scholarly journals Magnitude of Surgical Site Infection and Its Associated Factors Among Patients Who Underwent a Surgical Procedure at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mequanint Bezie Walelign ◽  
Tadesse Wuletaw Demissie ◽  
Abaynew Honelign Desalegn
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Debre Tabor

Abstract Background: Surgical site infections are the commonest nosocomial infections and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality as well as increased hospitalizations and treatment cost related to surgical operations. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infections at the surgical ward of Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Method: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who underwent a surgical procedure at Debre Tabor General Hospital in 2020. The sample size was determined using the single population proportion formula. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions analysis were employed. The odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were taken to test the association between the dependent and independent variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.Result: In this study, a total of 191 patients have participated in the study yielding a response rate of 100%. The mean age of the respondents was 2.5 (SD ±0.68) years. The most age group 115(60.2%) resides at the age group greater than 40 years. More than one half(62.3) of the surgical clients were females. Most of the clients were farmers(32.5%) and unable to read and write(41.9) based on the occupation. The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was found to be 11.5% (95% CI: 7.8%, 15.9%). The factors existence of comorbidity and antibiotic prophylaxis was given were found to be significantly associated with the magnitude of surgical site infection.Conclusion: The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was high. Proper management of patients with co-morbidity especially those with diabetes mellitus, proper administration of anesthesia, and delivering intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis before surgery as ordered would significantly reduce the incidence of surgical site infection.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Surgical Site Infection and its Associated Factors among Patients who Underwent a Surgical Procedure at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mequanint Bezie Walelign ◽  
Tadesse Wuletaw Demissie ◽  
Abaynew Honelign Dessalegn
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Debre Tabor

Abstract Background: Surgical site infections are commonest nosocomial infections and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality as well as increased hospitalizations and treatment cost related to surgical operations.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infections at surgical ward of Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Method: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted on patients who underwent a surgical procedure at Debre Tabor General Hospital in 2020. The sample size was determined using single population proportion formula. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions analysis were employed. Odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were taken to test the association between the dependent and independent variables. P-value of less than 0.05 will be considered as statistically significant. Result: In this study, a total of 191 patients have participated in the study yielding a response rate of 100%. The mean age of the respondents was 2.5 (SD ±0.68) years. The most age group 115(60.2%) resides at the age group greater than 40 years. More than one half(62.3) of the surgical clients were females. Most of the clients were farmers(32.5%) and un able to read and write(41.9) based on the occupation. The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was found to be 11.5% (95% CI: 7.8%, 15.9%).The factors existance of comorbidity and antibiotic prophylaxis given were found to be significantly assoiated with magnitude of surgical site infection.Conclusion: The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was high. Proper management of patients with co-morbidity especially those with diabetes mellitus, proper administration of anesthesia and delivering intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis before surgery as ordered would significantly reduce the incidence of surgical site infection.

KNOWLEDGE ON PREVENTION OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AMONG MEDICAL STAFF IN SON TAY GENERAL HOSPITAL, 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Quynh Anh ◽  
Bui Van Tung ◽  
Nguyen Tuan Tai ◽  
Chu Van Thang ◽  
Dang Duc Hoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Objective Description

Objective: Description of knowledge on prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) among medical staff in Son Tay general hospital, 2021 and some related factors.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 151 medical staff.Results: The rate of medical staff with fully knowledge of SSI prevention is 36.42%, in which the rate of doctors is 38.3% and of nurses is 35.58%. Age group ≥30 (OR=2.82; 95%CI: 1.12 – 7.13);Department of Surgery (OR=13.61; 95%CI: 5.14 – 35.98); working year ≥10 (OR=2.54; 95%CI: 1.26 – 5.11) and number of patients cared for/day <8 (OR=3.43; 95%CI: 1.26 – 9 ,34) are factorsrelated to the knowledge of medical staff about regarding SSIs.Conclusion: The medical staff’s knowledge of surgical site infection prevention is suboptimal; relevant factors should be considered when conducting ongoing training in the prevention of surgical site infections in hospitals.

scholarly journals Role of subcutaneous suction drain in reducing surgical site infections after emergency laparotomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2717
Author(s):  
Poonam Gupta ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Suction Drain ◽  
Drain Group

