Hidden Populations: A Follow Up Study of Risk Behaviours in The Drug Using Populations in The Republic of Georgia
Abstract Background:Georgia has a significant risk of ongoing HIV and HCV outbreak. Within this context, harm reduction aims to reduce risk associated with drug use through community activities, such as peer recruitment and involvement. The aim of this study was to compliment earlier research, and attest to the ongoing utility of peer-driven intervention across multiple years in recruiting high-risk, vulnerable populations through peer networks. It was hypothesised that significant differences would remain between known, and previously unknown, members of the drug-using community, and that peer-driven intervention would continue to recruit individuals with high-risk, vulnerable individuals.Methods:Sampling occurred across 9 months in 11 cities in Georgia, recruiting a total of 2807 drug-using individuals. Standardised questionnaires were completed for all consenting and eligible participants, noting degree of involvement in harm reduction activities. This data underwent analysis to identify statistically significant different between those known and unknown to harm reduction activities, including in demographics, knowledge and risk behaviours. Results:Peer recruitment was able to attract a significantly different cohort compared to those already known to harm reduction services. Important differences in drug use, behaviour and risk were seen between the two groups, with the peer-recruited cohort undertaking higher-risk injecting behaviours. A mixture of risk differences was seen across different sub-groups and between the known and unknown population. Overall risk, driven by sex risk, was consistently higher in younger people (0.59 v. 0.57, p=0.00). Recent overdose was associated with higher risk in all risk categories. Peer-recruited individuals reported much lower rates of previous HIV testing (34.2% v. 99.5%, p=0.00). HIV knowledge and status were not significantly different.Conclusions:Significant differences were seen between the known and unknown drug-using populations. The recruitment strategy was successful in recruiting females and younger people. This is especially important given that this sampling followed subsequent rounds of peer-driven intervention, implying the ability of peer-recruitment to consistently reach hidden, unknown populations of the drug using community, who have different risks and behaviours. Risk differences were seen compared to previous samples, lending strength to the peer-recruitment model, but also informing how harm reduction programmes should cater services, such as education, to different cohorts.