Application of Liposomes in Cancer Therapy: An Assessment of the Advancement of Technology Through Patent Documents

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Devequi Gomes Nunes ◽  
Ingrid Lessa Leal ◽  
Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira ◽  
Tatiara Lima Régis da Silva ◽  
Valter de Senna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Activity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University

Background: Cancer is caused by mutations in oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor activity. Despite the efforts of the pharmaceutical industry to fight cancer, it is necessary to investigate new methods to enhance the action against this disease. In this scenario, liposome technology has emerged as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of liposome technology in the treatment of cancer through analysis of patent documents. Methods: We analyzed prospective documents in the Derwent Innovation Index database. Results: A total of 203 patent documents were related to the area of interest, published between 2000 and 2020, and the USA and Japan were shown as countries with the largest number of publications. Moreover, most of these publications came from companies, however, also with representation of important universities, mainly the University of California.. According to the International Patent Classification, the codes most applicable to the documents were the area of human necessities and chemistry. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the study and application of liposomes for the development of cancer treatment tended to grow, along with the number of related patents.

scholarly journals Applications of Silver Nanoparticles in Dentistry: Advances and Technological Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Clara Couto Fernandez ◽  
Ana Rita Sokolonski ◽  
Maísa Santos Fonseca ◽  
Danijela Stanisic ◽  
Danilo Barral Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
International Patent Classification ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prevention Of Infections

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been successfully applied in several areas due to their significant antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. In dentistry, AgNP can be applied in disinfection, prophylaxis, and prevention of infections in the oral cavity. In this work, the use of silver nanoparticles in dentistry and associated technological innovations was analyzed. The scientific literature was searched using PubMed and Scopus databases with descriptors related to the use of silver nanoparticles in dentistry, resulting in 90 open-access articles. The search for patents was restricted to the A61K code (International Patent Classification), using the same descriptors, resulting in 206 patents. The results found were ordered by dental specialties and demonstrated the incorporation of AgNPs in different areas of dentistry. In this context, the search for patents reaffirmed the growth of this technology and the dominance of the USA pharmaceutical industry over AgNPs product development. It could be concluded that nanotechnology is a promising area in dentistry with several applications.

Canada’s changing innovation landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Razib Alam ◽  
Bonwoo Koo ◽  
Brian Paul Cozzarin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Our objective is to study Canada’s patenting activity over time in aggregate terms by destination country, by assignee and destination country, and by diversification by country of destination. We collect bibliographic patent data from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We identify 19,957 matched Canada–US patents, 34,032 Canada-only patents, and 43,656 US-only patents from 1980 to 2014. Telecommunications dominates in terms of International Patent Classification technologies for US-only and Canada–US patents. At the firm level, the greatest number of matched Canada–US patents were granted in the field of telecommunications, at the university level in pharmaceuticals, at the government level in control and instrumentation technology, and at the individual level in civil engineering. We use entropy to quantify technological diversification and find that diversification indices decline over time for Canada and the USA; however, all US indices decline at a faster rate.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Global Coronavirus Research Trends Before COVID-19: Prospects and Implications for COVID-19 Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijing Yan ◽  
Meixuan Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhenxing Lu ◽  
Xu Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University

Coronaviruses (CoV) cause respiratory and intestinal infections. We conducted this bibliometric analysis and systematical review to explore the CoV-related research trends from before COVID-19. We systematically searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science (WOS) databases for published bibliometric analyses of CoV from database inception to January 24, 2021. The WOS Collection was searched from inception to January 31, 2020, to acquire the CoV-related publications before COVID-19. One-Way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple-comparison tests were used to compare differences. Visualization mapping and keyword cluster graphs were made to illustrate the research topics and hotpots. We included 14,141 CoV-related publications for the bibliometric analysis and 16 (12 articles) CoV-related bibliometric analyses for the systematic review. Both the systematic review and bibliometric analysis showed (1) the number of publications showed two steep upward trajectories in 2003–2004 and in 2012–2014; (2) the research hotpots mainly focused on the mechanism, pathology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of the coronavirus in MERS-CoV and SARS-Cov; (3) the USA, and China; the University of Hong Kong; and Yuen KY, came from the University of Hong Kong contributed most; (4) the Journal of Virology had the largest number of CoV related studies. More studies should focus on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the future.

scholarly journals Hyperaccumulators for Potentially Toxic Elements: A Scientometric Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Dongming Zhang ◽  
Miles Dyck ◽  
Lana Filipović ◽  
Vilim Filipović ◽  
Jialong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University