Background: One of important morbidity postoperatively is surgical site infection and the important cause is collection of blood and serous fluids which can get infected and this factor is even more important in emergency laparotomies. our prospective randomised study compares the incidence of surgical site infection in post emergency abdominal surgical wounds with subcutaneous suction drains versus those in whom drain was not placed.Methods: A prospective interventional study of 100 subjects done in department of surgery at rural tertiary centre. on the basis of exclusion and inclusion criteria patient were randomly selected for cases (with post-operative suction drain) and controls. subcutaneous drain in emergency setting play significant role in reducing the incidence of surgical site infection which is significant statistically.Results: 24% of patients in drain group develop surgical site infections. 50% of patients in non-drain group develop infection. Incidence of infection in drain group was lower than the no drain group (p value 0.05) and was statistically significant.Conclusions: Subcutaneous drain in emergency laparotomy play significant role in reducing the incidence of surgical site infection

scholarly journals The incidence of postoperative infection in tertiary rural hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Meghraj Chawada ◽  
Shobha S. Nisale ◽  
Ganesh K. Kharkate ◽  
Sudhir B. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Government ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Complication Of Surgery

Background: Post-operative wound infections have been a problem since surgery was started as a treatment modality. Post-operative infections were responsible for 70-80% of deaths until Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister, in middle of 19th century, introduced methods of infection control by use of antiseptics. Objective was to study the incidence of postoperative infection in tertiary rural hospital.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Department of General Surgery, SRTR Rural Government Medical College from September 2015 to August 2016 among 1250 patients. Detailed history, complete and thorough clinical examination was carried out for each and every individual included in the present study. The patients are assessed pre operatively and post operatively.Results: It was found that the maximum cases belong to the age group of 26-35 years i.e. 28.32% followed by age group of 36-45 years (25.68%). The proportion of males was slightly more than females. The most common surgical procedure done was inguinal hernioplasty in 24.96% of cases followed by internal appendectomy in 22.24% of cases. Maximum study subjects had clean surgical procedure in 62.08% of cases. The highest incidence (19.46%) was found in the age group of above 56 years followed by age more than 56 years in 19.46% of cases. It was found that the incidence of SSI was more among females than males. It was found that the incidence of SSI was more among those with some co-morbidity than among those who doesn’t have any co-morbidity.Conclusions: Surgical infections particularly, surgical site infections, have always been a major complication of surgery and trauma. The overall prevalence of surgical site wound infection in the surgical ward was 10.4%.

scholarly journals Effect of duration of pre-operative admission on surgical site infection in major abdominal surgeries: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2306
Author(s):  
Alka Shantiprakash Gupta ◽  
Arthika Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
P Value ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Admission Time ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) are second most common cause of mortality in surgical patient, situation has been further complicated by emergence of drug resistant strains. The importance of preventing surgical site infections is well recognized since they lead to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, need for readmission, high end antibiotic treatment and re-surgery. The study was done to see if   incidence of SSI is decreased with decreased pre-operative admission time. Others factors associated with SSI were analysed including the microbiological spectrum.Methods: The study was an analytical, observational, case control study. Sixty (60) cases each of gynaecology and obstetrical post-operative patients who developed SSI within 30 days were taken as cases and who did not develop SSI were taken as controls and preoperative admission time was analysed in both cases and controls to observe if risk of surgical site infections decreases due to decreased exposure to nosocomial pathogens when the pre-operative admission time was less than 48 hours.Results: Author found that there was statistically significant difference in the time between surgery and admission in the gynaecological surgeries with p value 0.023, as compared to the obstetrics surgeries where there was no statistically significant difference. Common organism isolated was E. coli sensitive to gentamicin.Conclusions: From this study, it seems to be a good policy to evaluate the patient on OPD basis and admit them about 24 to 48 hours prior to the surgery rather them keeping them admitted for prolonged duration in wards for diagnostic evaluation. This prevents nosocomial contamination in the patient’s skin flora thereby preventing SSI. This practice not only conserves the hospital resources but also makes the patient turn over faster. Further this might in the long run reduce the antibiotic resistant hospital flora.

