scholarly journals Association of anthropomorphic measures across the life-course with refractive error and ocular biometry at age 15 years.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bruce ◽  
Neema Mojarrad ◽  
Gillian Santorelli
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background: A recent Genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAS) of refractive error reported shared genetics with anthropometric traits such as height, BMI and obesity. To explore a potential relationship with refractive error and ocular structure we performed a life-course analysis including both maternal and child characteristics using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.Methods: Measures collected across the life-course were analysed to explore the association of height, weight, and BMI with refractive error and ocular biometric measures at age 15 years from 1613children. The outcome measures were the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of refractive error (dioptres), axial length (AXL; mm), and radius of corneal curvature (RCC; mm). Potential confounding variables; maternal age at conception, maternal education level, parental socio-economic status, gestational age, breast-feeding, and gender were adjusted for within each multi-variable model.Results: Maternal height was positively associated with teenage AXL (0.010 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.017) and RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.007), increased maternal weight was positively associated with AXL (0.004 mm; 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.008). Birth length was associated with an increase in teenage AXL (0.067 mm; 95% CI: 0.032, 0.10) and flatter RCC (0.023 mm; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.034) and increasing birth weight was associated with flatter RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.009). An increase in teenage height was associated with a lower MSE (-0.007 D; 95% CI: -0.013, -0.001), an increase in AXL (0.021 mm; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.028) and flatter RCC (0.008 mm; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.010). Weight at 15 years was associated with an increase in AXL (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.009).Conclusions: At each life stage (pre-natal, birth, and teenage) height and weight, but not BMI, demonstrate an association with AXL and RCC measured at age 15 years. However, the negative association between refractive error and an increase in height was only present at the teenage life stage. Further research into the growth pattern of ocular structures and the development of refractive error over the life-course is required, particularly at the time of puberty.

scholarly journals Association of anthropomorphic measures across the life-course with refractive error and ocular biometry at age 15 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bruce ◽  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Neema Mojarrad
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background: A recent Genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAS) of refractive error reported shared genetics with anthropometric traits such as height, BMI and obesity. To explore a potential relationship with refractive error and ocular structure we performed a life-course analysis including both maternal and child characteristics using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Methods: Measures collected across the life-course were analysed to explore the association of height, weight, and BMI with refractive error and ocular biometric measures at age 15 years from 1613children. The outcome measures were the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of refractive error (dioptres), axial length (AXL; mm), and radius of corneal curvature (RCC; mm). Potential confounding variables; maternal age at conception, maternal education level, parental socio-economic status, gestational age, breast-feeding, and gender were adjusted for within each multi-variable model. Results: Maternal height was positively associated with teenage AXL (0.010 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.017) and RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.007), increased maternal weight was positively associated with AXL (0.004 mm; 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.008). Birth length was associated with an increase in teenage AXL (0.067 mm; 95% CI: 0.032, 0.10) and flatter RCC (0.023 mm; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.034) and increasing birth weight was associated with flatter RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.009). An increase in teenage height was associated with a lower MSE (-0.007 D; 95% CI: -0.013, -0.001), an increase in AXL (0.021 mm; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.028) and flatter RCC (0.008 mm; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.010). Weight at 15 years was associated with an increase in AXL (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.009). Conclusions: At each life stage (pre-natal, birth, and teenage) height and weight, but not BMI, demonstrate an association with AXL and RCC measured at age 15 years. However, the negative association between refractive error and an increase in height was only present at the teenage life stage. Further research into the growth pattern of ocular structures and the development of refractive error over the life-course is required, particularly at the time of puberty.

