scholarly journals A retrospective study of electroencephalogram parameters during general anaesthesia in infants and young children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengzheng Gao ◽  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxue Wang ◽  
Mengnan Yao ◽  
Lan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Spectral Edge Frequency ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Background This retrospective study describes electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters in infants and young children under general anaesthesia. The study’s primary objective was to detect determinants of patient state index (PSI) levels. Methods We analysed EEG parameters in patients aged 1–36 months who received sevoflurane or propofol as the primary anaesthetic in Beijing Children’s Hospital from September 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020. Patients were stratified into two age groups: 1–12 and 13–36 months. The relationship between EEG parameters and clinical parameters was analysed by multivariable linear regression. Results Sixty-two patients were involved in the final analysis, including 35 boys and 27 girls. Average patient age and weight were 14.5 (5.8–24.0) months and 9.9 (8.0–12) kg, respectively. Spectral edge frequency (SEF), PSI and blood pressure were lower (p < 0.001) and burst suppression rate (BSR) and heart rate higher (p < 0.001) at the age of 1–12 months under general anaesthesia. The most significant factor associated with higher levels of PSI was a higher SEF at the age of 1–36 months (1–12 months p = 0.001; 13–26 months p < 0.001); burst suppression occurrence decreased the PSI level (p = 0.031). Older age or higher blood pressure increased PSI levels in children under 1 year old (p = 0.028 and p = 0.002). Conclusions SEF was the most significant determinant associated with PSI levels in infants and young children during general anaesthesia, and burst suppression occurrence decreases the PSI level. Moreover, age and blood pressure might affect PSI levels in infants.

Vitamin Intake of 3- to 36-Month-Old German Infants and Children – Results of the DONALD-Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexy ◽  
Kersting ◽  
Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Manz ◽  
Schöch
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Infants and young children are a vulnerable group with regard to nutrition. However, there is a lack of information about the dietary composition of healthy German infants and children. Therefore, the intake of vitamins (A, C, E, B1, B2, B6, folate, niacin) was assessed in 354 healthy German infants and children aged 3 to 36 months from 3-day-weighed diet records and compared with German, European and US reference values. Intake of all B-vitamins (B1, B2, B6, folate, niacin) increased during the first 3 years of life, whereas intake of vitamin E decreased. Intake of vitamin A and C varied between age groups. The highest levels of the nutrient densities of most vitamins were found at the end of the first year of life. Depending on the reference values chosen, the vitamin supply of the study population ranged between sufficient and very good. The reported satisfactory intake of vitamins in infants and young children in this study gives rise to the question of whether the current extent of fortification of commercial infant food in Germany is necessary.

scholarly journals Home-based anthropometric, blood pressure and pulse measurements in young children by trained data collectors in the National Children’s Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Michele Zimowski ◽  
Jack Moye ◽  
Bernard Dugoni ◽  
Melissa Heim Viox ◽  
Hildie Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Usa

AbstractObjectiveThe current study assessed whether home-based data collection by trained data collectors can produce high-quality physical measurement data in young children.DesignThe study assessed the quality of intra-examiner measurements of blood pressure, pulse rate and anthropometric dimensions using intra-examiner reliability and intra-examiner technical error of measurement (TEM).SettingNon-clinical, primarily private homes of National Children’s Study participants in twenty-two study locations across the USA.SubjectsChildren in four age groups: 5–7 months (n 91), 11–16 months (n 393), 23–28 months (n 1410) and 35–40 months (n 800).ResultsAbsolute TEM ranged in value from 0·09 to 16·21, varying widely by age group and measure, as expected. Relative TEM spanned from 0·27 to 13·71 across age groups and physical measures. Reliabilities for anthropometric measurements by age group and measure ranged from 0·46 to >0·99 with most exceeding 0·90, suggesting that the large majority of anthropometric measures can be collected in a home-based setting on young children by trained data collectors. Reliabilities for blood pressure and pulse rate measurements by age group ranged from 0·21 to 0·74, implying these are less reliably measured with young children when taken in the data collection context described here.ConclusionsReliability estimates >0·95 for weight, length, height, and thigh, waist and head circumference, and >0·90 for triceps and subscapular skinfolds, indicate that these measures can be collected in the field by trained data collectors without compromising data quality. These estimates can be used for interim evaluations of data collector training and measurement protocols.

scholarly journals Context-specific complementary feeding recommendations developed using Optifood could improve the diets of breast-fed infants and young children from diverse livelihood groups in northern Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Vossenaar ◽  
Frances A Knight ◽  
Alison Tumilowicz ◽  
Christine Hotz ◽  
Peter Chege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractObjectiveTo formulate age- and context-specific complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) for infants and young children (IYC) and to compare the potential of filling population-level nutrient gaps using common sets of CFR across age groups.DesignLinear programming was used to develop CFR using locally available and acceptable foods based on livelihood- and age-group-specific dietary patterns observed through 24 h dietary recalls. Within each livelihood group, the nutrient potential of age-group-specific v. consolidated CFR across the three age groups was tested.SettingThree food-insecure counties in northern Kenya; namely, settled communities from Isiolo (n 300), pastoralist communities from Marsabit (n 283) and agro-pastoralist communities from Turkana (n 299).SubjectsBreast-fed IYC aged 6–23 months (n 882).ResultsAge-specific CFR could achieve adequacy for seven to nine of eleven modelled micronutrients, except among 12–23-month-old children in agro-pastoralist communities. Contribution of Fe, Zn and niacin remained low for most groups, and thiamin, vitamin B6 and folate for some groups. Age-group-consolidated CFR could not reach the same level of nutrient adequacy as age-specific sets among the settled and pastoralist communities.ConclusionsContext- and age-specific CFR could ensure adequate levels of more modelled nutrients among settled and pastoralist IYC than among agro-pastoralist communities where use of nutrient-dense foods was limited. Adequacy of all eleven modelled micronutrients was not achievable and additional approaches to ensure adequate diets are required. Consolidated messages should be easier to implement as part of a behaviour change strategy; however, they would likely not achieve the same improvements in population-level dietary adequacy as age-specific CFR.

