The Effect of Baby Massage on Improvement Baby Weight

The problem experienced by toddlers is that growth disorders in Indonesia have started to emerge from children aged 1-6 months, so that efforts are needed to reduce the rate of growth disorders or to or to increase weight presentation. Increasing body weight is an indicator of infant health that can be used as a benchmark for infant growth. Body weight is the most important anthropometric measure and is most often used in newborns (neonates). One of the treatments that can be done to increase body weight is by giving massage to babies. Baby massage can stimulate the penvernaan hormones insulin and gaselin, so that food absorption becomes better. This causes babies to feel hungry quickly so they eat more often and gain weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. The method in this study is a literature review, which tries to explore how the effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. The results in this study indicate that the results of 6 previous studies indicate that there is a significant effect of infant massage on the increase in infant body weight. The conclusion in this study is that massage in infants can increase the baby's weight. This is because the massage that is carried out regularly on babies is used to massage the legs, stomach, chest, hands, back, and stretching movements can increase the baby's weight. The massage will cause nerve action potential that stimulates the vagus nerve.

The anti-obesity and health-promoting effects of tea and coffee

This paper reviews provenance, chemical composition and properties of tea (Camelia sinensis L.) and coffee (Coffee arabica, L. and Coffea caniphora, L.), their general health effects, as well as the currently available knowledge concerning their action on fat storage, physiological mechanisms of their effects, as well as their safety and recommended dosage for treatment of obesity. Both tea and coffee possess the ability to promote health and to prevent, to mitigate and to treat numerous disorders. This ability can be partially due to presence of caffeine in both plants. Further physiological and medicinal effects could be explained by other molecules (theaflavins, catechins, their metabolites and polyphenols in tea and polyphenol chlorogenic acid in coffee). These plants and plant molecules can be efficient for prevention and treatment of numerous metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Both plants and their constituents can reduce fat storage through suppression of adipocyte functions, and support of gut microbiota. In addition, tea can prevent obesity via reduction of appetite, food consumption and food absorption in gastrointestinal system and through the changes in fat metabolism.

The Conceptual study of Grahani Dosha with special reference to Bruhatrayee

All the living things in an ecosystem continued survival for food and other needs. For the protection of health and production of ailments Hita and Ahita anna is responsible respectively. Agni, which determines the quantity and quality of food to be consumed, is responsible for strength, fitness, longevity and essential breathing. Agni converts food in the form of biological energy, which is responsible for all the vital functions of our body. Grahani is the disease of Annavaha Srotas, as well directly related to status of Agni and diet habits. Passage of stools alternating with constipation or diarrhea (muhur baddham muhur dravam) is the fundamental symptom of Grahani Roga. Ayurveda regards Grahani as a Tridoshatmaka, which is the disorder of digestive system caused by reason of vitiation of Jatharagni, Saman Vayu, Pachakagni, Kledaka Kapha. The failure in digestion of ingested food (production of Pakwapakwam), malabsorption of the food absorption, excessive motility of gut resulting in recurrent emigration of the bowel. All the unpredictable variations of Agni i.e., Mandagni, Tiksnagni and Vishamagni are treated as Grahani Roga. So it should be primarily treated for Agnivardhana Chikitsa with the help of drugs which is Deepana (which boosts digestive power) and Pachana (digestive) qualities.

Probiotic Efficacy of Microencapsulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Gastrointestinal Tract Integrity in Rats

Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic has been prescribed for prophylaxis and treatment of gut infected diseases. This study was designed to assess the effects of encapsulated S. cerevisiae on gastrointestinal tract properties in the animal model. In rats, after 8-week feeding by encapsulated and unencapsulated S. cerevisiae, the mount of the IgA protein was determined by ELISA. Rats were euthanized, and the liver, kidney, and intestinal tract were collected for histological analysis. The consumption of S. cerevisiae could increase IgA levels in comparison with the control group. This increase was significant in the lower parts of the small intestine (p<0.05). In histopathological evaluations; Liver microscopic examination showed fatty change and margination of Kupffer cells as well as their hyperplasia and hypertrophy, which is a mark for liver regeneration in both groups that received microencapsulated and free probiotic. In spleen structure, in both groups, mild inflammation of the spleen tissue in the form of accumulation of red pulp of erythrocytes, hypercellular of this tissue was observed due to hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles and hyperplasia and hepaticophyta of retinal cells and macrophages. The lymphatic structure of the spleen showed relatively intense hyperplasia. In the colon structure, in both groups, hyperplasia of goblet calls along with slight infiltration of inflammatory cells was noted. Calcium alginate encapsulation considerably improves the yeast viability in simulated gastric juice and simulated intestine juice situations. Also, S. cerevisiae has positive profits in suitable food absorption and then decreasing diarrhea and other similar gastrointestinal disorders.

Impact of Protoporphyrin Lysine Derivatives on the Ability of Nosema ceranae Spores to Infect Honeybees

The effect of two protoporphyrin IX derivatives conjugated with single (PP[Lys(TFA)-OH)]2) or double (PP[Lys(TFA)-Lys(TFA)-OH]2) lysine moieties on the infectious capacity of Nosema ceranae spores was examined, and their efficacies were compared with those of a cationic porphyrin (H2TTMePP). Honeybees were inoculated with spores preincubated with porphyrins or with untreated spores (control). A significantly lower level of infection was observed in the bees infected with the porphyrin-treated spores than in the infected control. Porphyrins 1 and 2 reduced the infectious capability of microsporidia more efficiently than porphyrin 3, with bee mortality declining to almost 50%. Confocal analysis of the midguts of infected bees revealed distinct differences in the number of spores between the control group and the group infected with PP[Lys(TFA)-Lys(TFA)-OH]2-treated spores. Notably, bees with a reduced level of infection consumed less sucrose syrup than the control bees, indicating a reduction in digestive disorders and an improvement in food absorption.

The Incidence of Helminthiasis in Cattle in The Work Area of UPT. Laboratorium Kesehatan Hewan in East Java Province in 2017-2018

Background: The needs of Indonesian people for animal protein from meat are still quite high, but the fulfillment of meat demand has not been sufficient. Many obstacles faced by farmers in developing their livestock business, one of which is helminthiasis. Helminth infections can occur due to feed problems or poor maintenance management. Helminth infestation in the digestive tract can cause intestinal mucosal damage, which can reduce the efficiency of food absorption, causing livestock productivity losses in body weight, milk production, quality of meat, skin, and innards. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis and the type of helminths that infected cattle in UPT. Laboratorium Kesehatan Hewan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Method: This study used sedimentation and Whitlock floating method. Result: The highest prevalence in 2017 occurred in Tuban City, which was 6,69%, while the lowest was in Gresik Regency, which was 0%. Whereas in 2018, the highest prevalence occurred in Lamongan City, which was 9,42% and the lowest prevalence in Ngawi Regency, which was 0,22%. The type of helminth that infects the cattle the most in 2017 is Fasciola sp. as many as 114 cases, with the highest number occurring in Magetan Regency, which was 44 cases. In 2018, Fasciola sp. also the most common type of helminth found to infect cattle in 202 cases, with the highest number occurring in Magetan and Pacitan Regency, which was 34 cases.

Intestinal epithelial regeneration: active versus reserve stem cells and plasticity mechanisms

The gastrointestinal system is arguably one of the most complicated developmental systems in a multicellular organism, as it carries out at least four major functions: digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, excretion of hormones, and defense against pathogens. Anatomically, the fetal gut has a tubular structure with an outer layer of smooth muscle derived from lateral splanchnic mesoderm and an inner lining of epithelium derived from the definitive endoderm. During morphogenesis of the gut tube, the definitive endoderm transforms into a primitive gut tube with a foregut, midgut, and hindgut. During the course of further development, the midgut gives rise to the small and proximal large intestine and the hindgut gives rise to the distal large intestine and rectum. The small intestine is subdivided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, whereas the large intestine is subdivided into the cecum, colon, and rectum.