Phytoremediation is an effective and low-cost method for the remediation of soil contaminated by potentially toxic elements (metals and metalloids) with hyperaccumulating plants. This study analyzed hyperaccumulator publications using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (1992-2020). We explored the research status on this topic by creating a series of scientific maps using VOSviewer, HistCite Pro, and CiteSpace. The results showed that the total number of publications in this field shows an upward trend. Dr. Xiaoe Yang is the most productive researcher on hyperaccumulators and has the broadest international collaboration network. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Zhejiang University (China), and the University of Florida (USA) are the top three most productive institutions in the field. China, the USA, and India are the top three most productive countries. The most widely used journals were the International Journal of Phytoremediation, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, and Chemosphere. Co-occurrence and citation analysis were used to identify the most influential publications in this field. In addition, possible knowledge gaps and perspectives for future studies are also presented.

MUTUAL PATENTING TRENDS IN TELECOMMUNICATION FIELD ON THE EXAMPLE OF LEADING WORLD PATENT OFFICES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. ВЛАДИМИРОВ ◽  
В.А. БАШКИРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Internal Markets ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Patent Statistics ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Technical Solutions

Приводятся результаты патентного исследования в области инновационных технологий на основе общей патентной статистики в мире и в России. Прослеживается устойчивый рост количества патентных заявок, подаваемых как резидентами, так и нерезидентами, в ведущих странах-лидерах. Представлена стратегия правовой охраны инновационных технических решений в целях обеспечения их продвижения на внешние и внутренние рынки. Анализируется динамика взаимного проникновения интеллектуальной собственности со стороны США, стран Европы и КНР; акцент сделан на долю патентных заявок в области техники электросвязи. В основу патентной статистики положена Международная патентная классификация. Сделан вывод о дисбалансе во взаимном патентовании между китайскими субъектами патентования и патентными ведомствами Европы и США. Констатируется падение как общего количества патентных заявок в Российской Федерации, так и количества заявок, поданных нерезидентами. The article provides the results of patent research in the field of innovative technologies based on worldwide and Russian patent statistics. There is a steady increase in the number of patent applications filed both by residents and non-residents in lead countries. The strategy of legal protection for innovative technical solutions is outlined in order to ensure promotion on external and internal markets. The dynamics of mutual intellectual property infiltration between the USA, Europe, and China is analyzed. The authors focused on the share of patent applications in the field of telecommunications technology. The patent statistics is based on the International Patent Classification. The article concludes that there is an imbalance in mutual patenting between Chinese patent subjects and Patent Offices of Europe and the USA. A drop is noted both in the total number of patent applications in the Russian Federation and in the number of applications submitted by non-residents.

scholarly journals Science Inside Law: The Making of a New Patent Class in the International Patent Classification

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Yoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
The Novel ◽  
International Patent Classification ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
Patentable Invention ◽  
Legal Understanding

ArgumentRecent studies of patents have argued that the very materiality and techniques of legal media, such as the written patent document, are vital for the legal construction of a patentable invention. Developing the centrality placed on patent documents further, it becomes important to understand how these documents are ordered and mobilized. Patent classification answers the necessity of making the virtual nature of textual claims practicable by linking written inscription to bureaucracy. Here, the epistemological organization of documents overlaps with the grid of patent administration. How are scientific inventions represented in such a process? If we examine the process of creating a new patent category within the International Patent Classification (IPC), it becomes clear that disagreements about the substance of the novel inventive subject matter have been resolved by computer simulations of patent documents in draft classifications. The practical needs of patent examiners were the most important concerns in the making of a new category. Such a lack of epistemological mediation between the scientific and legal identities of an invention depicts a legal understanding that science is already inside patent law. From an internal legal perspective, the self-referential introduction of the new patent category may make practical sense; however it becomes problematic from a technological and scientific standpoint as the remit of the patent classification also affects other social contexts and practices.

scholarly journals Patentes de medicamentos e a indústria farmacêutica nacional: estudo dos depósitos feitos no Brasil

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Collazo Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Research Development ◽  
International Patent Classification ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
The Law

The law of Generics allowed the growth of national industries, But investment in Research, Development and Innovation (P, D & I) remained practically null. Based on this scenario of fragility of the Brazilian industry, a research in database of patent documents, using as methodology, a search strategy, according to the International Patent Classification (IPC) was done. This survey, based on the analysis of the patent documents obtained, allowed us to reach the objective of the study, which is to introduce the situation of the national pharmaceutical industries in relation to investment in innovation. The results indicate the lack of investments in innovation in Brazil, allowing the conclusion that the country is totally dependent on the imports of medicines. This fact positions the multinational industries in a situation of superiority, facilitating the practice of abusive prices, since these take advantage of the patent protection.

scholarly journals IPC Prediction of Patent Documents Using Neural Network with Attention for Hierarchical Structure

