scholarly journals The Method of Measuring Carbon Sinks Based on the Changes of oxygen concentration in Forest Canopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHANGSHAN XING ◽  
JIANG LV ◽  
YUN SHI
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Carbon Neutrality

Abstract Measuring Forest Carbon Sinks is becoming a popular topic as the need of many countries’ carbon neutrality plans. We demonstrate a simple and accurate method of Forest Carbon Sinks measurement. By observing the daily average oxygen concentration in the canopy, we found it presented a parabolic distribution from Spring to Fall in a year. The forest finished the cycle from releasing oxygen and sequestrating carbon dioxide to using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide in this period. We calculated the carbon sequestration of the forest was 101.39t/hm2/y, the Carbon Sink was 15.09t/hm2/y by calculating the changes of oxygen concentration in a growth cycle, the Carbon Sink is 16.29% of the carbon sequestration.

The Carbon Sink Estimation and Carbon Sink Increase Potential of Jiangmen, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 3049-3058
Author(s):  
Qiu Ju Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Open Forests

The sequestration of forest, farmland, and Green garden carbon inJiangmen City during 2004 to 2010 has been estimated. The biggest carbon sink in 2010 is the forest, with an annual carbon sequestration of ; next is the farmland, with an annual carbon sequestration of . The C uptaken by these two types of carbon sinks accounts for 95% of all the carbon sinks in Jiangmen City. Potentials for the increase of carbon sinks are then discussed. To popularize growing green manure during winter may increase carbon sequestration at about every year. If all the newly established open forests in the whole City in 2010 are fenced for forest conservation, an annual carbon sequestration of may be expected to increase in two years. If the per mu yield of crops below the average of Guangdong Province in 2010 are increased to the average, an annual carbon sequestration of may increase.

Floodplain forest carbon exchange – a micrometeorological point of view

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kowalska ◽  
Georg Jocher ◽  
Ladislav Šigut ◽  
Marian Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
The Impact

<p>Since the eddy covariance (EC) method became a key method for measurements of the energy and greenhouse gas exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere, a large number of studies was conducted to understand the mechanisms driving the carbon exchange in forest ecosystems. In recent years, case studies further focused on testing and validating the applicability of the EC technique above forest ecosystems, also assessing the spatial and temporal variability of sub canopy fluxes. These studies led to the conclusion that there is a high probability of overestimating the forest carbon sink strength with EC measurements above the forest canopy only, as these measurements may miss respiration components from within and below the canopy due to insufficient mixing across the canopy. Additional below canopy EC measurements were suggested to tackle this problem and to get information about potential decoupling between below and above forest canopy air masses as well as potentially missing respiration components in the above canopy derived signal.</p><p>The overall goal of the study here is to derive an as detailed as possible understanding of the carbon exchange in Lanžhot floodplain forest with the help of concurrent EC measurements below and above the forest canopy. Lanžhot floodplain forest is situated 6.5 km north of the confluence of the Morava and Thaya rivers in Czech Republic (48.6815483 N, 16.9463317 E). The long-term average annual precipitation at this site is around 517 mm and the mean annual temperature is 9.5 °C. The average groundwater level is -2.7 m. Since a long time flooding occurs here very rarely, the last flooding event was in 2013. In addition, the site is hydrologically managed. Consequently, the water regime of the site changed over the years and represents nowadays relatively dry conditions for such type of ecosystem.</p><p>To reach our research goal we evaluate different single- and two-level filtering strategies of the above canopy derived carbon exchange values and the impact of these filterings on the annual ecosystem carbon exchange rates. Our hypothesis is that conventional single-level EC flux filtering strategies like the u<sub>*</sub>-filtering might not be sufficient to fully capture the carbon exchange of the studied floodplain forest ecosystem. We further hypothesize that additional below canopy EC measurements are mandatory to achieve unbiased forest carbon exchange values with the EC technique.</p>

scholarly journals Forest Carbon Sink Evaluation – An Important Contribution for Carbon Neutrality

2021 ◽  
Vol 811 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Keren Chen ◽  
Qiyuan Cai ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Yinan Li ◽  
Changyong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Neutrality

scholarly journals The Missing Limb: Including Impacts of Biomass Extraction on Forest Carbon Stocks in GHG Balances of Wood Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Fehrenbach ◽  
Mascha Bischoff ◽  
Hannes Böttcher ◽  
Judith Reise ◽  
Klaus Josef Hennenberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Global Carbon

The global carbon neutrality challenge places a spotlight on forests as carbon sinks. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) balances of wood for material and energy use often reveal GHG emission savings in comparison with a non-wood reference. Is it thus better to increase wood production and use, or to conserve and expand the carbon stock in forests? GHG balances of wood products mostly ignore the dynamics of carbon storage in forests, which can be expressed as the carbon storage balance in forests (CSBF). For Germany, a CSBF of 0.25 to 1.15 t CO2/m³ wood can be assumed. When the CSBF is integrated into the GHG balance, GHG mitigation substantially deteriorates and wood products may even turn into a GHG source, e.g. in the case of energy wood. Here, building up the forest carbon sink would be the better option. We conclude that it is vital to include the CSBF in GHG balances of wood products if the wood is extracted from forests. Only then can GHG balances provide political decision-makers and stakeholders in the wood sector with a complete picture of GHG emissions.

