Home-based anthropometric, blood pressure and pulse measurements in young children by trained data collectors in the National Children’s Study

AbstractObjectiveThe current study assessed whether home-based data collection by trained data collectors can produce high-quality physical measurement data in young children.DesignThe study assessed the quality of intra-examiner measurements of blood pressure, pulse rate and anthropometric dimensions using intra-examiner reliability and intra-examiner technical error of measurement (TEM).SettingNon-clinical, primarily private homes of National Children’s Study participants in twenty-two study locations across the USA.SubjectsChildren in four age groups: 5–7 months (n 91), 11–16 months (n 393), 23–28 months (n 1410) and 35–40 months (n 800).ResultsAbsolute TEM ranged in value from 0·09 to 16·21, varying widely by age group and measure, as expected. Relative TEM spanned from 0·27 to 13·71 across age groups and physical measures. Reliabilities for anthropometric measurements by age group and measure ranged from 0·46 to >0·99 with most exceeding 0·90, suggesting that the large majority of anthropometric measures can be collected in a home-based setting on young children by trained data collectors. Reliabilities for blood pressure and pulse rate measurements by age group ranged from 0·21 to 0·74, implying these are less reliably measured with young children when taken in the data collection context described here.ConclusionsReliability estimates >0·95 for weight, length, height, and thigh, waist and head circumference, and >0·90 for triceps and subscapular skinfolds, indicate that these measures can be collected in the field by trained data collectors without compromising data quality. These estimates can be used for interim evaluations of data collector training and measurement protocols.

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PENGELOMPOKAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK BERDASARKAN KATEGORI USIA DENGAN METODE K-MEANS

Jurnal Teknik Informasi dan Komputer (Tekinkom) ◽

10.37600/tekinkom.v2i2.115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Sahat Sonang ◽

Arifin Tua Purba ◽

Ferri Ojak Imanuel Pardede

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Human Resources ◽

Data Processing ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Age Groups ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Age Group ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Economic Level ◽

The Government

Control of population is one of the tasks of the government in Indonesia. The increase and movement of population in each region makes a certain area to defeat changes in population surging, and this can affect the economic level of the area. This study aims to process the population of Pematangsiantar City in 2018 which is divided into age groups, namely: Toddlers, Young Children, Early Adolescents, Late Adolescents, Early Adolescents, Late Adulthood, Early Adulthood, Elderly, Late Elderly, and Upper Seniors. Data processing is done by using K-Means method clustering in accordance with the population of Pematangsiantar City per district. With this grouping, we can see that the number of population in each sub-district is based on each age group so that we can implement programs that are more appropriate in improving human resources.

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Development and Piloting of the Starship Posttraumatic Amnesia Scale for Children Aged Between Four and Six Years

Brain Impairment ◽

10.1375/brim.3.1.34 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 34-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kris Fernando ◽

Lynette Eaton ◽

Morag Faulkner ◽

Yogi Moodley ◽

Raylene Setchell

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Operational Definition ◽

Age Group ◽

Normal Children ◽

Posttraumatic Amnesia ◽

Standard Deviations ◽

Definition Of

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and pilot a posttraumatic amnesia scale (PTA) scale for children aged between four and six years. The scale consists of seven orientation questions and five memory items modelled on the Westmead PTA Scale which assesses posttraumatic amnesia in children from eight years onwards and adults. The sample consisted of 45 four-year-olds, 82 five-year-olds and 49 six-year-old children from a variety of cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Children were recruited from hospitals, kindergartens and schools. Results were analysed across age groups using means and standard deviations. The orientation and memory items were analysed separately as well as in combination. Early analyses indicate that the majority of normal children in the four to 6 year age group can answer most of the orientation questions correctly and remember the memory stimuli from day to day. The results indicate that the Starship PTA Scale is suitable for young children aged 4 to 6 years. It is simple and quick to administer and utilises an operational definition of posttraumatic amnesia in terms of measuring continuous memory.

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Research on Relative Age in Hungarian Swimming

Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research ◽

10.1515/pcssr-2015-0023 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 5-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nikoletta Nagy ◽

Csaba Ökrös ◽

Csaba Sós

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Age Groups ◽

Independent Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Relative Age ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Research Population ◽

High Level

AbstractIn 2017, the 19th World Swimming Championship will be organized in Hungary. Up to now, many people have already been working with swimmers to achieve good results. However, in the next period they must work even harder to ensure that the national swimmers of a country as small as Hungary can achieve the outstanding results of their predecessors. Since high-level competitions in swimming have become more intense, innovations including scientific studies are needed during preparation for the event. The purpose of this paper is to present the major results of an independent study carried out by the authors about the relative age of the best Hungarian swimmers with the aim of contributing to their preparation. The research population consisted of selected age groups of swimmers registered by the Hungarian Swimming Association (N=400). The method for data collection was an analysis of documents. To evaluate the data, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The results are presented according to the period of the competitor’s date of birth, gender, and age group. The results confirm only partly the hypothesis that people born in the first quarters of the year play a dominant role in Hungarian national swimming teams. In the conclusion, the authors recommend further research on relative age in swimming and in other sports.

