scholarly journals Caffeine Prevalence, Daily Consumption, and Factors Associated with Use among Active Duty United States Military Personnel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J Knapik ◽  
Ryan A Steelman ◽  
Daniel W. Trone ◽  
Emily K. Farina ◽  
Harris R. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Although representative data on caffeine intake in Americans are available these data do not include US service members (SMs). The few previous investigations in military personnel largely involve convenience samples. This cross-sectional study examined prevalence of caffeine use, daily consumption, and factors associated with use among United States active duty military service members (SMs). Methods: A stratified random sample of 200,000 SMs were asked to complete a questionnaire on their personal characteristics and consumption of caffeinated products. Eighteen percent (n=26,680) of successfully contacted SMs (n=146,365) completed the questionnaire. Results: Overall, 87% reported consuming caffeinated products ≥1 time/week. Mean ± standard error per-capita consumption (all participants) was 218±2 and 167±3 mg/day for men and women, respectively. Caffeine consumers ingested 243±2 mg/day (251±2 mg/day men, 195±3 mg/day women). On a body-weight basis, men and women consumed respectively similar caffeine amounts (2.93 vs 2.85 mg/day/kg; p=0.12). Among individual caffeinated products, coffee had the highest prevalence (68%), followed by sodas (42%), teas (29%), energy drinks (29%) and gums/candy/medications (4%). In multivariable logistic regression, characteristics independently associated with higher use prevalence (≥1 time/week) included female gender, older age, white race/ethnicity, higher body mass index, tobacco use or former use, greater alcohol intake, and higher enlisted or officer rank. Conclusion: Compared to National Health and Nutrition Survey Examination data, daily consumption (mg/day) by SMs was higher, perhaps reflecting higher mental and physical occupational demands on SMs.

Health and Service-related Impact of Sexual and Stalking Victimization During United States Military Service on LGBT Service Members

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097031
Author(s):  
Cary Leonard Klemmer ◽  
Ashley C. Schuyler ◽  
Mary Rose Mamey ◽  
Sheree M. Schrager ◽  
Carl Andrew Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Service Members ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Military ◽  
Stalking Victimization

Prior research among military personnel has indicated that sexual harassment, stalking, and sexual assault during military service are related to negative health sequelae. However, research specific to LGBT U.S. service members is limited. The current study aimed to explore the health, service utilization, and service-related impact of stalking and sexual victimization experiences in a sample of active-duty LGBT U.S. service members ( N = 248). Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit study participants. U.S. service members were eligible to participate if they were 18 years or older and active-duty members of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, or U.S. Air Force. This study included a sizeable portion of transgender service members ( N = 58, 23.4%). Sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of military service, health, and sexual and stalking victimization in the military were assessed. Regression was used to examine relationships between health and service outcomes and sexual and stalking victimization during military service. Final adjusted models showed that experiencing multiple forms of victimization in the military increased the odds of visiting a mental health clinician and having elevated somatic symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology, anxiety, and suicidality. Sexual and stalking victimization during U.S. military service was statistically significantly related to the mental and physical health of LGBT U.S. service members. Interventions to reduce victimization experiences and support LGBT U.S. service members who experience these types of violence are indicated. Research that examines the role of LGBT individuals’ experiences and organizational and peer factors, including social support, leadership characteristics, and institutional policies in the United States military is needed.

Incidence of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea in active duty United States military service members

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A Moore ◽  
Lynn M Tison ◽  
Javier G Palacios ◽  
Alan L Peterson ◽  
Vincent Mysliwiec
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Service Members ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Study Objectives Epidemiologic studies of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia in the U.S. military are limited. The primary aim of this study was to report and compare OSA and insomnia diagnoses in active duty the United States military service members. Method Data and service branch densities used to derive the expected rates of diagnoses on insomnia and OSA were drawn from the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database. Single sample chi-square goodness of fit tests and independent samples t-tests were conducted to address the aims of the study. Results Between 2005 and 2019, incidence rates of OSA and insomnia increased from 11 to 333 and 6 to 272 (per 10,000), respectively. Service members in the Air Force, Navy, and Marines were diagnosed with insomnia and OSA below expected rates, while those in the Army had higher than expected rates (p < .001). Female service members were underdiagnosed in both disorders (p < .001). Comparison of diagnoses following the transition from ICD 9 to 10 codes revealed significant differences in the amounts of OSA diagnoses only (p < .05). Conclusion Since 2005, incidence rates of OSA and insomnia have markedly increased across all branches of the U.S. military. Despite similar requirements for overall physical and mental health and resilience, service members in the Army had higher rates of insomnia and OSA. This unexpected finding may relate to inherent differences in the branches of the military or the role of the Army in combat operations. Future studies utilizing military-specific data and directed interventions are required to reverse this negative trend.

