Protective Factors Can Buffer High-Risk Youths from Drug Use

In the present research Effectiveness of "Psychosocial Strengthening Program" On Risk and Protective Factors of drug use and increasing of psychological health among high risk Adolescents has been investigated. The considering sample in the research was 30 students of first grade of Sanandaj's guidance school who has been selected by multi-stages cluster sampling method and were replaced in two groups of experiment (n=15) and control (n=15). The experiment group students attended in Psychosocial Strengthening Program training sessions but the control group students didn’t so. Two groups were compared through using Risk and Protective Factors of drug use questionnaire and psychological healthy questionnaire based on covariance analyze statistic test.The present research findings show that there is a meaning full difference between the student's attitude high risk related to drug us, social skills, self-controlling skills and psychological health before and after Psychosocial Strengthening Program training. The statistical analyzes show that Psychosocial Strengthening Program training has been effective on the positive attitude toward drug use. Low social skills and low self-controlling skills as the drug us risky factors and psychological health. Therefore it seems this program as a protective factor causes drug us decreasing and psychological health increasing among high risk Adolescents in coming years.

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Social Support, Self-Control, Religiousness and Engagement in High Risk-Behaviors among Adolescents

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0404.142 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Qutaiba Agbaria ◽

Denise Ziya Berte ◽

Fayez Azez Mahamid

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Self Control ◽

High Risk Behaviors

This research explored links between social support, self-control, religiousness and engagement in risk-behaviors among adolescents in Palestine. Results found that higher scores on social support correlated with lower scores on risk behaviors, while higher levels of self-control were correlated with lower scores on specific behaviors including drinking, smoking and drug use. Higher scores on religiousness were correlated with lower levels of drinking, drug use and premature sexual activity. While the parameters of the factors must be discovered, the implications of these findings for research are ample and include not only the mechanism of the relationships but how to enhance the protective factors in potentially disenfranchised youth in Palestine.

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Precursors to BPD in high‐risk youth: Depression, CD, and drug use

The Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update ◽

10.1002/cpu.30559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Alison Knopf

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Youth Depression ◽

High Risk Youth

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SELF-REPORTED HIGH-RISK LOCATIONS OF DRUG USE AMONG DRUG OFFENDERS

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse ◽

10.1081/ada-100103710 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 281-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Steve Sussman ◽

Susan L. Ames ◽

Clyde W. Dent ◽

Alan W. Stacy

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Drug Offenders

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Food Insecurity Partially Mediates the Association Between Drug Use and Depressive Symptoms among Men who have Sex with Men in Los Angeles, California

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002494 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

David A. Wiss ◽

Marjan Javanbakht ◽

Michael J. Li ◽

Michael Prelip ◽

Robert Bolan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

High Risk ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Drug Use ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sex With Men ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hiv Negative

Abstract Objective: To understand the relationship between drug use, food insecurity (FI), and mental health among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: Cohort study (2014-2019) with at least one follow-up. Setting: Visits at 6-month intervals included self-assessment for FI and depressive symptoms. Urine testing results confirmed drug use. Factors associated with FI were assessed using multiple logistic regression with random effects for repeated measures. General structural equation modeling tested whether FI mediates the relationship between drug use and depressive symptoms. Participants: Data were from HIV-positive and high-risk HIV negative MSM in Los Angeles, CA (n=431; 1,192 visits). Results: At baseline, FI was reported by 50.8% of participants, depressive symptoms in 36.7%, and 52.7% of urine screening tests were positive for drugs (i.e., marijuana, opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy). A positive drug test was associated with a 96% increase in the odds of being food insecure (95% CI: 1.26-3.07). Compared to those with high food security, individuals with very low food security have a nearly 7-fold increase in the odds of reporting depressive symptoms (95% CI: 3.71-11.92). Findings showed 14.9% of the association between drug use (exposure) and depressive symptoms (outcome) can be explained by FI (mediator). Conclusion: The prevalence of FI among this cohort of HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative MSM was high; the association between drug use and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by FI. Findings suggest that enhancing access to food and nutrition may improve mood in the context of drug use, especially among MSM at risk for HIV-transmission.

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What makes the psychosis ‘clinical high risk’ state risky: psychosis itself or the co-presence of a non-psychotic disorder?