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Analysis of perceived stress, cardiovascular and central nervous system changes before and after menstruation in the age group 18-22 years

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173578 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3644

Author(s):

Amita M. Pardeshi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Premenstrual Syndrome ◽

Age Group ◽

Visual Reaction Time ◽

Visual Reaction

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is a set of physical, behavioural or emotional symptoms that some women experience on regular basis in relation to menstruation. Premenstrual symptoms have been associated with perceived stress, and perceived stress is the strongest predictor of premenstrual syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the premenstrual stress and its effect on cardiovascular system and sensorimotor association and processing capability of central nervous system.Methods: The present study was done in 60 healthy female volunteers in age group of 18-22 years. We measured following parameters during premenstrual and postmenstrual phases- pulse rate, blood pressure, weight, auditory and visual reaction time and perceived stress with the help of Cohen’s perceived stress scale.Results: The study revealed that significant increase was observed in perceived stress, pulse rate, blood pressure, weight, auditory reaction time (ART), and visual reaction time (VRT) during premenstrual period as compared to postmenstrual period.Conclusions: These changes could be attributed to fluid and salt retention due to ovarian steroids and to exaggerated response to hormonal changes leading to decrease in the processing capability of central nervous system. It is not clear how stress may contribute to increased pre-menstrual symptom severity, although stress-induced changes in ovarian hormone levels and neurotransmitters may be involved.

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AMNIOTIC FLUID ASSESSMENT;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.09.810 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (09) ◽

pp. 1365-1375

Author(s):

Amjad Ali ◽

Marium Shoukat ◽

Muhammad Usman Bashir ◽

Ahmed Danyal

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Age Groups ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

Age Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Female Patients ◽

Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽

Married Female

Objectives: To assess amniotic fluid volume in second and third trimester ofpregnancy in Pakistani population. Period: Three months. Setting: Talha ultrasound, Multan.Material and Methods: I have started my work by collecting data from the month of November,2015 to February, 2016. The machines which have been used for data collection were Xarioand Z-5 ultrasound Doppler machines with transabdominal (3.5-5MHz) probes. A group of 100Pakistani married female patients of different age groups was included. These patients werehaving normal criteria of second and third trimester (14-40 weeks gestational age). Results:100 married female patients were selected having different age group. There were no significantdifference found in the means of large pocket volume and four pocket volumes of second andthird trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Ultrasound plays an important role in assessment ofamniotic fluid volume. If there is one unit change in large pocket volume (LPV) than four pocketvolume (FPV) will change by 2.37 and 2.146 in second and third trimester, respectively.

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Alcohol consumption, obesity and hypertension: Relationship patterns along different age groups in Uganda

10.1101/654251 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye ◽

Gerald Mutungi ◽

Silver Bahendeka ◽

Ronald Wesonga ◽

Monica H. Swahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Age Groups ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Age Group ◽

Relationship Patterns ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Prevalence Ratios

AbstractIntroductionUganda is experiencing a significant increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases including hypertension and obesity. Frequent alcohol use is also highly prevalent in Uganda and is a key risk factor for both hypertension and obesity. This study determines the trends of frequent alcohol consumption, hypertension and obesity across different age groups, and the extent to which alcohol consumption affects the two.MethodsThe data were extracted from the 2014 National Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factor Survey (N=3,987) conducted among adults aged 18 to 69 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHG or diastolic blood pressure ≥90. Obesity was defined as body mass index >30 kg/m2. Frequent alcohol consumption was defined as alcohol use 3 or more times a week. Multivariable log binomial regression analysis was carried out for each of the two outcome variables against age group and controlled for frequency of alcohol consumption and few other independent factors. Non-parametric tests were used to compare trends of prevalence ratios across age groups. Modified Poisson regression was use in few instances when the model failed to converge.ResultsThe results showed increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and frequent alcohol consumption but a declining trend for obesity along different age groups (p<0.01). Frequency of alcohol consumption did not significantly modify the age group-hypertension and age group-obesity relationships although the effect was significant with ungrouped age. There was significance in difference of fitted lines for hypertension prevalence ratios between frequent drinkers and mild drinkers and between abstainers and frequent drinkers. Alcohol consumption did not have any significant effect on obesity-age group relationship.ConclusionThe results call for more research to understand the effect of alcohol on the hypertension-age relationship, and the obesity-age relationship. Why prevalence ratios for hypertension decline among those who take alcohol most frequently is another issue that needs further research.

