scholarly journals Neutrophil Infiltration Induces Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 Post-Mortem Cases

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanyu Zhang ◽  
Huarong Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Yan ◽  
Sicong Ma ◽  
Xiaohong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Background: The pathological features of severe cardiac injury induced by COVID-19 and relevant clinical features is unknown. This post-mortem study intended to determine the pathological findings of hearts from critically ill COVID-19 cases and explore the association of pathological changes and clinical characteristics.Methods: This autopsy cohort study, including hearts from 26 deceased COVID-19 patients admitted in intensive care unit, was conducted at four sites in Wuhan, China. Pathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical staining. Cases were divided into neutrophil-infiltration group and no-neutrophil group according to histopathological identification of neutrophilic infiltrates or not. Results: Among 26 cases, four cases had active myocarditis with histopathological examination. All cases with myocarditis accompanied with extensive neutrophil infiltration, while cases without myocarditis did not. Detection rates of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in neutrophil-infiltration group were significantly higher compared to no-neutrophil group. At admission, patients with neutrophil infiltration in myocardium had significantly higher baseline values of aspartate aminotransferase, D dimer and high-sensitivity C reactive protein compared to other 22 patients (P<0.05 for all). During hospitalization, patients with neutrophil infiltration had a significantly higher maximum of creatine kinase (CK)-MB than patients without neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions: In hearts from deceased patients with severe COVID-19, active myocarditis was commonly infiltrated with neutrophils. Cases with neutrophil-infiltrated myocarditis had severe abnormal laboratory tests involving multiple organs at admission, and a high peak value of CK-MB during hospitalization. Role of neutrophil on severe heart injury and even systemic condition in COVID-19 should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1α, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat’s Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582094979
Author(s):  
Aliah R. Alshanwani ◽  
Sameerah Shaheen ◽  
Laila M. Faddah ◽  
Ahlam M. Alhusaini ◽  
Hanaa M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Hypoxia may lead to inflammatory responses by numerous signaling pathways. This investigation intended to inspect the defensive role of Quercetin (Quer) and/ or Melatonin (Mel) against reno toxicity induced by Sodium nitrite (Sod ntr). Sod ntr injection significantly decreased blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with a concurrent increase in serum tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea levels. Over protein-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock, protein-70 and mRNA of HIF-1α were also observed. Pretreatment of the Sod ntr- injected rats with the aforementioned antioxidants; either alone or together significantly improved such parameters. Histopathological examination reinforced the previous results. It was concluded that the combined administration of Quer and Mel may be useful as a potential therapy against renal injury induced by Sod ntr. HIF-1α and HSP-70 are implicated in the induction of hypoxia and its treatment.

scholarly journals Quercetin and Idebenone Ameliorate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA damage, and Apoptosis Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rat Liver

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581881218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila M. Fadda ◽  
Hanan Hagar ◽  
Azza M. Mohamed ◽  
Hanaa M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Immunoglobin G ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are extensively used in a wide range of applications; however, many reports have investigated their nanotoxicological effect at the molecular level either in vitro or in vivo systems. The defensive roles of quercetin (Qur) or idebenone (Id) against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs were evaluated in the current study. The results showed that the coadministration of Qur or Id to rats intoxicated with TiO2-NPs markedly ameliorated the elevation in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), serum alanine amino-transferase (ALT), glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobin G (IgG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to their levels in TiO2-NPs-treated rats. The aforementioned antioxidants also effectively modulated the changes in the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), hepatic DNA breakage, caspase-3, and inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450s; CYP4502E12E1) in rat livers induced by TiO2-NPs toxicity. The histopathological examination of the liver section showed that TiO2-NPs caused severe degeneration of most hepatocytes with an increase in collagen in the portal region, while treatment with the antioxidants in question improved liver architecture. These outcomes supported the use of Qur and Id as protective agents against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs and other hepatotoxic drugs.

scholarly journals Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Dean M. Allerton ◽  
Meghan A. Brown ◽  
Liam Harper ◽  
Steven Horsburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Factor Α

This study examined whether beetroot juice (BTJ) would attenuate inflammation and muscle damage following a marathon. Using a double blind, independent group design, 34 runners (each having completed ca. ∼16 previous marathons) consumed either BTJ or an isocaloric placebo (PLA) for 3 days following a marathon. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC), countermovement jumps (CMJ), muscle soreness, serum cytokines, leucocytosis, creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured pre, post, and 2 days after the marathon. CMJ and MIVC were reduced after the marathon (P < 0.05), but no group differences were observed (P > 0.05). Muscle soreness was increased in the day after the marathon (BTJ; 45 ± 48 vs. PLA; 46 ± 39 mm) and had returned to baseline by day 2, irrespective of supplementation (P = 0.694). Cytokines (interleukin-6; IL-6, interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-α) were increased immediately post-marathon but apart from IL-6 had returned to baseline values by day 1 post. No interaction effects were evident for IL-6 (P = 0.213). Leucocytes increased 1.7-fold after the race and remained elevated 2 days post, irrespective of supplement (P < 0.0001). CK peaked at 1 day post marathon (BTJ: 965 ± 967, and PLA: 1141 ± 979 IU·L−1) and like AST and hs-CRP, was still elevated 2 days after the marathon (P < 0.05); however, no group differences were present for these variables. Beetroot juice did not attenuate inflammation or reduce muscle damage following a marathon, possibly because most of these indices were not markedly different from baseline values in the days after the marathon.

Highly Sensitive and Fast Detection of C-Reactive Protein and Troponin Biomarkers Using Liquid-gated Single Silicon Nanowire Biosensors

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 835-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Kutovyi ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ihor Zadorozhnyi ◽  
Hanna Hlukhova ◽  
Nazarii Boichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Label Free ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

ABSTRACTC-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) biomolecules represent the earliest enzymes that appear in the blood when a cardiac injury occurs. Real-time and selective detection of these biomarkers is essential for the prediction and detection of cardiovascular diseases at an early stage. Here we report on the label-free specific detection of both proteins at picomolar concentrations using fabricated nanowire-based biosensors. We demonstrate a novel functionalization technique based on the attachment of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-linked troponin-specific aptamers to azide-functionalized silicon (Si) nanowire (NW) surface. Due to the fast and reliable immobilization of cTnI-specific aptamers and CRP-specific antibodies on the Si NWs, the fabricated devices can rapidly detect target biomolecules demonstrating high sensitivity. We confirm the attachment of proteins to the surface of Si NWs by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, we demonstrate that nanowire structures of different sizes enable the detection of biomarkers in a wide concentration range (from 1 pg/ml to 1 µg/ml), corresponding to CRP and cTnI elevation levels during the early stage of disease formation.

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