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s204579602100041x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

Author(s):

Laila Hasmi ◽

Lotta-Katrin Pries ◽

Margreet ten Have ◽

Ron de Graaf ◽

Saskia van Dorsselaer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Mental Health Service Use ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Polygenic Risk Score ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Drug Use Disorders ◽

Per Se

Abstract Aims Although attenuated psychotic symptoms in the psychosis clinical high-risk state (CHR-P) almost always occur in the context of a non-psychotic disorder (NPD), NPD is considered an undesired ‘comorbidity’ epiphenomenon rather than an integral part of CHR-P itself. Prospective work, however, indicates that much more of the clinical psychosis incidence is attributable to prior mood and drug use disorders than to psychosis clinical high-risk states per se. In order to examine this conundrum, we analysed to what degree the ‘risk’ in CHR-P is indexed by co-present NPD rather than attenuated psychosis per se. Methods We examined the incidence of early psychotic experiences (PE) with and without NPD (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol/drug use disorders), in a prospective general population cohort (n = 6123 at risk of incident PE at baseline). Four interview waves were conducted between 2007 and 2018 (NEMESIS-2). The incidence of PE, alone (PE-only) or with NPD (PE + NPD) was calculated, as were differential associations with schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS-Sz), environmental, demographical, clinical and cognitive factors. Results The incidence of PE + NPD (0.37%) was lower than the incidence of PE-only (1.04%), representing around a third of the total yearly incidence of PE. Incident PE + NPD was, in comparison with PE-only, differentially characterised by poor functioning, environmental risks, PRS-Sz, positive family history, prescription of antipsychotic medication and (mental) health service use. Conclusions The risk in ‘clinical high risk’ states is mediated not by attenuated psychosis per se but specifically the combination of attenuated psychosis and NPD. CHR-P/APS research should be reconceptualised from a focus on attenuated psychotic symptoms with exclusion of non-psychotic DSM-disorders, as the ‘pure' representation of a supposedly homotypic psychosis risk state, towards a focus on poor-outcome NPDs, characterised by a degree of psychosis admixture, on the pathway to psychotic disorder outcomes.

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Validity of Drug Use Reporting in a High-Risk Community Sample: A Comparison of Cocaine and Heroin Survey Reports with Hair Tests

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009740 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 149 (10) ◽

pp. 955-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

M. Fendrich ◽

T. P. Johnson ◽

S. Sudman ◽

J. S. Wislar ◽

V. Spiehler

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Community Sample

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Prevalence of high-risk drug use and coverage of opioid substitution treatment and needle and syringe programs in Lithuania in 2015–2016: A multi-method estimation study

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ◽

10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 108229

Author(s):

Danica Thanki ◽

Viktor Mravčík ◽

Vendula Běláčková ◽

Dovilė Mačiulytė ◽

Tomáš Zábranský ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Substitution Treatment ◽

Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽

Needle And Syringe Programs ◽

Opioid Substitution

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A Vulnerability Assessment for a Future HIV Outbreak Associated With Injection Drug Use in Illinois, 2017–2018

Frontiers in Sociology ◽

10.3389/fsoc.2021.652672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Cara Jane Bergo ◽

Jennifer R. Epstein ◽

Stacey Hoferka ◽

Marynia Aniela Kolak ◽

Mai T. Pho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Injection Drug Use ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Cook County ◽

Injection Drug ◽

County Level ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Zip Code

The current opioid crisis and the increase in injection drug use (IDU) have led to outbreaks of HIV in communities across the country. These outbreaks have prompted country and statewide examination into identifying factors to determine areas at risk of a future HIV outbreak. Based on methodology used in a prior nationwide county-level analysis by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we examined Illinois at the ZIP code level (n = 1,383). Combined acute and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among persons <40 years of age was used as an outcome proxy measure for IDU. Local and statewide data sources were used to identify variables that are potentially predictive of high risk for HIV/HCV transmission that fell within three main groups: health outcomes, access/resources, and the social/economic/physical environment. A multivariable negative binomial regression was performed with population as an offset. The vulnerability score for each ZIP code was created using the final regression model that consisted of 11 factors, six risk factors, and five protective factors. ZIP codes identified with the highest vulnerability ranking (top 10%) were distributed across the state yet focused in the rural southern region. The most populous county, Cook County, had only one vulnerable ZIP code. This analysis reveals more areas vulnerable to future outbreaks compared to past national analyses and provides more precise indications of vulnerability at the ZIP code level. The ability to assess the risk at sub-county level allows local jurisdictions to more finely tune surveillance and preventive measures and target activities in these high-risk areas. The final model contained a mix of protective and risk factors revealing a heightened level of complexity underlying the relationship between characteristics that impact HCV risk. Following this analysis, Illinois prioritized recommendations to include increasing access to harm reduction services, specifically sterile syringe services, naloxone access, infectious disease screening and increased linkage to care for HCV and opioid use disorder.

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