scholarly journals Microbial Biogas Production From Pork Gelatine.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaweł Sołowski
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Process

Abstract Dark fermentation of collagen (gelatine) results are shown in this research. The concentrations of applied gelatine were of VSS (volatile suspended solids) from 10 g VSS/L to 30 g VSS/L. The initial process pH was 5.5, depending on concentration reached pH values from 7.5 to 7.8 after 55 days. Although inoculum was heat-shocked in the case of 30 g VSS/L of collagen the process was hydrogenotrophic anaerobic digestion. In collagen concentration below 30 g VSS/L, hydrogen production was dominant only in the first 5 days of experiments. Then there also changed from dark fermentation into hydrogenotrophic methane production. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. The optimal hydrogen and methane yields were for concentration 10 g VSS/L (7.65 mL H2 /g VSS, and 3.49 L CH4/ g VSS). In 10 g VSS/L was also the lowest accumulated emission of hydrogen sulphide (10.3 mL of H2S), while the lowest yield was for 30 g VSS/L (0.44 mL H2S /g VSS). After a lag time, the hydrogen production and hydrogen sulphide grew with a specific ratio depending on concentration. Collagen, a protein with known amounts of sulphur allowed determining the origin of hydrogen sulphide in biogas. The hydrogen sulphide emission and sulphur added analysis proved that hydrogen sulphide origins in biogas from bacteria remains more than from substrate.

scholarly journals A shift from anaerobic digestion to dark fermentation in glycol ethylene fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaweł Sołowski ◽  
Tadeusz Ziminski ◽  
Adam Cenian
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Optimal Ratio

AbstractAnaerobic digestion of aqueous glycol ethylene was tested. The process lasted two cycles of 7 days, but after the second cycle, high hydrogen production occurred shift to dark fermentation. The biogas production lasted 14 days, obtaining peak values of hydrogen, and then rapidly stopped. In investigations, the following were checked: dependence of hydrogen, methane and hydrogen sulphide in the process. Mixtures of water with glycol ethylene mass ratio from 0.6 to 0.85 were substrates in experiments. The highest methane production was for water ethylene 0.7 ratio 2.85 L of methane with a yield of 178 mL of methane/g VSS (volatile suspended solids) of glycol ethylene. The optimal ratio of water and glycol ethylene was 0.85 25.5 mL of hydrogen (giving yield 1.71 mL of hydrogen/g VSS of glycol ethylene) and 1.71 mL of hydrogen sulphide emission for a 0.6 ratio. Popular polymer industry wastes, glycol ethylene, can be utilised by anaerobic digestion.

scholarly journals Hydrogen and Methane Production Under Conditions of Anaerobic Digestion of Key-Lime and Cabbage Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaweł Sołowski ◽  
Izabela Konkol ◽  
Bartosz Hrycak ◽  
Dariusz Czylkowski
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Key Lime

In this article, the results of key lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia) wastes and cabbage (Brassica L.) wastes anaerobic digestion are presented. Anaerobic digestion of the wastes was performed in batch process, neutral pH (key-lime 7.47 and cabbage 7.67) and substrate concentration of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) 10 gVSS/L. One of the aims of this research was to check the availability of these substrates to be the source of methane and hydrogen. Key lime wastes produced 32 times more methane than raw cabbage. However, hydrogen production from cabbage was 149 times higher than key lime. The percentage of methane production in cabbage was up to 81% and in key lime was up to 75%. This research showed from the substrates comparison that efficient hydrogen production is less dependent on low pKa, pH than on total solids of the substrates.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on the Economic Potential of Dark Fermentation Products from Used Disposable Nappies and Expired Food Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4099
Author(s):  
Dimitris Zagklis ◽  
Marina Papadionysiou ◽  
Konstantina Tsigkou ◽  
Panagiota Tsafrakidou ◽  
Constantina Zafiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ph Values

Used disposable nappies constitute a waste stream that has no established treatment method. The purpose of this study was the assessment of the dark fermentation of used disposable nappies and expired food products under different pH values. The biodegradable part of the used disposable nappies was recovered and co-fermented with expired food products originating from supermarkets. The recoverable economic potential of the process was examined for different volatile fatty acids exploitation schemes and process pH values. The process pH strongly affected the products, with optimum hydrogen production at pH 6 (4.05 NLH2/Lreactor), while the amount of produced volatile fatty acids was maximized at pH 7 (13.44 g/L). Hydrogen production was observed at pH as low as pH 4.5 (2.66 NLH2/Lreactor). The recoverable economic potential was maximized at two different pH values, with the first being pH 4.5 with minimum NaOH addition requirements (181, 138, and 296 EUR/ton VS of substrate for valorization of volatile fatty acids through microbial fuel cell, biodiesel production, and anaerobic digestion, respectively) and the second being pH 6, where the hydrogen production was maximized with the simultaneous production of high amounts of volatile fatty acids (191, 142, and 339 EUR/ton VS of substrate respectively).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Energy Recovery Potential by Anaerobic Digestion and Dark Fermentation of Residual Biomass in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Amado ◽  
Cristian Barca ◽  
Mario A. Hernández ◽  
Jean-Henry Ferrasse
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Crucial Information

