Gut Microbiota Reveals the Environmental Adaption in Gastro-intestinal Tract of Wild Boar in Karst Region of Southwest China

Abstract BackgroundGut microbes, has become one of the research hotspots in animal ecology, playing an important role in monitoring dietary adaptation and health status of host. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota in the stomach, small intestine (ileum) and large intestine (cecum, colon and rectum) of wild boar. ResultsAlpha diversity and Beta diversity showed there were significant differences in the abundance and distribution of microbes in gastrointestinal tract of wild boar. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla in stomach, cecum, colon and rectum of wild boar, while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant in ileum. At genus level, there were different leading genera in stomach (Prevotella and Lactobacillus), small intestine (Escherichia-Shigella and Lactobacillus) and large intestine (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Escherichia-Shigella). PICRUSt function predictive analysis suggested that there were significant differences in microbial metabolic pathways among five locations of wild boar. ConclusionsThis study comprehensively revealed the differences in composition of microbial community in gastrointestinal trac of wild boar. Future work links microbes with the metabolites to accurately reveal the health of wild boar.

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Pyrosequencing-based analysis of the complex microbiota located in the gastrointestinal tracts of growing-finishing pigs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Wang ◽

Y. Han ◽

J. Z. Zhao ◽

Z. J. Zhou ◽

H. Fan

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Colon And Rectum

The commensal gut microbial communities play an important role in the health and production efficiency of growing-finishing pigs. This study aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract sections (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum) of growing-finishing pigs. This analysis was assessed using 454 pyrosequencing targeting the V3–V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were collected from 20, healthy pigs aged 24 weeks and weighing 115.9 ± 5.4 kg. The dominant bacterial phyla in the various gastrointestinal tract sections were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Prevotella, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira were more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. Unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae and Corynebacterium were more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Shuttleworthia, unclassified Veillonellaceae and Mitsuokella were more abundant in the stomach than in the small and large intestines. At the species level, M. el.s.d.enii and M. multacida were predominant in the stomach. In addition, P. stercorea, P. copri, C. butyricum, R. flavefaciens and R. bromii were significantly more abundant in the large intestine than in the stomach and the small intestine. B. pseudolongum and B. thermacidophilum were significantly more abundant in the small intestine than in the stomach and the large intestine. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the overall composition of the pig gastrointestinal microbiota could be clustered into three groups: stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (caecum, colon and rectum). Venn diagrams illustrated the distribution of shared and specific operational taxonomic units among the various gastrointestinal tract sections.

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Intestinal epithelial regeneration: active versus reserve stem cells and plasticity mechanisms

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (4) ◽

pp. G796-G802 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Soham Karmakar ◽

Lu Deng ◽

Xi C. He ◽

Linheng Li

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Definitive Endoderm ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Developmental Systems ◽

Epithelial Regeneration ◽

Colon And Rectum ◽

Food Absorption ◽

Further Development

The gastrointestinal system is arguably one of the most complicated developmental systems in a multicellular organism, as it carries out at least four major functions: digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, excretion of hormones, and defense against pathogens. Anatomically, the fetal gut has a tubular structure with an outer layer of smooth muscle derived from lateral splanchnic mesoderm and an inner lining of epithelium derived from the definitive endoderm. During morphogenesis of the gut tube, the definitive endoderm transforms into a primitive gut tube with a foregut, midgut, and hindgut. During the course of further development, the midgut gives rise to the small and proximal large intestine and the hindgut gives rise to the distal large intestine and rectum. The small intestine is subdivided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, whereas the large intestine is subdivided into the cecum, colon, and rectum.

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Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Small and Large Intestine of Bali Cattle

Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences ◽

10.24843/jvas.2020.v03.i02.p04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Luh Gde Surya Heryani ◽

Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari ◽

Luh Putu Syamadina Pramesya Nareswari

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Digestive System ◽

Average Length ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Preclinical Research ◽

Colon And Rectum ◽

Bali Cattle ◽

The Right

Information on the anatomical and morphometric structure of the digestive system of Bali cattle will provide a clear and precise picture if abnormalities occur in the organs in the digestive system. This study aims to determine the anatomical and morphometric structures of the small intestine and large intestine of Bali cattle. Samples were taken from 14 Bali cattle and based on gross pathology examination declared healthy. The results showed that the average length of the small intestine including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum are 473.07 cm, 529.64 cm, and 363.64 cm; and successive widths are 5.50 cm, 6.00 cm, and 6.11 cm. While the average length of the large intestine which includes the cecum, colon and rectum are 36.78 cm, 371.21, 50.00 cm; while the width are 9.65 cm, 11.47 cm, and 8.85 cm. Jejunum has the longest size in the small intestine, while in the large intestine the longest size is the colon. The right information and data about the digestive system are very important and useful to support further clinical and preclinical research, and the results of this study can be used as a reference in determining the characterization of Bali cattle.