scholarly journals Association of anthropomorphic measures across the life-course with refractive error and ocular biometry at age 15 years.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Bruce ◽  
Neema Mojarrad ◽  
Gillian Santorelli
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background: A recent Genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAS) of refractive error reported shared genetics with anthropometric traits such as height, BMI and obesity. To explore a potential relationship with refractive error and ocular structure we performed a life-course analysis including both maternal and child characteristics using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.Methods: Measures collected across the life-course were analysed to explore the association of height, weight, and BMI with refractive error and ocular biometric measures at age 15 years from 1613children. The outcome measures were the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of refractive error (dioptres), axial length (AXL; mm), and radius of corneal curvature (RCC; mm). Potential confounding variables; maternal age at conception, maternal education level, parental socio-economic status, gestational age, breast-feeding, and gender were adjusted for within each multi-variable model.Results: Maternal height was positively associated with teenage AXL (0.010 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.017) and RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.007), increased maternal weight was positively associated with AXL (0.004 mm; 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.008). Birth length was associated with an increase in teenage AXL (0.067 mm; 95% CI: 0.032, 0.10) and flatter RCC (0.023 mm; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.034) and increasing birth weight was associated with flatter RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.009). An increase in teenage height was associated with a lower MSE (-0.007 D; 95% CI: -0.013, -0.001), an increase in AXL (0.021 mm; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.028) and flatter RCC (0.008 mm; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.010). Weight at 15 years was associated with an increase in AXL (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.009).Conclusions: At each life stage (pre-natal, birth, and teenage) height and weight, but not BMI, demonstrate an association with AXL and RCC measured at age 15 years. However, the negative association between refractive error and an increase in height was only present at the teenage life stage. Further research into the growth pattern of ocular structures and the development of refractive error over the life-course is required, particularly at the time of puberty.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status over the life course and obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzy Newton ◽  
Dejana Braithwaite ◽  
Tomi F. Akinyemiju
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

Differences In Chronic Pain Prevalence Between Men And Women At Mid-Life: A Systematic Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Borra ◽  
Rebecca Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background: Epidemiological literature has revealed differences in chronic pain (CP) prevalence in men and women. Women have been found to be more likely to develop CP compared to men at different points of the life-course, such as childhood and old age. Less is known about differences in prevalence by sex during mid-life. While CP is most prevalent later in life, biological and physical changes in mid-life may predispose to an earlier differentiation in CP distribution – for example due to the menopause. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of CP at midlife in men and women, and to identify how these differences relate to results pertaining to other periods in the life-course. Methods: This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search will identify appropriate studies in the following databases: MEDLINE, to be accessed through Web of Science; and EMBASE, AMED and PSYCHinfo to be accessed through OVID. Two reviewers will independently screen each title and abstract and subsequently each full text following the inclusion criteria outlined in this protocol. The reference lists of eligible papers will also be screened to identify any further eligible studies. Any inconsistencies between reviewer decisions will be resolved through discussion. Studies eligible for data extraction will report estimates of CP prevalence, of prevalence for each sex, and difference in prevalence between sexes. Two reviewers will conduct data extraction using a standardised data extraction form. Quality assessment will be conducted using a risk of bias assessment tool for prevalence studies. The findings will be reported in a narrative synthesis and will comment on expected heterogeneity, following the Social Research Council Methods Programme guidelines. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted where the reviewers can justify combining results.Discussion: This review will summarise the prevalence of CP in men and women at mid-life, based on existing evidence. It is expected that the results will identify gaps in knowledge and areas for further research.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021295895

scholarly journals The Psychological Consequences of Disability over the Life Course: Assessing the Mediating Role of Perceived Interpersonal Discrimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Eun Ha Namkung ◽  
Deborah Carr
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Interpersonal Discrimination ◽  
The Life Course

We examine whether perceived interpersonal discrimination mediates the association between disability and psychological well-being (depression, negative and positive affect) and how these processes differ across the life course. Data are from two waves (2004–2006; 2013–2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 2,503). Perceived discrimination accounts for 5% to 8% of the association between disability and the three mental health outcomes. Moderated mediation analyses reveal significant age differences; perceived discrimination is a stronger explanatory mechanism among midlife (ages 40–64) relative to older (age 65+) adults. Disability stigma takes a heightened psychological toll at midlife, a life stage when adults are expected to be able-bodied and interact with a diverse social network, which may be a source of interpersonal mistreatment. Among older adults, for whom impairment is expected and common, the psychological impact of disability may operate through other pathways. We discuss implications for research and practice.

