scholarly journals Comparative Proteome Analysis of the Penultimate Internodes of Barley Genotypes Differing in Stem Reserve Remobilization Under Drought Stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Hajibarat ◽  
Abbas Saidi ◽  
Maryam Shahbazi ◽  
Mehrshad Zeinalabedini ◽  
Ahmad Mosuapour Gorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Seed Biomass ◽  
Save Energy

Abstract Barley yield relies more on stem reserves under stress conditions at the grain filling stage. At terminal drought stresses, the remobilization of reserved assimilates from stem to seed contributes a major role in yield. To understand the molecular mechanism of stem reserve utilization during drought stress, a comparative proteome and physiological analyses were performed on the penultimate internodes of three genotypes of barley Yousef (tolerant), Morocco (susceptible), and PBYT17 (semi-tolerant) under drought stress at 21 and 28 days after anthesis (DAA). Under water stress and well-watered conditions Yousef showed significantly higher RWC, grain yield, and stem reserve remobilization capacity than susceptible and semi-tolerant genotypes. The proteome analysis led to the identification of 1580 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), of which 759 and 821 proteins were differentially expressed at 21 and 28 DAA, respectively. Tolerant genotype in response to drought stress increased the abundance of several plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation proteins and protein kinases associated with posttranslational-associated, which might accelerate remobilization process for seed biomass formation compared to susceptible one under drought stress. However, the susceptible genotype increased the abundance of proteins involved in RNA metabolism and transcriptional changes to save energy sources for the growth and survival during drought stress. These findings suggest that barley might response to water stress by efficiently remobilize assimilates from stem to grain through specific remobilization processes.

scholarly journals Yield, transpiration efficiency, and water-use variations and their interrelationships in the sorghum reference collection

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vadez ◽  
L. Krishnamurthy ◽  
C. T. Hash ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
A. K. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Multilinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Interaction

Sorghum is well adapted to water-limited conditions, but the traits responsible for this enhanced adaptation under drought conditions remain unclear. In this study, yield, transpiration efficiency (TE) and water extraction were assessed in 149 germplasm entries from the sorghum reference set (plus three control cultivars) using a lysimetric system under terminal water stress and fully irrigated conditions outdoors. A 10-fold range for grain yield and harvest index (HI), 2-fold range for TE and a 1.25-fold variation for water extraction were observed under terminal water stress conditions. Transpiration efficiency and water extraction under water stress related poorly to that under fully irrigated conditions, reflecting a large genotype-by-water treatment interaction. Under drought stress, total water extraction varied by ~3 L plant–1 among germplasm. Entries from the Durra race had highest water extraction capacity, whereas Caudatum-Bicolor and Caudatum-Durra intermediate races had poor water extraction. Durra, Caudatum and Caudatum-Guinea races had highest TE, whereas the Guinea race had the lowest. Although yield was closely related to HI, at any level of HI there were substantial yield differences that remained unexplained, and these residual yield variations were closely related to TE (R2 = 0.60). Similarly, substantial yield variations that were still not explained by HI or TE were closely related to the total water extracted under water stress (R2 = 0.35). A multilinear regression analysis confirmed these results and showed the importance of water extraction during grain filling. Therefore, next to HI, the yield differences under terminal drought in sorghum were driven by TE, and then next by water extraction. The large genetic variation for TE and water extraction offer great breeding opportunities and in particular, highlight the Durra race as a critical source of variation.

scholarly journals Importance of ABA homeostasis under terminal drought stress in regulating grain filling events

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1228-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Govind ◽  
Christiane Seiler ◽  
Ulrich Wobus ◽  
Nese Sreenivasulu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

scholarly journals Exploring genetic variation based on drought-induced phenotypic alterations during reproductive stages in Desi and Kabuli types of chickpea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Taleei ◽  
Jalal Shaabani
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ideal Genotype ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Genotypic Effects ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Background: Identification of appropriate varieties adapted to the global warming and enhanced drought changes is imperative. In this study two sets of thirty elite genotypes of Desi and Kabuli chickpea types were used to investigate the effects of water scarcity at the phenotypic level in reproductive stages and surveying different drought-induced responses for them. Results: Alterations in GY and its components, FT, PT, MT, FM, and SDM as well as number of drought tolerance indices were measured in field conditions. The estimated genotypic effects were detected significant at both limited and full irrigation conditions for GY, GN, GW, and SDM; however, these effects had smaller values for environmental effects except in GW. The SDM and GW in water-limited conditions showed significant positive relationship with those of full irrigated for both chickpea types. GMP index provided the most positive correlations with GY for both type either of two conditions. The highest direct effect on GY was represented by SDM for Kabuli at both conditions as well as Desi chickpeas in limited water condition, while GN was the most one in full-irrigated Desi chickpeas. The ideal genotypes, 25 and 321, as Kabuli and Desi chickpeas, respectively, were detected with high stable and high GY.Conclusions: Results of this study showed that tested chickpea genotypes responded differently under different water treatments, suggesting the importance of assessment of genotypes under these conditions in order to identify the best genotype make up for each particular condition. As water stress severity was applied equally, therefore it was thought to be more serious in genotypes with a greater life cycle. However, it seems that chickpea plants have been adapted to the terminal drought stress, which could be due to the same time of vegetative growth with filling pods and transfer capability of photosynthesis assimilates towards more grain yield in tolerant genotypes. It seems to change in plant phenology due to the terminal drought stress more affected GN and GW in Desi and Kabuli chickpeas, respectively. These differences could be clear points for the leadership of breeding programs towards more adaptation of both Desi and Kabuli chickpea types to terminal water stress, respectively. Moderate to a high proportion of G × E effects were observed in combined analysis for GY, GN, and SDM compared to genotypic effects, suggesting that G × E effects played a greater role than genotypic effects. The ideal genotype of Kabuli type i.e. genotype 25 had greater GY as well as SDM in water-limited condition, while genotype 321 as ideal Desi genotype showed acceptable GY and SDM, but could compensate with higher GN.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress during grain filling in near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mahalakshmi ◽  
F. R. Bidinger ◽  
D. S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe susceptibility to drought stress during flowering and grain filling of dwarf hybrids of pearl millet carrying the dwarfing gene d2 was investigated in 1987 at Patancheru, India, under field conditions during the dry season and, in the rainy season, under a rain shelter, using four pairs of near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids. Drought stress during grain filling reduced the number of grains per unit area and individual grain mass. Grain yields of the dwarf hybrids were lower than those of the corresponding tall hybrids in the unstressed control and under drought stress and were associated with a lower individual grain mass in the dwarf lines. In the dwarf hybrids, harvest index was similar to or better than that of the tall versions but a reduced biomass resulted in lower grain yields. Dwarf hybrids were not more adversely affected by water stress, however, than their tall counterparts, indicating that susceptibility to drought stress would not be likely to limit acceptance of new dwarf varieties.

