Research on Development Status and Countermeasures of Carbon Sequestration Finance in Chinese Cigarette Manufacturing Industry

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to put forward countermeasures for the development of carbon sequestration finance in China’s tobacco industry. This paper mainly adopts the methods of literature review, induction and deduction, and data analysis to analyze the operating mechanism of Carbon sink finance in China and the current situation of carbon sink finance in China’s tobacco industry. Carbon sinks the financial results of the study is the Chinese tobacco industry is carbon sequestration project development and high transaction costs low profits, the carbon trading market is not active carbon sink tobacco industry financial development, insurance products for carbon sinks such problems as insufficient financial support carbon sink financial development, China’s carbon emissions need detailed and clear as soon as possible the tobacco manufacturing enterprises quota, carbon sequestration project cost reduce tobacco manufacturing industry, Improve the participation of market subjects including tobacco manufacturing enterprises in carbon sink trading market, construct the tobacco industry carbon sink industry chain, improve the corresponding carbon sink mechanism, and attract private capital to join the tobacco industry carbon sink financial project.

Pengaruh Penjualan Dan Harga Pokok Penjualan Terhadap Laba Bersih

The problems raised in this study are: analyzing, analyzing and analyzing the analysis and sales and cost of goods sold to net income. The listed companies in the cigarette manufacturing sub-sector were IDX 2011-2019. The number of samples taken were 4 (three) cigarette sub-sector companies from 5 cigarette company populations that had published complete annual financial reports during the study period. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This thesis is expected to contribute to the development of accounting, especially financial accounting. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method verivicative with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, the results were obtained; Sales have a significant positive effect on net income. And the Sales Price in a partial test has a negative effect on net income, on the same or simultaneous test, Sales and COGS are known to have a significant effect on Net Income. Keywords: Sales, COGS, Net Income,

Research on the transformation path of cigarette consumers’ internal quality demand based on AHP and Shapley value decomposition

Consumers’ evaluation of cigarette quality directly affects their willingness to repeat purchase. In order to find out the relationship between the consumer evaluation indicator and the quality of cigarette products, to effectively guide the improvement of cigarette manufacturing technology, based on the evaluation standards of the sensory quality of the cigarette industry, the hierarchical structure indicator of attribute elements of cigarette products are established by using the analytic hierarchy process. Through the quantitative investigation of consumers and the investigation of experts, combined with the correlation analysis, the correlation degree between the evaluation indicators of consumers and the design elements of product attributes is verified, and the path is modified and optimized by Shapley value decomposition method. Finally, the transformation path of the internal quality demand of cigarette consumers is completed Build. The establishment of this path can effectively solve the problems of correlation between cigarette sensory quality and cigarette manufacturing technology, as well as the corresponding relationship between cigarette sensory quality and consumer evaluation of cigarette quality indicators. It is of considerable significance to effectively guide the improvement of cigarette product formula and improve consumer satisfaction through consumer evaluation.

ANALISIS ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED / EVA (Studi Analisis pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Rokok di BEI)

This study aims to determine the financial performance of cigarette manufacturing companies listed on the BEI by using EVA analysis, and prove positive accounting earnings will have or do not have a positive EVA value. By using sample 4 (four) cigarette manufacturing companies listed on BEI, the result of this research mention that there are 3 of 4 or (75%) cigarette manufacturing companies listed on BEI experiencing EVA > 0 value, and profit positive accounting does not necessarily make the EVA value positive as well. This is due to an increase in the cost of equity capital that contributes the largest cost to the WACC figure which results in high capital charger borne by the company.

Feasibility Study of Company Investment on Public Cigarette Manufacturing Companies

The number of tobacco manufacturing companies is decreasing significantly, above 60 (sixty) companies on average every year. However, the cigarette companies contribute a significant amount to the state revenues, with an increase of more than 5 (five) trillion rupiah every year. Based on the data, we want to know the feasibility of investing in a cigarette company in the future. The method used includes four stages starting from data collection, data analysis, preliminary data processing, and concluding. This research use three sample companies: PT. Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk, PT. Gudang Garam Tbk, and PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk. The results showed that based on the ROI, NPV, IRR, and BEP, PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. is the most feasible, followed by PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk. Meanwhile, PT. Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk not feasible for investment.

Selected Constituent Yield Variation in the Smoke of Commercial Cigarette Brands on the Japanese Market

Summary This study focused on the variation in the yields of constituents in smoke from commercial cigarette brands available on the Japanese market. Nineteen commercial cigarette brands were sampled five times every two months from 2009 to 2010. The target constituents were benzo[a]-pyrene, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), carbon monoxide, “tar”, and nicotine. The results of this study showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) values varied greatly by brands, constituents, and smoking regimes. The yields of NNN and NNK in the smoke were strongly correlated to their yields in the tobacco filler blend for most brands. The yields of benzo[a]pyrene under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Health Canada Intense (HCI) smoking regimes and 1,3-butadiene under the HCI smoking regime were found to be influenced by the measurement. It was shown that factors for variation were highly varied among constituents. The grand mean of CV values for NNN and formaldehyde associated with cigarette manufacturing over ten months and measurement at the JT laboratory under the HCI smoking regimes were 17.1% and 6.6% respectively. The grand mean of CV values for NNN and formaldehyde associated with both cigarette manufacturing over ten months and measurement at different laboratories under the HCI smoking regimes were 23.7% and 22.9% respectively. This is due to the fact that formaldehyde showed the highest CV values for reproducibility among the constituents. Thus, in order to set realistic and robust confidence intervals, it is very important to take into account the variations associated with cigarette manufacturing and measurement within and between laboratories.