limited its utilization in clinics. In the field of medicinal chemistry, prodrugs have proven to be a very effective means for elevating drug stability and decrease undesirable side effects including the nucleoside anticancer drug such as gemcitabine. Many works have been accomplished in design and synthesis of gemcitabine prodrugs, majority of which were summarized in this review.

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Conventional Versus Natural Alternative Treatments for Leishmaniasis: A Review

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026618666181002114448 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 1275-1286 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero ◽

Lucas Antal Cruz ◽

Gabriela Santos-Gomes ◽

Eliana Rodrigues ◽

Márcia Dalastra Laurenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Conventional Therapy ◽

Pathogenic Species ◽

Action Mechanism ◽

In Vivo Assays ◽

Clinical Forms

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by protozoan belonging to the Leishmania genus. There are at least 16 pathogenic species for humans that are able to cause different clinical forms, such as cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis. In spite of the different species and clinical forms, the treatment is performed with few drug options that, in most cases, are considered outdated. In addition, patients under classical treatment show serious side effects during drug administration, moreover parasites are able to become resistant to medicines. Thus, it is believed and well accepted that is urgent and necessary to develop new therapeutic options to overpass these concerns about conventional therapy of leishmaniasis. The present review will focus on the efficacy, side effects and action mechanism of classic drugs used in the treatment of leishmaniasis, as well as the importance of traditional knowledge for directing a rational search toward the discovery and characterization of new and effective molecules (in vivo assays) from plants to be used against leishmaniasis.

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The CAPACITI Decision-Support Tool for National Immunization Programs

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2021.04.1273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siobhan Botwright ◽

Birgitte K. Giersing ◽

Martin I. Meltzer ◽

Anna-Lea Kahn ◽

Mark Jit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Decision Support Tool ◽

Immunization Programs ◽

Support Tool ◽

National Immunization

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Characterization of nuclear materials signatures using statistical analysis processing in conjunction with quantitative morphology: a preliminary study

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s10967-021-07640-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ashton D. Lesiak ◽

Floyd E. Stanley ◽

Lav Tandon

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Nuclear Materials ◽

Quantitative Morphology ◽

Preliminary Study

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A mixed-methods examination of the gap between intelligence and adaptive functioning in autistic young adults without intellectual disability

Autism ◽

10.1177/13623613211018334 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136236132110183

Author(s):

Nicole L Matthews ◽

Kyla Christenson ◽

Sarah Kiefer ◽

Christopher J Smith

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Independent Living ◽

Adaptive Functioning ◽

Parent Report ◽

Intellectual Ability ◽

Standardized Assessments ◽

Service Needs

This study examined adaptive functioning, strategies used to develop adaptive functioning skills, and areas where additional services could benefit autistic young adults without intellectual disability. Participants were 21 autistic young adults and at least one parent of each young adult. Quantitative analyses replicated previous reports of an adaptive functioning disadvantage relative to intellectual functioning such that adaptive functioning standard scores were significantly lower than intelligence quotient scores. Qualitative analysis utilized grounded theory methodology and yielded a conceptual model describing the nature and development of adaptive functioning in this demographic. Together, findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the gap between intellectual and adaptive functioning in autistic young adults without intellectual disability. Lay abstract Adaptive functioning describes the age-appropriate skills necessary for independent living. Research suggests that autistic children, adolescents, and adults who do not have an intellectual disability demonstrate adaptive functioning challenges relative to their intellectual ability. Thus, even though many of these individuals have the intellectual capacity to excel in mainstream educational and vocational settings, their adaptive functioning challenges may serve as an obstacle to independence. The research on adaptive functioning in autistic adults is focused on statistical analysis of standardized assessments (e.g. parent-report on multiple choice questionnaires). Qualitative research that examines the narratives of young adults and their parents is needed to better understand adaptive functioning in young adults and their resulting service needs. This study combined statistical analysis of standardized assessments with qualitative analysis of interview responses from autistic young adults without intellectual disability and their parents. Findings replicated previous reports of adaptive functioning challenges and identified influences on adaptive functioning development, consequences of independence, and service needs. Taken together, findings indicate the need for interventions and services that facilitate adaptive functioning development in autistic adolescents and young adults and provide insight into potential intervention targets and strategies.

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Evaluatıon of adverse events following immunization reported during national immunization programs (Between 2017-2019 in Ankara Province)

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics ◽

10.1080/21645515.2020.1859316 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

A. Çigdem Simsek ◽

Elif Arabulan ◽

Nilufer Tavukçu ◽

Sertaç Çankaya ◽

Belgin Gulhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Immunization Programs ◽

National Immunization

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Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9030256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

Pedro Plans-Rubió

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Action Plan ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

World Health ◽

Immunization Programs ◽

National Immunization ◽

The World ◽

Measles Vaccination ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Vaccine Action Plan with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries and achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage for all routine vaccines by 2020. The study assessed the mean percentages of vaccination coverage in 2019 for 13 routine vaccines, vaccination coverage variation from 2015 to 2019, and herd immunity levels against measles and pertussis in 2019 in countries and regions of WHO. In 2019, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 10 (78.9%) routine vaccines. The mean percentages of vaccination coverage also decreased from 2015 to 2019 for six (46.2%) routine vaccines. The prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced measles immunity in the target measles vaccination population was 88.1%, and the prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced pertussis immunity in the target pertussis vaccination population was 81.1%. Herd immunity against measles viruses with Ro = 18 was established in 63 (32.5%) countries but not established in any region. Herd immunity against pertussis agents was not established in any country and in any region of WHO. National immunization programs must be improved to achieve ≥90% vaccination coverage in all countries and regions. Likewise, it is necessary to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccines and three doses of pertussis vaccines in all countries and regions.

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