scholarly journals PERIACETABULAR OSTEOTOMY IN ACTIVE DUTY U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL: A SINGLE CENTER’S EXPERIENCE WITH A MINIMUM OF TWO YEARS FOLLOW-UP

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0014
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Murtha ◽  
Matthew R. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Periacetabular Osteotomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
Active Service ◽  
The Impact

Background: The primary focus of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) literature has been survivorship until hip arthroplasty. This endpoint overlooks its impact on young, active patients. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study sought to assess the impact of the PAO on the careers of active duty members of the United States Armed Forces. Methods: A retrospective review identified 38 patients who underwent PAO performed by a single surgeon at an academic, military medical center from January 2014 through April 2017. Twenty-one of the patients were active duty United States military service members (16 female, 5 male) and had a minimum 28 months of post-operative follow-up at the time of review. Preoperative and postoperative duty restrictions were noted and referrals to the U.S Army and U.S. Air Force Medical Evaluation Boards (MEB) were queried. Results: The average age at surgery was 25.6 years (range, 19-40y). Preoperatively, sixteen patients (94.1%) were on duty restrictions, one had been referred to the MEB, and records were not available on three patients who separated from the military prior to review. Average follow-up was 3.4 years (range, 2.3 – 5.4y). Among the patients without a preoperative MEB referral, 85.0% remained on active duty (n = 12) or completed their military service commitment (n=5). Of the fourteen patients with temporary duty restrictions preoperatively, 35.7% (n=5) were relieved of their restrictions and returned to full duty and 50% (n=7) were retained on active service with permanent duty restrictions. Such permanent duty restrictions typically consisted of modifications to the aerobic component of the semiannual military fitness testing. Six patients (28.6%) were referred to the MEB including one who was referred prior to PAO. Of these patients, two were deemed fit to retain on active service with permanent duty restrictions, two were medically separated for non-hip conditions, and two were medically separated for a hip condition. The average Veteran Affairs (VA) disability score related to hip pathology in patients referred to MEB was 16% (range 0-40%). Conclusion: This is the first study to look at the PAO in active duty military service members. In patients with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia, PAO may provide an opportunity to relieve preoperative duty restrictions and allow for continued military service. Further study with the inclusion of patient reported outcomes are necessary assess the impact of the procedure in this active patient population.

Incidence of physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis among active duty United States military service members

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2974-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Cameron ◽  
Mark S. Hsiao ◽  
Brett D. Owens ◽  
Robert Burks ◽  
Steven J. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Service Members ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Military Service Members

scholarly journals Incidence of Acute Traumatic Patellar Dislocation among Active-Duty United States Military Service Members

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hsiao ◽  
Brett D. Owens ◽  
Robert Burks ◽  
Rodney X. Sturdivant ◽  
Kenneth L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Patellar Dislocation ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Service Members ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Military Service Members

Support for Transgender Military Service from Active Duty United States Military Personnel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Dunlap ◽  
Ian W. Holloway ◽  
Chad E. Pickering ◽  
Michael Tzen ◽  
Jeremy T. Goldbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
United States Military

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Meniscal Injuries Among Active-Duty US Military Service Members

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Jones ◽  
Robert Burks ◽  
Brett D. Owens ◽  
Rodney X. Sturdivant ◽  
Steven J. Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Meniscal Injury ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Active Duty Military

Context:Few population-based studies have examined the incidence of meniscal injuries, and limited information is available on the influence of patient's demographic and occupational factors.Objective:To examine the incidence of meniscal injuries and the influence of demographic and occupational factors among active-duty US service members between 1998 and 2006.Design:Cohort study.Setting:Using the International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) codes 836.0 (medial meniscus), 836.1 (lateral meniscus), and 836.2 (meniscus unspecified), we extracted injury data from the Defense Medical Surveillance System to identify all acute meniscal injuries among active-duty military personnel.Patients or Other Participants:Active-duty military personnel serving in all branches of military service during the study period.Main Outcome Measure(s):Incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-years at risk and crude and adjusted rates by strata for age, sex, race, rank, and service.Results:During the study period, 100201 acute meniscal injuries and 12115606 person-years at risk for injury were documented. The overall IR was 8.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.22, 8.32) per 1000 person-years. Main effects were noted for all demographic and occupational variables (P< .001), indicating that age, sex, race, rank, and service were associated with the incidence of meniscal injuries. Men were almost 20% more likely to experience an acute meniscal injury than were women (incidence rate ratio = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.20). The rate of meniscal injury increased with age; those older than 40 years of age experienced injuries more than 4 times as often as those under 20 years of age (incidence rate ratio = 4.25,95% CI = 4.08, 4.42).Conclusions:The incidence of meniscal injury was sub-stantially higher in this study than in previously reported studies. Male sex, increasing age, and service in the Army or Marine Corps were factors associated with meniscal injuries.