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INTRAVENOUS SOMATOSTATIN INFUSION AFFECTS GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION IN SHEEP

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas84-172 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 93-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. J. FAICHNEY ◽

T. N. BARRY

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Key Words ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Retention Time ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Mean Retention Time ◽

Gut Function ◽

Tract Function ◽

Gastro Intestinal Tract

Intravenous somatostatin infusion to anestrous ewes decreased the weight of all postomasal gut tissues, produced small increases in total 51Cr-EDTA and, 103Ru-phen mean retention times, increased the proportion of the total mean retention time spent in the abomasum + small intestine + cecum/proximal colon and decreased the proportion spent in the distal large intestine. Key words: Somatostatin, gut function, marker retention times

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Congenital Intestinal Aganglionosis in White Foals

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588302000107 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S.L. Vonderfecht ◽

A. Trommershausen Bowling ◽

M. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

White Hair ◽

Significant Finding ◽

Entire Colon ◽

Colon And Rectum ◽

Neurological Defect ◽

Congenital Intestinal Aganglionosis ◽

Intestinal Aganglionosis

A congenital and probably hereditary neurological defect has been identified in the intestinal tract of six foals produced from the breeding of overo (a type of spotting pattern) horses. The foals had white hair and pink skin with the exception of occasional pigmented foci about the muzzle, ventral abdomen, and hindquarters. The foals appeared normal at birth, but within a few hours developed symptoms of colic. At necropsy, the only significant finding was a narrow, pale segment of large intestine. This abnormality either was confined to the small colon and rectum or involved the entire colon and rectum. Microscopically, myenteric and submucosal neuronal plexuses were absent throughout the large intestine and extensive portions of the small intestine. The only other significant finding was the lack of melanin in the skin.

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Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

10.31227/osf.io/qugw6 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mahfud Mahfud ◽

Ihwan

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Tissue Perfusion ◽

Animal Population ◽

Varanus Salvator ◽

Commercial Purpose ◽

Left And Right ◽

Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

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DSP Toxin Distribution across Organs in Mice after Acute Oral Administration

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

M. Carmen Louzao ◽

Paula Abal ◽

Celia Costas ◽

Toshiyuki Suzuki ◽

Ryuichi Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Safety Assessment ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dose Dependency ◽

Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Different Doses ◽

Lipophilic Phycotoxins

Okadaic acid (OA) and its main structural analogs dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) and dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2) are marine lipophilic phycotoxins distributed worldwide that can be accumulated by edible shellfish and can cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In order to study their toxicokinetics, mice were treated with different doses of OA, DTX1, or DTX2 and signs of toxicity were recorded up to 24 h. Toxin distribution in the main organs from the gastrointestinal tract was assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Our results indicate a dose-dependency in gastrointestinal absorption of these toxins. Twenty-four hours post-administration, the highest concentration of toxin was detected in the stomach and, in descending order, in the large intestine, small intestine, and liver. There was also a different toxicokinetic pathway between OA, DTX1, and DTX2. When the same toxin doses are compared, more OA than DTX1 is detected in the small intestine. OA and DTX1 showed similar concentrations in the stomach, liver, and large intestine tissues, but the amount of DTX2 is much lower in all these organs, providing information on DSP toxicokinetics for human safety assessment.

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Endoscopic Removal of a Press-Through Pack from the Anal Canal

Case Reports in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1159/000511751 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 137-141

Author(s):

Ayaka Takasu ◽

Takashi Ikeya ◽

Katsuyuki Fukuda

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Anal Canal ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Anal Pain ◽

Endoscopic Removal ◽

Mild Dementia ◽

Anal Fissures ◽

History Of ◽

Pass Through

The incidence of press-through pack (PTP) ingestion has been increasing. In many cases, the ingested PTP is lodged in the esophagus. Here, we report a case of endoscopic removal of a PTP from the anal canal. An 89-year-old man with mild dementia presented with a 3-day history of anal pain. On digital rectal examination, we felt a hard and sharp object, which could not be manually removed due to its shape. Therefore, it was removed endoscopically. We inserted an endoscope with a large-caliber soft oblique cap and observed the PTP in the anal canal. It was successfully removed using grasping forceps. The patient was stable, with only mild anal fissures, and no serious complications such as perforation and bleeding were observed. It is generally recognized that a PTP that reaches the large intestine is naturally expelled. Even if a PTP could pass through the pylorus or the small intestine, it could still be difficult to discharge naturally from the anus without discomfort or pain, as in this case.

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Biotin studies in pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19890077 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 767-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. S. Kopinski ◽

Jane Leibholz ◽

W. L. Bryden

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Maize Flour ◽

Hind Gut

Eight pigs were given a semi-purified diet based on maize flour and casein containing 10 μg biotin/kg. The diet was given ad lib. with or without a supplement of 70 μg biotin/kg diet from 5 to 94 d of age. The flow of biotin in the stomach was similar to the biotin intake (13.5 and 112 μg/d) for the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs respectively. The flow of biotin through the small intestine decreased for the biotin-supplemented pigs from 39 μg/d in the first quarter of the small intestine to 7.9 μg/d in the last quarter. The flows of biotin in the caecum, large intestine and colon were similar for both the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs, with values of 17–54 μg/d, indicating the synthesis of biotin in the hind-gut.

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