scholarly journals IPC Prediction of Patent Documents Using Neural Network with Attention for Hierarchical Structure

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Hoshino ◽  
Yoshimasa Utsumi ◽  
Yoshiro Matsuda ◽  
Yoshitoshi Tanaka ◽  
Kazuhide Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Patent Examiner ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
Selection For

Abstract International patent classifications (IPCs) are assigned to patent documents; however, since the procedure for assigning classifications is manually done by the patent examiner, it takes a lot of time and effort to select some IPCs from about 70,000 IPCs. Hence, some research has been conducted on patent classification with machine learning. However, patent documents are very voluminous, and learning with all the claims (the part describing the content of the patent) as input would run out of the necessary memory. Therefore, most of the existing methods learn by excluding some information, such as using only the first claim as input. In this study, we propose a model that considers the contents of all claims by extracting important information for input. We also propose a new decoder that considers the hierarchical structure of the IPC. Finally, we evaluate the model using an evaluation index that assumes the actual use of IPC selection for patent documents.

scholarly journals Science Inside Law: The Making of a New Patent Class in the International Patent Classification

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Yoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
The Novel ◽  
International Patent Classification ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
Patentable Invention ◽  
Legal Understanding

ArgumentRecent studies of patents have argued that the very materiality and techniques of legal media, such as the written patent document, are vital for the legal construction of a patentable invention. Developing the centrality placed on patent documents further, it becomes important to understand how these documents are ordered and mobilized. Patent classification answers the necessity of making the virtual nature of textual claims practicable by linking written inscription to bureaucracy. Here, the epistemological organization of documents overlaps with the grid of patent administration. How are scientific inventions represented in such a process? If we examine the process of creating a new patent category within the International Patent Classification (IPC), it becomes clear that disagreements about the substance of the novel inventive subject matter have been resolved by computer simulations of patent documents in draft classifications. The practical needs of patent examiners were the most important concerns in the making of a new category. Such a lack of epistemological mediation between the scientific and legal identities of an invention depicts a legal understanding that science is already inside patent law. From an internal legal perspective, the self-referential introduction of the new patent category may make practical sense; however it becomes problematic from a technological and scientific standpoint as the remit of the patent classification also affects other social contexts and practices.

scholarly journals Patentes de medicamentos e a indústria farmacêutica nacional: estudo dos depósitos feitos no Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Collazo Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Research Development ◽  
International Patent Classification ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
The Law

The law of Generics allowed the growth of national industries, But investment in Research, Development and Innovation (P, D & I) remained practically null. Based on this scenario of fragility of the Brazilian industry, a research in database of patent documents, using as methodology, a search strategy, according to the International Patent Classification (IPC) was done. This survey, based on the analysis of the patent documents obtained, allowed us to reach the objective of the study, which is to introduce the situation of the national pharmaceutical industries in relation to investment in innovation. The results indicate the lack of investments in innovation in Brazil, allowing the conclusion that the country is totally dependent on the imports of medicines. This fact positions the multinational industries in a situation of superiority, facilitating the practice of abusive prices, since these take advantage of the patent protection.

Evolution of World and Brazilian Markets for Enzymes Produced by Solid-state Fermentation: A Patent Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Heb C.S.R. Rodrigues ◽  
Andrea L. Carvalho ◽  
Carolina O. Souza ◽  
Marcelo A. Umsza-Guez
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Classification Code ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
International Patent ◽  
The World ◽  
Pacific Asia ◽  
Patent Documents

Background: The use of enzymes in various industrial processes has become increasingly frequent. When added to productive processes, it can accelerate reactions and generate a number of new products. The solid state fermentation (SSF), among other applications, has been employed also to obtain enzymes. Objective: The purpose of this prospection was to map registered patent documents about enzymes production by this type of fermentation in the world, identify the most obtained enzymes with patent documents and compilate information about the world and Brazilian enzyme markets. Methods: The experimental design was carried out by the keyword-driven scope through the advanced search in the Espacenet database European Patent Office (EPO). The keywords selected were solid-state fermentation and the International Patent Classification code, C12N9 (enzymes; proenzymes), for prospecting of interest. Results: In 2012, there was the higher number of registered patents (12). China holds 84% of deposited patents. Among the types of depositors, 54% of the selected patent documents were deposited by universities and institutes, and 44% by companies. 76.5% of the evaluated patents used fungi as enzyme producer. Analyzing the enzymes obtained in the registered patents, it is verified that the majority belongs to the group of carbohydrases with 43%, followed by proteases (25%), which are also the two classes of enzymes most commercialized in the market. Conclusion: China holds the majority of the registered patents but North America gets the largest global enzyme market revenue followed by Europe and Pacific Asia. Carbohydrases were the most commercialized enzymes and with the highest number of patents registered. Among the carbohydrases, cellulases, xylanases and amylases are the most frequent in patent registration while being fungi produced.

Application of Liposomes in Cancer Therapy: An Assessment of the Advancement of Technology Through Patent Documents

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Devequi Gomes Nunes ◽  
Ingrid Lessa Leal ◽  
Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira ◽  
Tatiara Lima Régis da Silva ◽  
Valter de Senna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Activity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University

Background: Cancer is caused by mutations in oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor activity. Despite the efforts of the pharmaceutical industry to fight cancer, it is necessary to investigate new methods to enhance the action against this disease. In this scenario, liposome technology has emerged as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of liposome technology in the treatment of cancer through analysis of patent documents. Methods: We analyzed prospective documents in the Derwent Innovation Index database. Results: A total of 203 patent documents were related to the area of interest, published between 2000 and 2020, and the USA and Japan were shown as countries with the largest number of publications. Moreover, most of these publications came from companies, however, also with representation of important universities, mainly the University of California.. According to the International Patent Classification, the codes most applicable to the documents were the area of human necessities and chemistry. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the study and application of liposomes for the development of cancer treatment tended to grow, along with the number of related patents.

Parafia unicka w Rachaniach do 1811 roku/ The Uniate Parish in Rachanie until 1811

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

AbstractThe following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.

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