Research on Development Status and Countermeasures of Carbon Sequestration Finance in Chinese Cigarette Manufacturing Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2648-2656
Author(s):  
Xiao Juntao ◽  
Huang Aiqin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
The Operating Mechanism ◽  
Cigarette Manufacturing

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to put forward countermeasures for the development of carbon sequestration finance in China’s tobacco industry. This paper mainly adopts the methods of literature review, induction and deduction, and data analysis to analyze the operating mechanism of Carbon sink finance in China and the current situation of carbon sink finance in China’s tobacco industry. Carbon sinks the financial results of the study is the Chinese tobacco industry is carbon sequestration project development and high transaction costs low profits, the carbon trading market is not active carbon sink tobacco industry financial development, insurance products for carbon sinks such problems as insufficient financial support carbon sink financial development, China’s carbon emissions need detailed and clear as soon as possible the tobacco manufacturing enterprises quota, carbon sequestration project cost reduce tobacco manufacturing industry, Improve the participation of market subjects including tobacco manufacturing enterprises in carbon sink trading market, construct the tobacco industry carbon sink industry chain, improve the corresponding carbon sink mechanism, and attract private capital to join the tobacco industry carbon sink financial project.

scholarly journals Decadal Variability in Land Carbon Sink Efficiency Reveals Apparent Trend Reversal After 2009

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Ana Bastos ◽  
Ashley P. Ballantyne ◽  
Frederic Chevallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
A Value ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions

Abstract Background: The climate mitigation target of limiting the temperature increase below 2 °C above the pre-industrial levels requires the efforts from all countries. Tracking the trajectory of the land carbon sink efficiency is thus crucial to evaluate the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Here, we define the instantaneous land sink efficiency as the ratio of natural land carbon sinks to emissions from fossil fuel and land-use and land-cover change with a value of 1 indicating carbon neutrality to track its temporal dynamics in the past decades.Results: Land sink efficiency has been decreasing during 1957-1990 because of the increased emissions from fossil fuel. After the effect of the Pinatubo eruption diminished (after 1994), the land sink efficiency firstly increased before 2009 and then began to decrease again after 2009. This reversal around 2009 is mostly attributed to changes in land sinks in Latin America in response to climate variations.Conclusions: The decreasing trend of land sink efficiency in the recent years reveals greater challenges in climate change mitigation, and impacts of climate on land carbon sinks need to be accurately quantified to assess the implementation of climate mitigation policies.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FOREST CANOPY AND UNDERSTORY GAP FRACTION DERIVED FROM TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Chen ◽  
C. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gap Fraction ◽  
Forest Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Non Destructive

The quantification of forest carbon sequestration is helpful to understand the carbon storage on the Earth. The estimation of forest carbon sequestration can be achieved by the use of leaf area index (LAI), which is derived from forest gap fraction. The hemispherical image-based technique is the most popular non-destructive means for obtaining such information. However, only the gap fraction of the top canopy is derived due to the limitation of imaging technique. The gap fraction information of understory is thus neglected. In this study, we evaluate the use of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to obtain the forest canopy and understory gap fraction. The forest TLS data were manually classified as the top canopy and understory layers to facilitate the estimation of top canopy and understory gap fraction, respectively.

scholarly journals Forest Carbon Sequestration, Pathogens and the Costs of the EU’s 2050 Climate Targets

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing-Marie Gren ◽  
Abenezer Aklilu ◽  
Katarina Elofsson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Forest Carbon Sequestration ◽  
The Impact

Carbon sequestration is suggested as a low-cost option for climate change mitigation, the functioning of which can be threatened by pathogen infestation. This study calculates the effects of infectious pathogens on the cost of achieving the EU’s 2050 climate targets by combining the so-called production function method with the replacement cost method. Pathogens are then assumed to affect carbon sink enhancement through the impact on productivity of forest land, and carbon sequestration is valued as the replacement for costly reductions in emissions from fossil fuels for reaching the EU’s 2050 climate targets. To this end, we have constructed a numerical dynamic optimization model with a logistic forest growth function, a simple allometric representation of the spread of pathogens in forests, and reductions in emissions from fossil fuels. The results show that the annual value of forest carbon sequestration ranges between approximately 6.4 and 14.9 billion Euros, depending on the impact and dispersal of pathogens. Relatively large values are obtained for countries with large emissions from fossil fuels, e.g., Germany, France, Spain and Italy, which also face costs of pathogen together with countries with large forest area, such as Romania.

scholarly journals Decadal variability in land carbon sink efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Ana Bastos ◽  
Ashley P. Ballantyne ◽  
Frederic Chevallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Carbon Neutrality

Abstract Background The climate mitigation target of limiting the temperature increase below 2 °C above the pre-industrial levels requires the efforts from all countries. Tracking the trajectory of the land carbon sink efficiency is thus crucial to evaluate the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Here, we define the instantaneous land sink efficiency as the ratio of natural land carbon sinks to emissions from fossil fuel and land-use and land-cover change with a value of 1 indicating carbon neutrality to track its temporal dynamics in the past decades. Results Land sink efficiency has been decreasing during 1957–1990 because of the increased emissions from fossil fuel. After the effect of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption diminished (after 1994), the land sink efficiency firstly increased before 2009 and then began to decrease again after 2009. This reversal around 2009 is mostly attributed to changes in land sinks in tropical regions in response to climate variations. Conclusions The decreasing trend of land sink efficiency in recent years reveals greater challenges in climate change mitigation, and that climate impacts on land carbon sinks must be accurately quantified to assess the effectiveness of regional scale climate mitigation policies.

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