scholarly journals Superficial surgical site infections following stone and non-stone bile duct surgery- A comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-462
Author(s):  
Chishti Tanhar Bakth Choudhury ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
Manir Hossain Khan ◽  
AHM Towhidul Alam ◽  
Shirin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background : Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) is a vital issue after biliary surgery. Surgical site infections remain a major cause of illness in the post-operative period. Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to compare the number of wound infection and the causative organism of surgical site infection of patient of stone and non-stone bile duct surgery. Methodology : This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from May 2017 to April 2018 for a period of 12 months. Patients presented with biliary disease of stone and non-stone variety were selected as study population. Patients were divided into 2 groups designated as group A and group B. Patients with the biliary stone disease were enrolled in group A and the biliary nonstone disease patients were in the group B. Patients were followed up in the postoperative period up to 2 weeks to find out the incidence of wound infection and its risk factors, causative agents, and some other variables. Certain variables were closely monitored to find the postoperative outcome as these variables were standard parameters in assessment of the outcome of the study. Results : A total number of 50 patients were recruited for this study of which 25 patients were enrolled in group A and the 25 patients were enrolled in group B. Mean age was 42.48 ± 17.21 years in group A and 40.04 ± 21.37 years in group B. The difference was not statistically significant ( p=0.659). Males were predominant in both groups. Male female ratio was 1.77:1 and 1.08:1 in group A and group B respectively. Inflammatory evidence of gall bladder with pericholecystic collection was found in 5 (20%) and 6 (24%) patients in group A and group B. There was evidence of cholangitis in 8 (32%) and 4 (16%) patients in group A and group B respectively. Evidence of inflammation at the wound site, was found in 14 (56%) patients in group A and 7 (28%) patients in group B. There was statistically significant difference between these 2 groups in the incidence of superficial surgical site infection, ( p value is 0.045). Regarding per operative collected bile, we found E. Coli in 4 cases in group A and 3 cases in group B ( p value is 0.408). Klebsiella spp. was found in 1 patient in group A. Wound swab C/S identified E. Coli in 1 patient in group A. Staph aureus was found in 1 and 2 patients in group A and group B respectively ( p value is nonsignificant). Conclusion : In conclusion, there is a difference in the incidence of occurrence of surgical site infection and causative agents after stone and non-stone bile duct surgery. Stone disease has increased chance of wound infection than nonstone disease of bile ducts. Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 458-462

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections Following Oromaxillofacial Oncologic Surgery in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney E. Rigby ◽  
Kevin Malott ◽  
Scott J. Hetzel ◽  
Jason W. Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Oncologic Surgery

Antibiotic stewardship in veterinary medicine is essential to help prevent resistant bacterial infections. Critical evaluation into the benefits of prophylactic use of antibiotics during veterinary surgical procedures is under reported and additional investigation is warranted. The objectives of this paper were to determine the incidence of surgical site infection in dogs that underwent oromaxillofacial oncologic surgery and to identify risk factors for the development of surgical site infection. In this retrospective cohort study including 226 dogs surgically treated for oromaxillofacial tumors between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2018, the incidence of surgical site infection was determined to be 7.5%. Univariable logistical regression models were used to evaluate potential risk factors for development of surgical site infections including signalment, tumor type, antibiotic protocol, time under anesthesia, location of surgical procedure (dental suite vs. sterile operating room), specific comorbidities, and surgical margins obtained. Anesthetic events lasting greater than 6 h were significantly associated with development of infection. Signalment, comorbidities, administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications, tumor type, histological margin evaluation, surgical procedure location, and antibiotic protocols were not significant contributors to development of infection. Use of antibiotic therapy in this cohort was not protective against development of infection and may not be routinely indicated for all oromaxillofacial oncologic surgeries despite common promotion of its use and the contaminated nature of the oral cavity. Anesthetic time significantly contributed towards the development of infection and use of perioperative antibiotics for surgical procedures lasting &gt;6 h may be routinely warranted.

