scholarly journals Distribution characteristics of microplastics in the soil of mangrove restoration wetland and the effects of microplastics on soil characteristics

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
Peiyong Guo ◽  
Siyu Han ◽  
Yifan Jin ◽  
Yiting Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Mangrove Restoration ◽  
Soil Function ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Average Abundance

Abstract Microplastics that enter the soil environment are transformed by migration and can affect soil properties, which in turn have an impact on soil function and biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the distribution of soil microplastics at different planting densities and their effects on soil properties in a mangrove restoration wetland. The results showed that the average abundance of soil microplastics in the study area was 2177.5 n/500g, with the largest proportion of 0.038-0.05 mm diameter microplastics accounting for 70.9% and the rest of the diameter microplastics accounting for less than 20%, indicating that the smaller the diameter microplastics are easy to accumulate in the wetland soil. The abundance of microplastics in the restored area by planting density was ranked as 0.5×0.5m > 1.0×0.5m > 1.0×1.0m > control area. Three microplastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET, accounted for 52%), polyethylene (PE, accounted for 24%), and polypropylene (PP, accounted for 15%), were the most prevalent and dominant microplastics in the soils of the area. SEM images showed that fractures, tears, EDS spectroscopy showed that a large number of metals were detected on the surface of microplastics. PET can influence the distribution of soil particle size due to its adsorptive viscosity, which may affect soil structure. Apart from soil pH, all other physicochemical factors changed significantly in response to PET. Besides, the results of the CV analysis reflect that soils in vegetated areas are more susceptible to the effects of PET than bare ground soils resulting in greater variability in the properties.

scholarly journals Corralling, planting density, and N fertilizer rate effect on soil properties, weed diversity, and maize yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Abdul Rahman ◽  
Asamoah Larbi ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Francis Marthy Tetteh ◽  
Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Wetland Soil Properties and Resident Bacterial Communities Are Influenced by Changes in Elevation

Wetlands ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip O. Lee ◽  
Cory Shoemaker ◽  
Julie B. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Wetland Soil

Earthquake Microzoning from Soil Properties

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. W. Hodder ◽  
M. Z. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Viscous Damping ◽  
Extent Of Damage

The extent of damage caused by an earthquake in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1968 to buildings erected on a variety of regoliths and foundation materials is correlated with the thickness of the regolith, the depth to the water table and semi-quantitative parameters derived from soil profile descriptions, particularly related to soil type and soil structure. From linear regression correlations, the expected damage for a comparable earthquake elsewhere can be determined. The model was tested for soil data for the Edgecumbe area, hit by a damaging earthquake in 1987. The predictions were sufficiently in accord with observations to suggest that soil properties that reflect the geotechnical properties of the upper parts of the regolith, particularly those that measure the shear strength, shear wave velocity and viscous damping of that material, may be useful for earthquake microzoning purposes in areas where there is a considerable thickness of unconsolidated materials above bedrock.

Short term effect of some methods for improving soil structure in red-brown earth soils of the northern irrigation areas, Victoria

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Mehanni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Biological Methods

Deep ripping, deep ripping with mixing, adding gypsum or organic matter, and the use of deep rooted plants such as lucerne had some effect in improving the structure of a Lemnos loam profile with a compacted clay subsoil. Measures of plant performance and soil properties showed the effects of mechanical methods and chemical or biological methods were independent of one another. The greatest effect was from the addition of gypsum which changed the balance of the exchangeable cations and substantially increased the aggregation of the soil.

Macropore-matrix mass transfer: reactive solute transport as quantified with Fluorescence imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Haas ◽  
Ruth Ellerbrock ◽  
Horst H. Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Transport ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

<p>Preferential flow paths in soils play a major role for transport processes of heat, gas, water, and solutes and are important adsorption sites. For mass-exchange processes and water storage in soils, small-scaled soil properties, like the spatial distribution of adsorption sites and their accessibility, and the permeability are crucial. Interfaces between macropores (i.e., earthworm burrows, cracks, and root channels) and the soil matrix control the mass exchange. Water and solute transfer through the interface between bio-pores, aggregate or crack surfaces and the matrix was traced at the scale of small soil blocks (≤45 mm edge length) with Fluorescein (i.e., a reactive, fluorescent dye). The objectives were to visualize and quantify hydraulic transport, and sorption characteristics of earthworm-, root- and shrinkage-induced interfaces. Batch experiments were performed to calibrate the Na-Fluorescein tracer concentration versus fluorescence-intensity relationship and to derive parameters for two kinetic sorption models (i.e., Freundlich vs. Langmuir). Fluorescence imaging in the laboratory of small soil blocks was applied with a self-constructed spraying device, and with the help of the calibration, small-scaled dye-concentration maps were derived. Time- and interface-dependent positions of the wetting fronts in vertical direction were estimated with the help of the cumulative infiltration. Assuming equilibrated conditions between Na-Fluorescein in solution (calculated by multiplying the locale dye-concentration and the local water content) and Na-Fluorescein sorbed to soil, the total mass transfers as a function of macropore-type and spraying time were determined. The results of the mass transfer for water and reactive solutes were characteristic for the soil structure type and depending on the composition of the macropore-matrix interface. Differences were explained by alterations in soil structure and chemical composition of the coatings. Results suggest relations between mass exchange and observable soil properties. This can be helpful for improving the numerical simulation of macropore-matrix mass transfer and inverse simulations of small-scaled hydraulic, transport, and sorption characteristics of macropore walls.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Paddy-Upland Yearly Rotations on Rice (Oryza sativa) Yield, Soil Properties, and Bacteria Community Diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Xi Zheng ◽  
Dangying Wang ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Chunmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Time Dependency ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Upland Crop ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

