scholarly journals Clinical Signs Predictive of Severe Illness in Young Pakistani Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahira Shahid ◽  
Shiyam Sunder Tikmani ◽  
Kanwal Nayani ◽  
Ayesha Munir ◽  
Nick Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sign Algorithm

Abstract Objective:Early detection of specific signs and symptoms to predict severe illness is essential to prevent infant mortality. As a continuation of the results from the multicenter Young Infants Clinical Signs and Symptoms (YICSS) study, we present here the performance of the seven-sign algorithm in 3 age categories (0-6 days, 7-27 days and 28-59 days) in Pakistani infants aged 0-59 days.Results:From September 2003 to November 2004, 2950 infants were enrolled (age group 0-6 days=1633, 7-27 days=817, 28-59 days=500). The common reason for seeking care was umbilical redness or discharge (29.2%) in the 0-6 days group. Older age groups presented with cough (16.9%) in the 7-27 age group and (26.9%) infants in the 28-59 days group. Severe infection/sepsis was the most common primary diagnoses in infants requiring hospitalization across all age groups. The algorithm performed well in every age group, with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 71.6% in the 0-6 days age group and a sensitivity of 80.5% and specificity of 80.2% in the 28-59 days group; the sensitivity was slightly lower in the 7-27 age group (72.4%) but the specificity remained high (83.1%).

scholarly journals Clinical signs predictive of severe illness in young Pakistani infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahira Shahid ◽  
Shiyam Sunder Tikmani ◽  
Kanwal Nayani ◽  
Ayesha Munir ◽  
Nick Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sign Algorithm

Abstract Objective Early detection of specific signs and symptoms to predict severe illness is essential to prevent infant mortality. As a continuation of the results from the multicenter Young Infants Clinical Signs and Symptoms (YICSS) study, we present here the performance of the seven-sign algorithm in 3 age categories (0–6 days, 7–27 days and 28–59 days) in Pakistani infants aged 0–59 days. Results From September 2003 to November 2004, 2950 infants were enrolled (age group 0–6 days = 1633, 7–27 days = 817, 28–59 days = 500). The common reason for seeking care was umbilical redness or discharge (29.2%) in the 0–6 days group. Older age groups presented with cough (16.9%) in the 7–27 age group and (26.9%) infants in the 28–59 days group. Severe infection/sepsis was the most common primary diagnoses in infants requiring hospitalization across all age groups. The algorithm performed well in every age group, with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 71.6% in the 0–6 days age group and a sensitivity of 80.5% and specificity of 80.2% in the 28–59 days group; the sensitivity was slightly lower in the 7–27 age group (72.4%) but the specificity remained high (83.1%).

scholarly journals Parechovirus and enteroviruses among young infants with sepsis in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoochehr Makvandi ◽  
Ali Teimoori ◽  
Roya Pirmoradi ◽  
Chiman Karami ◽  
Ahmad Shamsizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Blood Specimens

Background and Objectives: Human parechoviruses (HPeV) and Human enteroviruses (EV) frequently cause a sepsis-like illness in young infants (younger than three months). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of HPeV and EV among the young infants with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis in Ahvaz city, Iran. Materials and Methods: The blood specimens were collected from 100 (younger than 90 days hospitalized infants) including 54 (56.25%) males and 46 (43.75%) females with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis-like disease. The RNA was extracted and tested for detection of VP1 region of HPeV and 5 UTR (Untranslated Region) of EV by RT-PCR. The sequences of positive of HPeV were further analyzed to determine HPeV genotyping. Results: 5/100 (5%) of patients including 2/46 (2%) females and 3/54 (3%) males tested positive for HPeV (P=0.85). The analysis of 5 positive VP1 region of HPeV revealed the genotype 1. The analysis of sequencing and phylogenetic tree revealed that the isolated HPeVs were genotype 1. While 38/100 (38%) specimens including 16 (16%) females and 22 (22%) males were tested positive for EV (P=0.68). Conclusion: The frequency of HPeV genotype 1 was 5% among the young infants with sepsis. While frequency of EV was 38% among the young infants with sepsis. This study showed HPeV genotype 1 and EV are dominant in this region.