U.S. Military Service and LGBT Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Reilly ◽  
Elizabeth L. Hillman ◽  
Elliot Koltnow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Open Service ◽  
Lgbt People

Examining the evolution of U.S military policy reveals how debates about the rights and opportunities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people have been shaped by military personnel policies, federal laws, and cultural practices within military units. LGBT individuals have experienced U.S. military service through regulatory regimes that have often defined them as burdensome deviants and denied them civil rights enjoyed by other service members. LGBT people have served as volunteers and conscripts, openly and in the closet. Key periods of U.S. military history for LGBT service include World War II, the Cold War, as well as the Vietnam War era, the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) regime (1994–2010), and the post-DADT period (2011 and beyond). During these periods of time, the armed forces and the United States reassessed the regulation of the service of LGBT service members and implemented changes that affected the rights, opportunities, and safety of LGBT military personnel and potential recruits. Those changes traced a path from outright exclusion of open service by LGBT persons to exemption, under which LGBT persons may serve under certain conditions, which often included the threat of expulsion, punishment, and extra-legal violence. In the post-DADT period, inclusion, or open service by some, but not all, LGBT groups, was made legal and safer through changes in law and military regulations and training that protected against some types of gender-identity and sexual orientation discrimination. Because serving openly in the military is a sign of full citizenship in the United States as well as a means of achieving economic security, eliminating limits on LGBT military service has long been a focus of advocates for civil rights. Military service has been perceived as proving a citizen’s loyalty and patriotism as well as offering material and social advancement. With many LGBT people at greater risk of unemployment, homelessness, and premature death as a result of violence and social ostracism, military service has been an especially critical opportunity for political and economic advancement. Honoring this history and identifying existing trends can help the United States, other nations, and international organizations to adapt their policies in recognition of gender and sexual diversity. Even when excluded by formal policy, people have found ways to serve, sometimes at great personal risk. Although their labor is officially lauded as an asset, their contributions and needs have not been fully recognized or appreciated by the state they pledged to serve. As the nation’s largest employer and provider of structural resources, the U.S. military’s support of LGBT military personnel and veterans matters greatly to social equity for a still-vulnerable LGBT population.

scholarly journals A Retrospective, Epidemiological Review of Hemiplegic Migraines in a Military Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A Moore ◽  
Willie J Hale ◽  
Paul S Nabity ◽  
Tyler R Koehn ◽  
Donald McGeary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Service Members ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
Epidemiological Database

Abstract Introduction Headaches are one of the world’s most common disabling conditions. They are also both highly prevalent and debilitating among military personnel and can have a significant impact on fitness for duty. Hemiplegic migraines are an uncommon, yet severely incapacitating, subtype of migraine with aura for which there has been a significant increase amongst US military personnel over the past decade. To date, there has not been a scientific report on hemiplegic migraine in United States military personnel. Materials and Methods The aim of this study was to provide an overview of hemiplegic migraine, to analyze data on the incidence of hemiplegic migraine in US military service members, and to evaluate demographic factors associated with hemiplegic migraine diagnoses. First time diagnoses of hemiplegic migraine were extracted from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database according to ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes for hemiplegic migraine. One sample Chi-Square goodness of fit tests were conducted on weighted demographic samples to determine whether significant proportional differences existed between gender, age, military grade, service component, race, and marital status. Results From 1997 to 2007 there were no cases of hemiplegic migraine recorded in the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database. However, from 2008 to 2017 there was a significant increase in the number of initial diagnoses of hemiplegic migraine, from 4 in 2008 to a high of 101 in 2016. From 2008 to 2017, 597 new cases of hemiplegic migraine were reported among US military service members. Disproportional incidence of hemiplegic migraine was observed for gender, X2 (1, 597) = 297.37, p <.001, age, X2 (5, 597) = 62.60, p <.001, service component, X2 (3, 597) = 31.48, p <.001, pay grade X2 (3, 597) = 57.96, p <.001, and race, X2 (2, 597) = 37.32, p <.001, but not for marital status X2 (1, 597) = 2.57, p >.05. Conclusion Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of initial diagnoses of hemiplegic migraine in Active Duty United States military personnel. Based on these diagnosis rates, there is evidence to suggest that hemiplegic migraine has a higher incidence and prevalence rate among post 9/11 service members of the United States military as compared to the general population. Given the sudden increase in new patients diagnosed with hemiplegic migraine in the past decade, the global prevalence estimates of hemiplegic migraine should be reconsidered. Additionally, the impact of hemiplegic migraine on service member’s duties and responsibilities deserves further consideration.

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