A 10-year-long field trial (between 2001 and 2010) was conducted to investigate the effect of paddy-upland rotation on rice yield, soil properties, and bacteria community diversity. Six types of paddy-upland crop rotations were evaluated: rice-fallow (control; CK), rice-rye grass (RR), rice-potato with rice straw mulches (RP), rice-rapeseed with straw incorporated into soil at flowering (ROF), rice-rapeseed incorporated in soil after harvest (ROM), and rice-Chinese milk vetch (RC). Analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to determine microbial diversity among rotations. Rice yield increased for upland crops planted during the winter. RC had the highest average yield of 7.74 t/ha, followed by RR, RP, ROM, and ROF. Soil quality differences among rotations were found. RC and RP improved the soil mean weight diameter (MWD), which suggested that rice rotated with milk vetch and potato might improve the paddy soil structure. Improved total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM) were also found in RC and RP. The positive relationship between yield and TN/SOM might provide evidence for the effect of RC rotation on rice yield. A strong time dependency of soil bacterial community diversity was also found.

scholarly journals Stacking Agricultural Management Tactics to Promote Improvements in Soil Structure and Microbial Activities

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Lehman ◽  
Shannon L. Osborne ◽  
Kimberly McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
No Till ◽  
Management Tactics

Linking agricultural management tactics to quantifiable changes in soil health-related properties is a key objective for increasing adoption of the most favorable management practices. We used two long-term, no-till cropping studies to illustrate the variable patterns of response of soil structure indices and microbial activity to additional management tactics, including crop rotational diversity, residue management and cover cropping. We found that observable effects of management tactics on soil properties were often dependent on the current crop phase sampled, even though the treatments were well-established. In some cases, a single additional management tactic produced a response, two tactics each produced a response and sometimes there were interactions between tactics. However, importantly, we never observed a negative effect for any of the response variables when stacking soil health building practices in no-till cropping systems. The collective results from the two field studies illustrate that soil health improvements with stacking management tactics are not always simply additive and are affected by temporal relationships inherent to the treatments. We conclude that the implementation of multiple positive management tactics increases the likelihood that improvements in soil properties can be documented with one or more of the proxy measures for soil health.

Soil structural development in a rehabilitated open-cast mine site in south-east Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Haberstok ◽  
Evelin Pihlap ◽  
Franziska Bucka ◽  
Tabea Klör ◽  
Thomas Baumgartl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Open Cast Mine ◽  
Open Cast

<p>Rehabilitated soils from post mining fields are considered to have poor soil structure, low nutrient content and microbial activity. Soil development during rehabilitation is a complex biogeochemical process influenced by the inherent properties of the substrate used for the rehabilitation. Besides disturbed soil properties, in Australia soil rehabilitation success is also influenced by climatic conditions like high evaporation rate which affects rebuilding of soil system functions. There are several studies looking into the development of soil properties post rehabilitation in temperate climates, however, the intertwined development of soil structure, quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) after the rehabilitation under water stressed environment is not clear until now.</p><p>In this study, we used a space-for-time chronosequence approach in the rehabilitated open-cast mine site at Yallourn (Victoria, Australia) to elucidate the development of soil structure and soil organic matter after rehabilitation. We selected five different fields with increasing rehabilitation ages (2, 3, 10, 21 and 39 years) and two mature soils that are used as grazing land. In each field, we sampled 6 independent locations with stainless steel cylinders (100 cm<sup>3</sup>) at two depths of 0-4 cm and 10-14 cm.  All samples were analysed for bulk density, organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration. Selected samples were wet sieved into four aggregate size classes of <63 µm, 63-200 µm, 200-630 µm and >630 µm. Each aggregate size class was characterized by OC and TN concentration. The chemical composition of the SOM of selected samples was characterized using solid-state <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy.</p><p>The studied soils have a strong temporal dynamic and variability as determined for the soil properties bulk density and SOM stocks. Aggregate fractionation showed that large macroaggregates (>630 µm) were the most abundant size class fractions in each rehabilitation field, representing 95-75% of the total soil mass. SOM played an important role in the formation of large macroaggregates, where the highest contribution to total OC content was observed. It became evident that plant derived carbon had a decisive role in the structural formation, because O/N-alkyl-C and alkyl-C chemical shift regions represented the highest relative intensities throughout the chronosequence.</p>

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