scholarly journals Carpel ligament release for carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) under local anesthesia: our experience with 277 cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Aashish Basnet ◽  
Maya Bhattachan ◽  
Sumit Joshi ◽  
Pawan Bhandari ◽  
Ram Chandra Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the common neurological condition where median nerve is compressed by transverse carpel ligament at wrist. About 5% of general population suffer from this problem and most commonly occurred in young and middle-aged women. 30% of patients suffering from CTS can be managed by medications and physiotherapy and 70% may require surgical decompression at some stage. Surgical treatment is to decompress median nerve by releasing transverse carpel ligament either by open or endoscopic procedure. Both procedures have shown similar results. This is a retrospective study of 277 patients who underwent 349 decompressive surgical procedures under local anesthesia for CTS between May 2007 and April 2017 in our institute. Diagnosis was made from clinical signs and symptoms and confirmed by either NCV or EMG. All patients were operated in day care basis. Data were retrieved from OPD and OT records. Followed up duration ranged from 6 months to 10 years. There were 257 female and 20 male. 74% had unilateral and 26% had bilateral CTS. 93% CTS were idiopathic. 10% suffered postoperative complications.26% achieved immediate pain relief after decompression, 73% after three weeks and 98.5% after three months. Open decompression of CTS is a quick and simple OPD based surgical procedure.

scholarly journals Condylar Changes and Its Association with Age, TMD, and Dentition Status: A Cross-Sectional Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuna Laila Mathew ◽  
Amar A. Sholapurkar ◽  
Keerthilatha M. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Condylar Morphology ◽  
Radiographic Changes

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of radiographic changes in the condylar morphology and its association with age, clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and dentition status and also to evaluate the intra examiner and inter examiner reliability in assessing condylar changes using panoramic radiographs. A total of 75 subjects were recruited for the study. They were divided into 3 age groups. 20–40 yrs (Group A), 41–60 yrs (Group B) and 61 yrs and above (Group C). In each age group 25 subjects were evaluated both clinically and radiographically. The prevalence of radiographic changes in condylar morphology and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction was 81.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Radiographic abnormalities in the mandibular condylar morphology increased with age. They were seen more frequently in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and in patients with loss of teeth. Intra examiner and inter examiner reliability was high indicating a good reliability in assessing the condylar changes using panoramic radiograph.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of rotaviruses disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šukrija Zvizdić ◽  
Sađida Telalbašić ◽  
Edina Bešlagić ◽  
Semra Čavaljuga ◽  
Jasminka Maglajlić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Stool Samples

Rotaviruses are the major causes of viral gastroenteritis in infant and the young children. There are a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms of rotavirosis. Rotavirus infection is fecal-oral infection. Rotaviruses prove with Latex agglutination test and electron microscopy. In a four year period 943 stool samples out of 527 hospitalized patients had been analyzed. A presence of rotavirus is proved with a LA and EM tests at 170 (32,2%) patients age 0-7 years, in their stool samples. Analyzing age groups of these patients, it was found that the rotavirusesinfection the most frequently occurred at age group from 7-24 months. From 170 positive patients, 122 or 71,8% were in this age group. At all patients was found diarrhea, vomiting in a 90,5% cases. Mild fever had 65,5% patients, signs of a respiratory infection appeared at 60,7% patients, abdominal pain at 13,3% patients. Severe dehydration had 49,9% patients and metabolic acidosis had 79,2% cases. Macroscopically blood in stool had 6,4% patients, slime in a stool 46,0% patients was found, and aholic stool had 8,4% patients. In all hospitalized patients disease lasted in average 12,6 days, and the hospitalization in average 10,2 days. None of the patient had any kind of complication, all of them very successfully cured. These results confirm that rotaviruses are important health problem among infant and the young children in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals Microbial Isolates from Patients and their Antibiogram at the Tertiary Care Burn Unit in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
H Begum ◽  
M Quamruzzaman ◽  
M Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Burn Unit ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Flame Burn ◽  
Proteus Species

Infection and antibacterial resistance are important issue in severe burn. This prospective study was carried out in 112 patients who were enrolled from July 2007 to June 2008 in DMCH burn unit (only dedicated burn facility in Bangladesh with a mean annual admission of 869). The aim of this study were to investigate the profile of microorganism and resistance to antimicrobial agents; individuals who were admitted more than 5 days, with partial or full thickness burn developed clinical signs and symptoms of wound infection or pneumonia or septicaemia were included in this study. Nearly 50% of participants were aged 11-30 yrs, the most common type of burn was flame burn and females were the common victims. Bacterial isolates were found in 104 (92.85%) samples and eight (08) swabs were sterile (7.14%). Pseudomonas species was the commonest pathogens (46.42%) followed by Proteus species (21.41%) and Klebsiella species (19.6%). Multiple organisms were found in 38 samples(33.92%). Antibiogram results obtained from ten antimicrobial agents demonstrated that Imipenem was the most efective agent, followed by amikacin and ceftazidime (92.3%, 52.8% and 38.46% sensitive respectively). Hundred percent (100%) of Proteus species were sensitive to imipenem, then amikacin 58.33%; they were highly resistant to cephalosporins (nearly 100%) and ciprofloxacin (83.33%). The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to anti-pseudomonas agents were exceptionally high. Newer drugs were found to be effective. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7949 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 62-66)