Persea Americana Seeds Cause Ileal Smooth Muscle Relaxation Via Stimulation of α-1 Adrenoceptors

The effect of methanol extract of P. americana seeds on isolated ileal smooth muscle was studied for isometric response using 10 adult rabbits of both sexes. Reactivity and agonist-antagonist responses of rabbit ileum to the extract were determined in this study. The affinity, effective concentration to give 50% response (EC50) and maximum response were calculated from the concentration response curves (CRC) obtained. The result for the reactivity study showed the seed extract of P. americana caused concentration dependent relaxation of isolated rabbit ileum with threshold responses at concentration of 1×10−9 mg/ml and 120 mg/ml respectively. The extract-antagonist study showed an upward and right shift in CRC in the presence of phenoxybenzamine, a non-selective adrenergic antagonist, with the EC50 increased from 5.01 mg/ml to 12.59 mg/ml and affinity decreased from 0.20 to 0.08. Extract-antagonist study also showed a right and upward shift in the CRC with a greater magnitude in the presence of prazosin, an α1-adrenergic antagonist, with EC50 increased from 0.32 mg/ml to 25.12 mg/ml and a consequential decrease in the affinity from 3.13 to 0.04. In the presence of propranolol, a β-adrenergic antagonist, a downward and left shift in the CRC was observed with the EC50 and PA2 remaining constant at 0.1 mg/ml and 10 respectively. P. americana concentration-dependently reduced or inhibited gastric motility, increasing transit time which is important for food absorption, thus a pro-nutritive and antispasmodic effect. The interaction with α1-adrenoceptors is beneficially in heart failure management. The plant can be developed as a drug candidate for management of hypertension.

The correlation of intake phytate and tannin on serum transferrin receptor and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents

Stunted overweight teenagers are at risk of having iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is caused by various factors including the high food absorption inhibitors of iron such as phytate and tannins. Phytate and tannin contain polyphenol compounds which have a strong ability to bind iron so that it inhibits iron absorption in the intestine. This study aims to analyze the correlation between phytate, tannin intake and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents. The research method was a cross-sectional study of 64 stunted overweight adolescents selected by consecutive sampling in four high schools/vocational high schools in Banyumanik District, Semarang City. Phytate and tannin intake data using SQ-FFQ method. The serum transferrin receptor examination uses the ELISA method and the hemoglobin level uses the Cyanomethemoglobin method. The results of the study, most of the respondents had high phytate and tannin intake of 96.9% and 89.1%. Respondents with low serum transferrin receptor were 7.8% and low hemoglobin levels were 7.8%. There was no correlation between phytate intake with serum transferrin receptor or hemoglobin (p1 = 0.937 r1 = -0.010, p2 = 0.192 r2 = 0.165). Tannins were significantly correlated with serum transferrin receptor and hemoglobin (p1 = 0.005 r1 = 0.344, p2 = 0.002 r2 = -0.374). Based on multivariate analysis, tannin is a determinant of hemoglobin (R2 = 0.257). Conclusion is that tannin is positively correlated with serum transferrin receptor and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents. Excessive tannin intake can cause deficiency in stunted overweight adolescents.

TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KELURAHAN TANI AMAN KECAMATAN LOA JANAN ILIR KOTA SAMARINDA (The Food Security Level of Paddy Farmer Household in Tani Aman Urban Village, Loa Janan Ilir Subcity, Samarinda City)

The purpose of this study was to know the food security level of paddy farmers household in Tani Aman Urban Village, Loa Janan Ilir Subdistrict. The sampling method was proportional random sampling with a total samples of 40 respondents. The food security level of paddy farmers household was known by using descriptive analysis. The results of this study show the increasing production in the medium category with total score of 204 and the average of 5.1, food reserve in medium category with total score of 257 with average of 6.42, food aid in the low category with total score of 244 with an average of 6.1.The food distribution includes economic access in the high category with a total score of 309 with an average of 7.72, physical access in the high category with total score of 476 with an average of 11.9, social access is in the moderate category score with total score of 312 with an average of 7.8. The indicator of food absorption includes food security in the high category with total score of 592 with an average of 14.8, and food diversification in the low category with total total of 183 with an average of 4.57.