scholarly journals Differences in Lipoprotein Profiles Between Palestinian and Israeli Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Halloun ◽  
Ahmad Ighbariya ◽  
Suhair Hanna ◽  
Ronit Sinnreich ◽  
Ram Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid Profile ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background: Palestinians exhibit a substantially greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and CVD mortality in comparison to Israelis. In view of Palestinians' increased insulin resistance, known to be associated with an adverse lipoprotein profile, we aimed at showing lipoprotein variations between Palestinian and Israelis residing in Jerusalem. Methods: The study included, 968 Palestinians and 707 Israelis, ages 25-74 years, who underwent fasting and 2h post oral challenge plasma glucose determinations. We evaluated metabolic risk by measuring sub-populations of VLDL, LDL and HDL particles, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. Results: Palestinians exhibit higher levels of very large VLDL including chylomicrons, in comparison to their Israeli counterparts, whereas levels of medium and small VLDL were similar between the two populations. Small oxidized LDL levels were higher among Palestinians while intermediate and large LDL were similar between the two groups. Levels of large HDL were higher among Israelis while levels of medium and small HDL were similar between the two populations. Small oxidized LDL levels were higher among Palestinians in comparison to Israeli participants. Levels of large HDL were higher among Israelis in comparison to Palestinians. Limiting the analysis to young participants with normal glucose tolerance, showed greater levels of large VLDL including chylomicrons, medium and small VLDL and oxidized LDL in Palestinians. Conclusions: Palestinians, including healthy young participants, exhibit an adverse pro-atherogenic lipid profile compared to Israelis. These findings may explain the increased CVD morbidity and mortality observed in Palestinians.

Effect of High ß-Glucan Barley on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 772-P
Author(s):  
MARIKO HIGA ◽  
AYANA HASHIMOTO ◽  
MOE HAYASAKA ◽  
MAI HIJIKATA ◽  
AYAMI UEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose

Liraglutide Therapy in a Prediabetic State: Rethinking the Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios S. Papaetis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Prediabetic State ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Normal Glucose

Background: Prediabetes is defined as a state of glucose metabolism between normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Continuous β-cell failure and death are the reasons for the evolution from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes and finally type 2 diabetes. Introduction: The necessity of new therapeutic approaches in order to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes is obligatory. Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has 97% homology for native GLP-1. Identification of the trophic and antiapoptotic properties of liraglutide in preclinical studies, together with evidence of sustained β-cell function longevity during its administration in type 2 diabetes individuals, indicated its earliest possible administration during this disease, or even before its development, so as to postpone or delay its onset. Methods: Pubmed and Google databases have been thoroughly searched and relevant studies were selected. Results: This paper explores the current evidence of liraglutide administration both in humans and animal models with prediabetes. Also, it investigates the safety profile of liraglutide treatment and its future role to postpone or delay the evolution of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Liralgutide remains a valuable tool in our therapeutic armamentarium for individuals who are overweight or obese and have prediabetes. Future well designed studies will give valuable information that will help clinicians to stratify individuals who will derive the most benefit from this agent, achieving targeted therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals PAR-4/Ca2+-calpain pathway activation stimulates platelet-derived microparticles in hyperglycemic type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Giannella ◽  
Giulio Ceolotto ◽  
Claudia Maria Radu ◽  
Arianna Cattelan ◽  
Elisabetta Iori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Calpain Inhibitor ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a prothrombotic state that needs to be fully clarified; microparticles (MPs) have emerged as mediators and markers of this condition. Thus, we investigate, in vivo, in T2DM either with good (HbA1c ≤ 7.0%; GGC) or poor (HbA1c > 7.0%; PGC) glycemic control, the circulating levels of MPs, and in vitro, the molecular pathways involved in the release of MPs from platelets (PMP) and tested their pro-inflammatory effects on THP-1 transformed macrophages. Methods In 59 T2DM, and 23 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), circulating levels of CD62E+, CD62P+, CD142+, CD45+ MPs were determined by flow cytometry, while plasma levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6 by ELISA. In vitro, PMP release and activation of isolated platelets from GGC and PGC were investigated, along with their effect on IL-6 secretion in THP-1 transformed macrophages. Results We found that MPs CD62P+ (PMP) and CD142+ (tissue factor-bearing MP) were significantly higher in PGC T2DM than GGC T2DM and NGT. Among MPs, PMP were also correlated with HbA1c and IL-6. In vitro, we showed that acute thrombin exposure stimulated a significantly higher PMP release in PGC T2DM than GGC T2DM through a more robust activation of PAR-4 receptor than PAR-1 receptor. Treatment with PAR-4 agonist induced an increased release of PMP in PGC with a Ca2+-calpain dependent mechanism since this effect was blunted by calpain inhibitor. Finally, the uptake of PMP derived from PAR-4 treated PGC platelets into THP-1 transformed macrophages promoted a marked increase of IL-6 release compared to PMP derived from GGC through the activation of the NF-kB pathway. Conclusions These results identify PAR-4 as a mediator of platelet activation, microparticle release, and inflammation, in poorly controlled T2DM.

Plasma Folate Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Sakuta ◽  
Suzuki ◽  
Yasuda ◽  
Ito
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Plasma Folate ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Limited data suggest that folate levels are higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We compared the fasting plasma folate, glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and supplementary vitamin use among male subjects with NGT, those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and those with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Plasma folate of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and that of patients with previously diagnosed diabetes was significantly higher than that of NGT subjects (p < 0.001). Prevalence of vitamin use was lower in newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. Self-rated vegetable intake was similar among the four groups. FPG, BMI, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure correlated with plasma folate levels independently of lifestyle factors studied. These results suggest that plasma folate levels are elevated in male diabetic patients independently of health-conscious behavior that is recommended for diabetic people.

scholarly journals Changes in Glucose Tolerance over Time in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Controlled Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3236-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Legro ◽  
Carol L. Gnatuk ◽  
Allen R. Kunselman ◽  
Andrea Dunaif
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Over Time

We performed this study to access the changes in glucose tolerance over time in a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (n = 71) and control women (n = 23) with regular menstrual cycles and baseline normal glucose tolerance. Mean follow-up was between 2 and 3 yr for both groups (PCOS 2.5 ± 1.7 yr; controls 2.9 ± 2.1 yr). Based on World Health Organization glucose tolerance categories, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of glucose intolerance at follow-up in the PCOS group. In the PCOS group, 25 (37%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and seven (10%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline, compared with 30 (45%) and 10 (15%), respectively, at follow-up. There were also no differences within groups (PCOS or control) or between groups (PCOS vs. control) in the oral glucose tolerance test-derived measure of insulin sensitivity, but in the women with PCOS who converted to either IGT or type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.0001). At the follow-up visit, the mean glycohemoglobin level was 6.1 ± 0.9% in women with PCOS vs. 5.3 ± 0.7% in the control women (P &lt; 0.001). Women with PCOS and baseline IGT had a low conversion risk of 6% to type 2 diabetes over approximately 3 yr, or 2% per year. The effect of PCOS, given normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline, is more pronounced with 16% conversion to IGT per year. Our study supports that women with PCOS (especially with NGT) should be periodically rescreened for diabetes due to worsening glucose intolerance over time, but this interval may be over several years and not annually.

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