scholarly journals Comparison of ultrasound and serum amylase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4030
Author(s):  
Manoharan G. V. ◽  
Maharaja P.
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Amylase Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Though, severe acute pancreatitis constitutes 15-20% of all cases of pancreatitis, in recent times, mortality rate of severe acute pancreatitis has reduced from 30-80% to 15-20%. Ultrasound is the first imaging modality in most centres for the preliminary screening of an acute abdomen.Methods: In this prospective study between October 2017 to March 2019, 113 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis were screened with an ultrasonogram of the abdomen and serum amylase in the emergency room. Patients also underwent a complete physical exam.Results: In our study 38.9% of patients were in the age group of 45-55 years, 25% in the 35-45 age group and 20.4% in the 55 to 70 age group. 92.9% of the patients were men. 89.4% of the participants had a history of alcoholism. Only 37.2% of the participants who were clinically positive for acute pancreatitis, also showed USG findings for acute pancreatitis while 69% of the clinically positive patients showed serum amylase level positive for acute pancreatitis.Conclusions: Ultrasonogram though cheap and easily available is not ideal for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. As shown in the study serum amylase is able to detect nearly twice as many cases of pancreatitis compared to ultrasonogram. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography to detect acute pancreatitis is too low to use as a diagnostic test but it is a valuable tool in the evaluation of an acute abdomen.

scholarly journals Young infant clinical signs study­­, Pakistan: a data note

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Shahira Shahid ◽  
Shiyam Sunder Tikmani ◽  
Nick Brown ◽  
Anita K.M. Zaidi ◽  
Fyezah Jehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Death ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Young Infants

Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of child death globally with most of these deaths occurring in the first week of life.  It is of utmost public health importance that clinical signs predictive of severe illness and need for referral are identified early in the course of illness. From 2002-2005, a multi country trial called the Young Infant Clinical Signs Study (YICSS) was conducted in seven sites across three South-Asian (Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan), two African (Ghana, and South Africa), and one South American (Bolivia) country. The study aimed to develop a simplified algorithm to be used by primary healthcare workers for the identification of sick young infants needing prompt referral and treatment. The main study enrolled 8,889 young infants between the ages of 0-59 days old. This dataset contains observations on 2950 young infants aged 0-59 days from the Pakistan site. The data was collected between 2003-2004 with information on the most prevalent signs and symptoms. The data from this study was used to update the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines. The World Health Organisation (WHO) seven-sign algorithm has been used in other major community-based trials to study possible serious bacterial infection and its treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosed case of liver sub-capsular hematoma in a child managed with percutaneous pigtail catheter drainage

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pigtail Catheter ◽  
Catheter Drainage ◽  
Hepatic Hematoma ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

Hepatic hematoma sometimes has a non-specific presentation with non-specific history especially in pediatric age group. Clinical signs and symptoms may vary & sometimes misleading results in delays in diagnosis and higher morbidity. We present a case of a 9-year old male child with a liver subcapsular hematoma with Perihepatic collection, initially misdiagnosed as liver abscess.

scholarly journals Evaluation of “Cyscope”, a novel fluorescence-based microscopy technique for the detection of malaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovemore Gwanzura ◽  
Justin Mayini ◽  
Katherine Mabhanga ◽  
Joseph Chipinduro ◽  
Kansomba Mashamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Conventional Microscopy

Introduction: This study was designed to compare the detection of malaria parasites in peripheral blood smears using the Cyscope malaria rapid fluorescent microscopic technique and light microscopy of Giemsa-stained smears. Methodology: A total of 295 blood smears were collected from patients of all age groups presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of malaria to 10 City Health Clinics in Harare.  For each patient two blood films were prepared. Microscopic examination was done independently in two laboratories, with one performing the Giemsa stain and the other the Cyscope method.  After the tests were completed, the results were then matched and recorded without any alterations. Results: An equal number of men and women were malaria positive and their ages ranged from five to 66 years. Concordance in the detection of parasites (positive or negative) was 98.6% (291/295).  In all four cases of discordance, malaria parasites were detected using the Cyscope but not with conventional microscopy. The Cyscope gave a 100% sensitivity and a specificity of 98.6%.  Conclusion: The Cyscope may be a valuable addition to diagnostics of malaria  in  resource-limited settings such as Zimbabwe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document