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A study on prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with overweight and obesity in adolescents and young adults, Nizamabad city

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3861

Author(s):

G. Chethan Raj ◽

Syam Sundar Junapudi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Age Group ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population

Background: The overall imbalance between unhealthy diet intake and physical activity leads to obesity which contributes to high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It is multi factorial disease and changes in the levels of blood pressure and blood lipids differ by age sex and race and are influenced by body fat and dietary patterns. These risk factors need to be monitored and evaluated in childhood and adolescents. So identifying and modifying the risk factors in early age reduces the incidence in adolescents and adult. Prevalence of hypertension varies across countries and states. The prevalence of hypertension in India is reported as ranging from 10 to 30.9%. The objective of the present study is to observe the prevalence hypertension among study population and to study contributing factors for hypertension among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study done on 100 adolescents and young adults of both sexes in the age group 17 to 25 years from 2 degree colleges randomly selected in Nizamabad city, Telangana, India.Results: In the present study population 52 were males and 48 were females, 22 students belongs to rural area and 78 belongs to urban area, pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 8% in both age groups. Overweight and obesity (>25) was found 7% in 17-19 age group and 9% in 20-25 age group. Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found among 10% of alcoholics.Conclusions: The result of our study concluded that there is increasing prevalence of hypertension with increase in age and is associated with overweight and obesity.

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The average peak time and intensity of seasonal influenza may vary by age: a study of laboratory confirmed influenza

Journal of Infection Prevention ◽

10.1177/1757177420921916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 170-176

Author(s):

Bhikhari P Tharu

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Human Life ◽

Parametric Method ◽

Age Groups ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Peak Time ◽

Age Group ◽

Calendar Time ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

The Usa

Background: Seasonal influenza (SI) is an acute respiratory illness that exerts a severe impact on human life year-round. Yet, very few studies have been conducted to investigate its peak timing for different age groups. Objective: To evaluate the average peak calendar time and intensity for the incidence of SI for different age groups. Methods: The study uses laboratory-confirmed Influenza data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the USA with age groups 2, 11, 34, 57 and 65 years during 2009–2018 for the analysis. A non-parametric method of estimation of a circular probability distribution called likelihood cross-validation method has been utilised. Results: The average peak date of incidence for age groups 2 and 11 is around the last week of December. However, the date shifts to the last week of January to the first week of February for other groups. Age groups 65 and 2 years experienced the most severe impact among all. Discussion: The average peak time for SI incidence is between the last week of December to January with a single peak time for every age group. However, the incidence seems to develop an additional moderate peak time for age group 65.

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Evaluation of Waist Circumference to Predict Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Overweight Tehranian Population: Findings from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.75.5.347 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 347-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Esmaillzadeh ◽

Mirmiran ◽

Azizi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Biochemical Analyses ◽

Adequate Evidence

This study was conducted to evaluate the waist circumference (WC) cut-off points to predict cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight Tehranian population. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical analyses were evaluated for the 15,005 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Three thousand sixty-five subjects aged 18–74 years with a body mass index of 25–29.9 were enrolled in this study. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women. Sensitivity of WC ≥ 102 cm to detect various cardiovascular risk factors for men aged 35–54 years was between 5% and 14%, and for men aged 55–74 years, was between 12% and 19%. The specificity of this cut-off point was between 93% and 98% and between 86% and 96% for corresponding age-categories, respectively. WC ≥ 88 cm had a sensitivity of between 28% and 41% for identifying cardiovascular risk factors in women aged 18–34 years. Sensitivity tended to increase with age and specificity tended to decrease with age in both genders. These cut-off points had the highest positive predictive value for the more prevalent risk factors in both genders. The negative predictive values were different for various risk factors among age groups. The classic cut-off points of WC failed to provide adequate evidence for the use of WC in detecting cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies should be conducted to determine optimal WC cut-off points for Iranians.

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Decreased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Finnish Children

10.2337/figshare.12918509.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Parviainen ◽

Anna But ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Group A ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising for decades, particularly among young children. Between 2006 and 2011 the incidence rate reached a plateau in Finland. In this observational register-based cohort study, we assess recent trends in the disease rate in Finnish children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, we studied the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years between 2003 and 2018. We assessed sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person years (PY) by 4-year time periods in three age groups (0.50–4.99, 5.00–9.99, and 10.00–14.99 years). RESULTS Among the 7,871 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the median age at diagnosis increased from 7.88 to 8.33 (P = 0.001), while the overall IR decreased from 57.9/100,000 PY in 2003–2006 to 52.2/100,000 PY in 2015–2018, yielding an IR ratio (IRR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.96, P = 0.001). This decline was mainly due to the decrease in the youngest age group [IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87); P < 0.001], being significant both among males and females. In the middle age group, a significant decrease was observed only among females. No changes were observed in the oldest children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased among young Finnish children between 2003 and 2018. Current findings imply that environmental factors driving the immune system towards islet autoimmunity are changing in young children.

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