This study provides the first overview in Colombia on energy recovery potential by anaerobic digestion (AD) and dark fermentation (DF) of three different residual biomasses: coffee mucilage (CFM), cocoa mucilage (CCM), and swine manure (SM). First, AD and DF models were developed based on the ADM1 model. Then, simulated biogas production yields were compared to experimental data to validate the models. The results of comparative simulations indicate that energy recovery potentials from biogas for the different Colombian departments range from 148 to 48,990 toe, according to the local production amounts of CFM, CCM, and SM in 2017. The study provides crucial information that can be used to assess the best design, operation mode, and locations of AD and DF plants in Colombia. The results indicate that biogas production performances and energy recovery yields improve by increasing CFM/SM and/or CCM/SM ratios of the feed, and by increasing organic load from 2 to 26 gCOD∙l−1.

scholarly journals Use of Confectionery Waste in Biogas Production by the Anaerobic Digestion Process

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka ◽  
Piotr Boniecki ◽  
Maciej Zaborowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chemical Equations ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Methane Potential

It was the objective of this study to verify the efficiency and stability of anaerobic digestion (AD) for selected confectionery waste, including chocolate bars (CB), wafers (W), and filled wafers (FW), by inoculation with digested cattle slurry and maize silage pulp. Information in the literature on biogas yield for these materials and on their usefulness as substrate in biogas plants remains to be scarce. Owing to its chemical structure, including the significant content of carbon-rich carbohydrates and fat, the confectionery waste has a high biomethane potential. An analysis of the AD process indicates differences in the fluctuations of the pH values of three test samples. In comparison with W and FW, CB tended to show slightly more reduced pH values in the first step of the process; moreover an increase in the content of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was recorded. In the case of FW, the biogas production process showed the highest stability. Differences in the decomposition dynamics for the three types of test waste were accounted for by their different carbohydrate contents and also different biodegradabilities of specific compounds. The highest efficiency of the AD process was obtained for the filled wafers, where the biogas volumes, including methane, were 684.79 m3 Mg−1 VS and 506.32 m3 Mg−1 VS, respectively. A comparable volume of biogas (673.48 m3 Mg−1 VS) and a lower volume of methane (407.46 m3 Mg−1 VS) were obtained for chocolate bars. The lowest volumes among the three test material types, i.e., 496.78 m3 Mg−1 VS (biogas) and 317.42 m3 Mg−1 VS (methane), were obtained for wafers. This article also proposes a method of estimation of the biochemical methane potential (theoretical BMP) based on the chemical equations of degradation of sugar, fats, and proteins and known biochemical composition (expressed in grams).

Influence of the Inoculation Volume on Methanogenesis by Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion with Residue from Hydrogen Production Fermentation Using Combined Substrate of Sludge and Food Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
Hong Xin Luo ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yu Fang Yu ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Jian Yong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen

This paper investigated the influence of the inoculation volume of dewatering sludge on thermophilic anaerobic digestion in residue of fermentative hydrogen production using combined sludge and food waste in batch experimental systems. The inoculum to residue ratios were 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, respectively. The results showed that the biogas production increased with the inoculation volume except for 90%,and the optimum inoculation volume was 70%.

Hydrogen sulphide removal in the anaerobic digestion of sludge by micro-aerobic processes: pilot plant experience

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3045-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fdz.-Polanco ◽  
I. Díaz ◽  
S. I. Pérez ◽  
A. C. Lopes ◽  
F. Fdz.-Polanco
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
H2s Removal ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Aerobic Processes

H2S removal from biogas produced in anaerobic digestion of sludge through the introduction of oxygen under micro-aerobic conditions is studied. Research was carried out in two pilot plant reactors (working volume, 200 L each) treating sludge from WWTP with HRT of 20 days. Mixing was provided via sludge or biogas recirculation. Introduction of very low oxygen flow (0.013–0.024 L/Lreactor d) successfully removed H2S content in biogas with an efficiency above 99%. Reactor performance during micro-aerobic operation in terms of biogas production, methane yield and COD removal were not affected by the amount of oxygen supplied, remaining stable and similar to the anaerobic behaviour. Sludge recirculation (∼50 L/h) and biogas recirculation (∼3.5 L/min) as mixing methods were found not significant in H2S removal from biogas while biogas recirculation reduced by 10 times dissolved sulphide concentration compared to sludge recirculation.

Effects of heat treatment on microbial communities of granular sludge for biological hydrogen production

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Alibardi ◽  
Lorenzo Favaro ◽  
Maria Cristina Lavagnolo ◽  
Marina Basaglia ◽  
Sergio Casella
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Batch Test ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

Dark fermentation shares many features with anaerobic digestion with the exception that to maximize hydrogen production, methanogens and hydrogen-consuming bacteria should be inhibited. Heat treatment is widely applied as an inoculum pre-treatment due to its effectiveness in inhibiting methanogenic microflora but it may not exclusively select for hydrogen-producing bacteria. This work evaluated the effects of heat treatment on microbial viability and structure of anaerobic granular sludge. Heat treatment was carried out on granular sludge at 100 °C with four residence times (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h). Hydrogen production of treated sludges was studied from glucose by means of batch test at different pH values. Results indicated that each heat treatment strongly influenced the granular sludge resulting in microbial communities having different hydrogen productions. The highest hydrogen yields (2.14 moles of hydrogen per mole of glucose) were obtained at pH 5.5 using the sludge treated for 4 h characterized by the lowest CFU concentration (2.3 × 103CFU/g sludge). This study demonstrated that heat treatment should be carefully defined according to the structure of the sludge microbial community, allowing the selection of highly efficient hydrogen-producing microbes.

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

Biogas Production from Community Waste to Optimise the Substrate for Anaerobic Digestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Antony P. Pallan ◽  
S. Antony Raja ◽  
C. G. Varma ◽  
Deepak Mathew D.K. ◽  
Anil K. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production
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