Mild preflowering drought priming improves stress defences, assimilation and sink strength in rice under severe terminal drought

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Bahuguna ◽  
A. Tamilselvan ◽  
R. Muthurajan ◽  
C. A. Solis ◽  
S. V. K. Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Mild Drought

Drought stress is a prominent and persisting constraint for sustaining global rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Priming with mild drought can be effective in reducing the impact of severe terminal drought stress affecting seed set and grain filling in rice. The cultivars N22 (drought tolerant), NSIC Rc222 and IR64 (high yielding, drought sensitive) were tested for short-term mild drought priming before flowering and subsequently exposed to severe drought stress either at the highly sensitive flowering or at the early grain filling stage under greenhouse conditions. Drought stress increased oxidative damage and reduced photosynthesis and sink enzymatic activity, ultimately reducing seed set (20–46%) and grain yield (22–68%) across cultivars. However, priming with mild drought significantly reduced oxidative damage, and increased photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and enzymatic activity, contributing to improved sink strength, thereby significantly reducing seed set (7–18%) and grain yield (12–59%) losses. The higher activity of key enzymes associated with sink strength such as cell wall invertase and sucrose synthase in primed plants probably reduced drought-induced losses at the grain filling stage. The findings support mild drought priming before flowering as a promising strategy for reducing yield penalty by providing partial protection against subsequent severe terminal drought stress. However, application of mild drought priming at the field level would need further investigation.

scholarly journals Bitkilerin Kuraklığa Dayanıklılığını Artırmaya Yönelik Uygulamalar

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlkay Yavaş ◽  
Hüseyin Nail ◽  
Aydın Ünay
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Terminal drought is a major threat that adversely affects crop growth and metabolism, and limits the yield. Water stress causes many morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in plants. Plant height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass are reduced under drought stress. Besides, water stress causes the reduction of relative water content, the closure of stomata and decrease in photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbat peroxidase (ASC), glutatiton (GSH), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, the indicator of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline levels also changes in drought conditions. Nutrient uptake by plants is prevented or restricted before grain development stage during drought conditions. Therefore the application of plant nutrients followed by micronutrient remobilization within plant is great importance. Osmoprotectants (cytokinin, mannitol, abscisic acid, proline, glycine betaine, polyamine etc.) detoxify adverse effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviate drought stress. Exogenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) application encourage plant growth by colonizing the plant root and increase plants’ resistance to water stress. Besides, the farmers can use conservation tillage system in dry periods.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Csaba Mátyás ◽  
František Beran ◽  
Jaroslav Dostál ◽  
Jiří Čáp ◽  
Martin Fulín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Unique Potential

Research Highlights: Data of advanced-age provenance tests were reanalyzed applying a new approach, to directly estimate the growth of populations at their original sites under individually generated future climates. The results revealed the high resilience potential of fir species. Background and Objectives: The growth and survival of silver fir under future climatic scenarios are insufficiently investigated at the xeric limits. The selective signature of past climate determining the current and projected growth was investigated to analyze the prospects of adaptive silviculture and assisted transfer of silver fir populations, and the introduction of non-autochthonous species. Materials and Methods: Hargreaves’ climatic moisture deficit was selected to model height responses of adult populations. Climatic transfer distance was used to assess the relative drought stress of populations at the test site, relating these to the past conditions to which the populations had adapted. ClimateEU and ClimateWNA pathway RCP8.5 data served to determine individually past, current, and future moisture deficit conditions. Besides silver fir, other fir species from South Europe and the American Northwest were also tested. Results: Drought tolerance profiles explained the responses of transferred provenances and predicted their future performance and survival. Silver fir displayed significant within-species differentiation regarding drought stress response. Applying the assumed drought tolerance limit of 100 mm relative moisture deficit, most of the tested silver fir populations seem to survive their projected climate at their origin until the end of the century. Survival is likely also for transferred Balkan fir species and for grand fir populations, but not for the Mediterranean species. Conclusions: The projections are less dramatic than provided by usual inventory assessments, considering also the resilience of populations. The method fills the existing gap between experimentally determined adaptive response and the predictions needed for management decisions. It also underscores the unique potential of provenance tests.

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