scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in livestock in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background : In Morocco, data of LA-MRSA nasal carriage are still limited. The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact. Methods : From 2015 to 2016, 480 nasal swab samples were collected from 27 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2016. The presence of nuc , mec A and his homologue mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results : The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR = 14.321; 95% CI = 7.484- 27.405; p< 0.0001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the higher resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been found only in animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively). Conclusion : Despite the lower colonization rate of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention. Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus , nasal carriage, animals, breeders, MRSA, Morocco

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S.aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001).In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only, from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention.Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of Staphylococcus. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc , mec A, mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates.Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of Staphylococcus. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates. Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different Livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates. Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background : The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact. Methods : From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc , mec A, mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates. Results : The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively). Conclusion : Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus among the food handlers in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Šegalo ◽  
Daniel Maestro ◽  
Zarema Obradović ◽  
Anes Jogunčić
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carriage Rate

Introduction: The nasals and hand carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in food handlers (FHs) represent a significant source of Staphylococcal food contamination and food poisoning. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a microorganism’s ability to resist the action of one or more antimicrobial agents. S. aureus has demonstrated the ability to rapidly respond to each new antimicrobial with the development of a resistance mechanism. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of nasal carriage rate and AMR pattern of isolated strains S. aureus among FHs in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The retrospective study included laboratory results of 11.139 tested subjects between January 2014 and December 2018. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. Samples of nasal swabs were collected from FHs, employees in companies located in Canton Sarajevo, during sanitary surveillance prescribed by applicable legal standards. S. aureus isolates were identified according to conventional microbiological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the agar disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2013 standard. Results: Among the 11.138 subjects, 792 (7.1%) were carriers of S. aureus. Isolated strains were tested on eight different antibiotics, and the resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin was 788 (99.5%), 776 (97.9%), and 752 (94.9%), retrospectively. In total, 86.36% of isolated strains were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions: The low percentage of S. aureus carriers indicates that preventive measures of carrier control are being actively implemented within the legally prescribed measures. The emergence of numerous isolated strains with multidrug-resistance characteristics is a significant public health problem and consequently limits the range of antibiotics available for therapeutic purposes. The results of this research indicate that AMR has increased in Sarajevo Canton and it is following the trend of global growth.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF NASAL CARRIAGE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE DEPARTMENTS OF OTORINOLARYNGOLOGY AND DENTISTRY IN KYIV, UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2563-2567
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Taras P. Bondar ◽  
Yaroslav V. Shkorbotun ◽  
Evelina A. Chumak ◽  
Volodymyr O. Shkorbotun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Encoding Genes

The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the departments of Otorinolaryngology and Dentistry and to determine of genes virulence factors (Panton Valentine Leukocidine (PVL) genes). Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The virulence factor encoding genes, mecA, lukS-lukF, were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Incidence rate of S. aureus nasal carriage among HCWs was 36.2%, whereas MRSA carriage was 17%. Prevalence of MRSA carriage rate was 34.9% in Otorhinolaryngology departments and 9.7% in Dentistry. PCR testing confirmed that all MRSA strains were mecA gene-positive. The virulence factor encoding genes were detected in 82.3% of the S. aureus isolates from HCWs. Among S.aureus, the lukS-lukF genes were detected in over 59% of the strains. The lukS-lukF genes were detected in 55.5% of MRSA and in 58.9% of MSSA strains. LukS-lukF genes were most commonly co-present in MRSA strains. No significant difference was detected between the occurrences of lukS-lukF genes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Personnell in otorhinolaryngology and dentistry departments have a high rate of nasal colonization of MRSA. This carrier state may be an important risk factor for transmission MRSA from physicians and nurses to patients and vice-versa. Screening for MRSA nasal carriage of HCWs is a key element in enabling infection control measures and early therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals NASAL CARRIAGE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON METHICILLINRESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AMONG STUDENTS OF A SOUTH INDIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE - PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM PATTERN

2016 ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Radhakrishna Manipura ◽  
Aishwarya Taneja ◽  
Pooja Rao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
South Indian

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: There is paucity of information on carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant S.aureus from developing nations including<br />the medical students who could be the potential transmitters. Present study was aimed at establishing the prevalence and antibiogram pattern of<br />S. aureus with special emphasis on MRSA among II year MBBS students of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore.<br />Methods: A total of 148 students were participated in this study. Swabs taken from both anterior nares were processed, and the growth of S. aureus<br />was confirmed by standard procedure. Further categorization of S. aureus into MRSA was done using cefoxitin disc diffusion method, along with the<br />antibiogram to other common drugs.<br />Results: The number of strains of S. aureus isolated from our 148 participants was 78 with a percentage rate of 52.7. Of the 78 isolates of S. aureus,<br />9 (11.5%) were MRSA. The overall MRSA carriage rate was 6.1%.<br />Conclusion: The S. aureus and MRSA carriage rates recorded in this study were significantly higher when compared with other reported studies. It<br />was observed that risk factors like use of antibiotics in past 6 months and snoring were found to be statistically significant in nasal carriage status of<br />S. aureus. Out of nine MRSA carriers, six were found to be having the parents who were busy clinicians by occupation and the close contact with them<br />could be the prime factor in the acquisition of MRSA carriage status.<br />Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Nasal carriage, Medical students.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of Nasal Carriage Rate and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Syrian Students in Kurdistan, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narin Abdulrahman Rasheed ◽  
Nawfal Rasheed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent infectious agent that is responsible for various infections in hospitals and communities. Objectives: We aimed to study the nasal carriage rate and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. aureus among Syrian civilians in Duhok City, Iraq. Methods: A total of 335 participants were included from Syrian refugees in Duhok City, Iraq. Conventional lab tests such as Gram staining, mannitol fermentation, catalase, and coagulase were used for bacterial identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and agar dilution assay, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Out of the 355 samples, 140 (39.4%) were confirmed as S. aureus. The highest resistance rate was against oxacillin (35%) followed by fusidic acid (27.86%). The resistance rates against tetracycline, gentamicin, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin were 22.1%, 17.86%, 11.4%, and 8.57%; respectively. Teicoplanin showed no resistance. Conclusions: We recommend that the antibiotic profile of S. aureus among Syrian refugees needs to be monitored. We found resistance against most of the antibiotics used in the study, and the highest rate of resistance was against oxacillin.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of Belgrade University

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Dragana Vukovic ◽  
Goran Stevanovic ◽  
Milena Svabic-Vlahovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Introduction Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present the growing problem in the whole world. Carriage of MRSA is most frequent in the nose, and medical students come in contact both with patients and different persons in the community. Therefore, they may be significant for the transmission of MRSA from hospitals to out- of-hospital communities and vice versa. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the carriage rate among students of the second, third and fourth year of study at the School of Medicine in Belgrade and to analyze their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods. In total 533 nasal samples were taken. The samples were incubated in Trypcase-soy broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl, and thereafter the swabs were inoculated on mannitol salt agar supplemented with 2 ?g/mL of oxacillin. The presence of nuc, mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes was examined by PCR. The characteristics of the MRSA strains were determined using: antibiotic susceptibility testing by Vitek2 System, SCCmec, agr typing and MLST. Results. MRSA was isolated from two of 533 investigated samples (0.37%). MRSA were isolated from the students of the second and third year of study. Profiles of strains were: ST80 (SCCmec type IV, agr type 3) and ST152 (SCCmec type V, agr type 1). MRSA strains were multiresistant. Conclusion. The nasal carriage rate of MRSA in population of medical students of the first year of study in Belgrade is low. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA strains indicate their community origin. MLST typing revealed that isolates belong to ST80 and ST152.

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