scholarly journals The prevalence of under-nutrition among the tribal children in India: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uposoma Dey ◽  
Samiran Bisai
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Under Nutrition

Abstract Tribal population of India constitutes 8.6% of the total population. They are more susceptible to undernutrition which is recognized as a prevalent health problem mainly because of their uncertainty of food supply, which has serious long term consequences for the child and adversely influences the development of the nation. The assessment of nutritional status is paramount importance because it impels to identify malnutrition which is an aggravation of morbidity and mortality. This review was aimed to find out the overall nutritional status of tribal preschool children. It also seek the major socio-cultural causes which influence the nutritional status from bio-cultural perspectives among the tribal children in India in order to make foundation of new research. In the present review, 41 papers on nutritional status of tribal preschool children published from January 1st 2000 till date, have been identified and included for analysis. To analyze the data, meta-analysis was done using MedCalc software. The meta-analysis revealed the average rate of prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among the preschool tribal children of India was 42.96%; 44.82% and 23.69%. Among the 41 different studies these rates vary among the different tribal groups of different states associated with their socio-economic status (10%), their cultures of food consumption (10%), maternal education (15%), child feeding practices (20%), dietary deficit during pregnancy (25%) and poor nutrition of the child (52%). Prevalence rate of under-nutrition and stunting is relatively high in comparison to WHO in India whereas, rate of wasting was lower in comparison to national level which reflect that immediate nutritional status was poor but chronic deficiency of nutrition was less. Nutritional education and short term appropriately planned nutritional intervention programs may also be useful for enhancing their nutritional status.

scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of adiposity with cardiometabolic traits: multi-life-stage cohort study with repeat metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. O’Keeffe ◽  
Joshua A. Bell ◽  
Kate N. O’Neill ◽  
Matthew Lee ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

AbstractBackgroundSex differences in cardiometabolic disease risk are commonly observed across the life course but are poorly understood and may be due to different cardiometabolic consequences of adiposity in females and males. We examined whether adiposity influences cardiometabolic trait levels differently in females and males at four different life stages.MethodsData were from two generations (offspring, Generation 1 [G1] and their parents, Generation 0 [G0]) of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort study. Body mass index (BMI) and total fat mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were measured at mean age 9y, 15y and 18y in G1. Waist circumference was measured at 9y and 15y in G1. Concentrations of 148 cardiometabolic traits quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were measured at 15y, 18y and 25y in G1. In G0, all three adiposity measures and the same 148 traits were available at 50y.Using linear regression models, sex-specific associations of adiposity measures at each time point (9y, 15y and 18y) with cardiometabolic traits 3 to 6 years later were examined in G1. In G0, sex-specific associations of adiposity measures and cardiometabolic traits were examined cross- sectionally at 50y.Results3081 G1 and 4887 G0 participants contributed to analyses. BMI was more strongly associated with key atherogenic traits in males at younger ages (15y-25y) and associations were more similar between the sexes or stronger in females at 50y, particularly for apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoprotein particles and lipid concentrations. For example, a 1- SD (3.8 kg/m2) higher BMI at 18y was associated with 0.36 SD (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.20, 0.52) higher concentrations of extremely large very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles at 25y in males compared with 0.15 SD (95% CI = 0.09, 0.21) in females. In contrast, at 50y, a 1-SD (4.8 kg/m2) higher BMI was associated with 0.33 SD (95% CI = 0.25, 0.42) and 0.30 SD (95% CI = 0.26, 0.33) higher concentrations of extremely large VLDL particles in males and females respectively. Sex-specific associations of DXA-measured fat mass and waist circumference were similar to findings for BMI in both generations and at all ages.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the adverse cardiometabolic effects of adiposity are stronger and begin earlier in the life course among males compared with females until mid life, particularly for key atherogenic lipids. Adolescent and young adult males may therefore be high priority targets for obesity prevention efforts.

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