scholarly journals Incidence of atrial septal defects in children attended the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia during January 2016 to December 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Hassen Musa ◽  
Mekbeb Afework ◽  
Mohammed Bedru ◽  
Shibikom Tamirat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings ◽  
Cardiac Center ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it appears that an atrial septal defect (ASD) occurs frequently in Ethiopia there are only a few published studies available so far on this matter. This study is therefore aimed to evaluate the prevalence and echocardiographic characteristics of ASDs in children (aged ≤ 15 years) attended a cardiac referral center in Ethiopia.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the sociodemographic data and the initial echocardiographic findings of the children with ASDs who were diagnosed at the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia (CCE), Addis Ababa, from January 2016 to December 2018.ResultsA total of 116 children (56.9% females and 43.1% males) with a mean age of 3.47± 3.72 years (range: 15 days to 15 years) were diagnosed with ASDs. The most prevalent age groups were infancy (50%) and early childhood (29.3%). All the studied cases were diagnosed with ostium secundum ASD while there were no cases with ostium primum, sinus venosus and coronary sinus defects. The most frequent ostium secundum ASD was large size (61.2%) and was more frequent in infants (23.3%) and young children (21.6% of all cases).ConclusionOstium secundum ASD is the most prevalent IAS defect and more common among female cases. Large size ostium secundum ASD is more frequent in the studied children and is more prevalent in infants and young children. This survey may provide data for the currently lacking statistics on ASDs at the CCE and might be helpful for the management and follow-up of children with ASDs. Scheduled follow-up and intervention studies are required to evaluate the incidence and patterns of spontaneous and surgical closure of ASD and their outcomes.

scholarly journals Age-Related Cutoffs of Plasma Aldosterone/Renin Concentration for Primary Aldosteronism Screening

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linqiang Ma ◽  
Ying Song ◽  
Mei Mei ◽  
Wenwen He ◽  
Jinbo Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Age Related

Aim. This retrospective study is aimed at investigating whether aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) cutoffs calculated by the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC)/plasma renin concentration (PRC) should be set differently in patients of different ages. Methods. 521 hypertensive patients were screened for primary aldosteronism (PA) by the PAC/PRC. 174 patients diagnosed with PA and 311 patients with essential hypertension (EH) were included in the final analysis. Subjects were subdivided into four age groups: <40, 40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 years old. Results. The accuracy of the ARR varied greatly among the different age groups. An ARR of 3.7 (ng/dl)/(μIU/ml) had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80% in patients ≥ 60 years old. With this cutoff, the sensitivities in patients < 40, 40–49, and 50–59 years old were 74%, 82%, and 87%, respectively, and the specificities were 94%, 95%, and 94%, respectively. To achieve a sensitivity higher than 90%, the ARR cutoff needed to be lowered to 2.0 (ng/dl)/(μIU/ml) for patients 40–49 and 50–59 years old, resulting in sensitivities of 90% and 95%, respectively, and specificities of 80% and 84%, respectively. To achieve a sensitivity higher than 90%, the ARR cutoff needed to be lowered to 1.0 (ng/dl)/(μIU/ml) for patients < 40 years old, resulting in a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 82%. Conclusions. An ARR of 3.7 (ng/dl)/(μIU/ml) is optimal for patients ≥ 60 years; for patients 40–59 years, the optimal ARR cutoff is 2.0; for those younger than 40 years, an ARR of 1.0 may be more reasonable.

Calf Blood Pressure: Clinical Implications and Correlations With Arm Blood Pressure in Infants and Young Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Michael S. Crapanzano ◽  
William B. Strong ◽  
Ingrid R. Newman ◽  
R. Lester Hixon ◽  
Devarra Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Objective. Indirect measurement of lower extremity blood pressure is often used in the clinical setting, although normative data after the newborn period are not readily available. Methods. Indirect blood pressure (BP) measurement was obtained in the right arms and right calves of 148 healthy infants and young children 2 weeks to 3 years of age. All measurements were made using an oscillometric device. The infants and children were quiet or asleep and in the supine position. A BP cuff of proper size was chosen. Three measurements were made in both extremities; the average of the second and third measurements was used for all analyses. Results. Age correlated better with calf systolic blood pressure (SBPc) than with arm SBP (SBPa) (r = .52 vs .17). Calf diastolic blood pressure (DBPc) and calf mean blood pressure (MBPc) correlated moderately poorly with age (r = .37 and .39, respectively). There was no order effect. SBPc correlated best with height (r .53), then age (r = .52), and, finally, weight (r = .51). The correlation between BPc and BPa was moderately low. The correlation of SBPc with SBPa was r = .46; that of DBPc with DBPa was r = .37; and that of MBPc with MBPa was r = .41. From birth to 6 months, SBPc was slightly lower than SBPa (1 to 3 mm Hg). SBPc increased linearly relative to SBPa and began to exceed SBPa at 6 months of age. The pattern of DBP and MBP was similar. Wide variability of blood pressure parameters was noted between the infants and children at all ages. Conclusions. Reference data are presented for BPc and the difference between BPc and BPa in healthy infants and children from 2 weeks to 3 years of age. BPc is not equivalent to BPa and should not be arbitrarily substituted. Because of the wide variability among healthy infants and children, SBPc measurements should be interpreted with caution when evaluating for coarctation of the aorta.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document