scholarly journals Does Skin Preparation Influence Surgical Site Infection in Laparotomy Wounds: Comparative Evaluation of Preoperative Skin Preparation With 4% Chlorhexidine With 5% Povidone Iodine in Laparotomy Wounds: A Prospective Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindran Chirukandath ◽  
Manoj P. Elangovan ◽  
Agil B. ◽  
Reshma A. Cheedhamadathil ◽  
Ayana M. Dev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Surgical site infection is a dangerous condition causing a heavy burden on the patient and social health system. Surgical site infections are among the most common hospital acquired infections comprising 14 to 16% of inpatient infections. There are various factors predisposing the infections and many of them are patient related or disease related. The use of pre-operative skin preparation by effective antiseptic plays an important role in reducing postoperative wound infections. There are several kinds of antiseptics available for preoperative skin preparation; however povidone iodine and spirit are commonly used in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: This study compared the incidence of surgical site infections within 7 days of postoperative period in laparotomy wounds prepared using 4% Chlorhexidine and those prepared with 5% Povidone iodine for pre-laparotomy skin preparation. Results: This study compared 128, 4% Chlorhexidine prepared patients and 109,  5% Povidone iodine prepared patients undergoing various elective n = 114 and emergency procedures n = 123. The overall SSI rates in 7 days in the whole group were 13.44 %. The SSI rates on the 4% Chlorhexidine group were 10.16% and 5% povidone iodine group were 17.27% and it was statically significant with a p value of p = 0.00413 showing significant reduction in the 4% Chlorhexidine group. The study also compared the SSI rates in elective and emergency procedures in both groups with significant difference in emergency procedures. More variables are also compared between the groups and results were analyzed. Conclusion: This study shows the use of Chlorhexidine 4% reduces the morbidity of one of the most common wound related complication in laparotomy patients in all categories of laparotomy wounds.

scholarly journals STUDY OF CLINICO BACTERIOLOGY OF POST OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajesh Kumar P. Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Operative Wound

Introduction: Globally, surgical site infections (SSI) are known to be most common nosocominal infections in hospitalized patients after urinary tract infection. There are many studies which showed surgical site infection rates are reported globally as it range from 2.5% to 41.9% resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Surgical infections are those which caused infection as a result of a surgical procedure or those that require surgical intervention as part of their treatment which are characterized by breaking of anatomic defense mechanisms and are associated with greater morbidity, significant mortality, and increased cost of care. Though increasing the advance technology in surgical sciences post operative wound infection remains one of the common complications which surgeons encounter. If this problem is not evaluated and treated in timely then it can have significant sequel. The cutaneous or mucosal barrier, entrance of microbes into the host tissue is the initial requirement for infection. In SSI patient stays in hospital may be double the length of time and also increase the costs of health care. The main extra cost may be related to re-operation, extra nursing care and interventions, and drug treatment costs. AIM: The main aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of SSI with reference to factors contributing to it and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in surgery wards. Material and Methods: For this study patients were included as they were admitted in the surgical wards and the surgical emergencies that underwent surgical procedure in this hospital. The surgical procedures were classified as planned (elective) surgeries, emergency surgeries and clean, clean-contaminated surgeries, contaminated and dirty patients were divided accordingly. The discharged of infected wound were collected in sterilized container or the pus swab were collected aseptically procedure and send to microbiology laboratory for further process. By consulting with microbiologist the result were recorded. Result: On the base of surgeries were done total 452 cases were preformed. Out of 452 cases there were 132 cases in emergency out of which 29 get infected and in 320 elective cases 20 got infected. The overall rate of surgical site infection (SSI) was 10.8%. The occurrence of SSI in emergency cases (22%) was found to be higher compared to elective cases (6.3%). Out of total cases send for the culture and sensitivity, organism cultured gram negative organism predominate and and commonest was Escherchia coli, followed by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus. E.coli and Klebsiella from emergency cases showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (83%) and ceftraixone (83%) and elective cases showed resistance of 70 % to ciprofloxacin and 40% to ceftriaxone. Therefore it was found that occurrence of SSI is significantly more in emergency cases. Conclusion: In this study rate of surgical site infection (SSI) was 10.8% whereas in clean 5.6%, in Clean and Contaminated 7.3% , in contaminated 21.2% and in dirty 25.9%. In gram negative bacteria E.coli were most commonly isolated bacteria followed by Pseudomonas and Klebsiella and in gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aereus were most common isolated bacteria. Therefore antibiotics sensitive to the gram negative and pram positive bacteria should be initiative for establishing improved hospital antimicrobial policy and antimicrobial prescribing guidelines. Keywords: Surgical Site Infection, Post-operative wound infections, Antimicrobial resistance

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