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Hoshino ◽  
Yoshimasa Utsumi ◽  
Yoshiro Matsuda ◽  
Yoshitoshi Tanaka ◽  
Kazuhide Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
International Patent ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Patent Examiner ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
Selection For

Abstract International patent classifications (IPCs) are assigned to patent documents; however, since the procedure for assigning classifications is manually done by the patent examiner, it takes a lot of time and effort to select some IPCs from about 70,000 IPCs. Hence, some research has been conducted on patent classification with machine learning. However, patent documents are very voluminous, and learning with all the claims (the part describing the content of the patent) as input would run out of the necessary memory. Therefore, most of the existing methods learn by excluding some information, such as using only the first claim as input. In this study, we propose a model that considers the contents of all claims by extracting important information for input. We also propose a new decoder that considers the hierarchical structure of the IPC. Finally, we evaluate the model using an evaluation index that assumes the actual use of IPC selection for patent documents.

Evolution of World and Brazilian Markets for Enzymes Produced by Solid-state Fermentation: A Patent Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Heb C.S.R. Rodrigues ◽  
Andrea L. Carvalho ◽  
Carolina O. Souza ◽  
Marcelo A. Umsza-Guez
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Patent Classification ◽  
Classification Code ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
International Patent ◽  
The World ◽  
Pacific Asia ◽  
Patent Documents

Background: The use of enzymes in various industrial processes has become increasingly frequent. When added to productive processes, it can accelerate reactions and generate a number of new products. The solid state fermentation (SSF), among other applications, has been employed also to obtain enzymes. Objective: The purpose of this prospection was to map registered patent documents about enzymes production by this type of fermentation in the world, identify the most obtained enzymes with patent documents and compilate information about the world and Brazilian enzyme markets. Methods: The experimental design was carried out by the keyword-driven scope through the advanced search in the Espacenet database European Patent Office (EPO). The keywords selected were solid-state fermentation and the International Patent Classification code, C12N9 (enzymes; proenzymes), for prospecting of interest. Results: In 2012, there was the higher number of registered patents (12). China holds 84% of deposited patents. Among the types of depositors, 54% of the selected patent documents were deposited by universities and institutes, and 44% by companies. 76.5% of the evaluated patents used fungi as enzyme producer. Analyzing the enzymes obtained in the registered patents, it is verified that the majority belongs to the group of carbohydrases with 43%, followed by proteases (25%), which are also the two classes of enzymes most commercialized in the market. Conclusion: China holds the majority of the registered patents but North America gets the largest global enzyme market revenue followed by Europe and Pacific Asia. Carbohydrases were the most commercialized enzymes and with the highest number of patents registered. Among the carbohydrases, cellulases, xylanases and amylases are the most frequent in patent registration while being fungi produced.

scholarly journals A bibliometric review of oncolytic virus research as a novel approach for cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad ◽  
Tehjeeb Noor ◽  
Ziaul Haque Munim ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani ◽  
Amir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Molecular Therapy ◽  
Research Translation ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University

Abstract Background In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have drawn attention as a novel therapy to various types of cancers, both in clinical and preclinical cancer studies all around the world. Consequently, researchers have been actively working on enhancing cancer therapy since the early twentieth century. This study presents a systematic review of the literature on OVs, discusses underlying research clusters and, presents future directions of OVs research. Methods A total of 1626 published articles related to OVs as cancer therapy were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database published between January 2000 and March 2020. Various aspects of OVs research, including the countries/territories, institutions, journals, authors, citations, research areas, and content analysis to find trending and emerging topics, were analysed using the bibliometrix package in the R-software. Results In terms of the number of publications, the USA based researchers were the most productive (n = 611) followed by Chinese (n = 197), and Canadian (n = 153) researchers. The Molecular Therapy journal ranked first both in terms of the number of publications (n = 133) and local citations (n = 1384). The most prominent institution was Mayo Clinic from the USA (n = 117) followed by the University of Ottawa from Canada (n = 72), and the University of Helsinki from Finland (n = 63). The most impactful author was Bell J.C with the highest number of articles (n = 67) and total local citations (n = 885). The most impactful article was published in the Cell journal. In addition, the latest OVs research mainly builds on four research clusters. Conclusion The domain of OVs research has increased at a rapid rate from 2000 to 2020. Based on the synthesis of reviewed studies, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, reovirus, and Newcastle disease virus have shown potent anti-cancer activity. Developed countries such as the USA, Canada, the UK, and Finland were the most productive, hence, contributed most to this field. Further collaboration will help improve the clinical research translation of this therapy and bring benefits to cancer patients worldwide.

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