Socio-economic status over the life course and obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

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Differences In Chronic Pain Prevalence Between Men And Women At Mid-Life: A Systematic Review Protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1192864/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Borra ◽

Rebecca Hardy

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Life Course ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Social Research ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Men And Women ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

The Life Course

Abstract Background: Epidemiological literature has revealed differences in chronic pain (CP) prevalence in men and women. Women have been found to be more likely to develop CP compared to men at different points of the life-course, such as childhood and old age. Less is known about differences in prevalence by sex during mid-life. While CP is most prevalent later in life, biological and physical changes in mid-life may predispose to an earlier differentiation in CP distribution – for example due to the menopause. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of CP at midlife in men and women, and to identify how these differences relate to results pertaining to other periods in the life-course. Methods: This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search will identify appropriate studies in the following databases: MEDLINE, to be accessed through Web of Science; and EMBASE, AMED and PSYCHinfo to be accessed through OVID. Two reviewers will independently screen each title and abstract and subsequently each full text following the inclusion criteria outlined in this protocol. The reference lists of eligible papers will also be screened to identify any further eligible studies. Any inconsistencies between reviewer decisions will be resolved through discussion. Studies eligible for data extraction will report estimates of CP prevalence, of prevalence for each sex, and difference in prevalence between sexes. Two reviewers will conduct data extraction using a standardised data extraction form. Quality assessment will be conducted using a risk of bias assessment tool for prevalence studies. The findings will be reported in a narrative synthesis and will comment on expected heterogeneity, following the Social Research Council Methods Programme guidelines. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted where the reviewers can justify combining results.Discussion: This review will summarise the prevalence of CP in men and women at mid-life, based on existing evidence. It is expected that the results will identify gaps in knowledge and areas for further research.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021295895

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Health and socio-economic status over the life course

10.1515/9783110617245 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Economic Status ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Life Course

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Dietary protein and bone health across the life-course: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis over 40 years

Osteoporosis International ◽

10.1007/s00198-019-04933-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 741-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. L. Darling ◽

R. J. F. Manders ◽

S. Sahni ◽

K. Zhu ◽

C. E. Hewitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Life Course ◽

Bone Health ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Life Course ◽

Over 40 Years

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Association of anthropomorphic measures across the life-course with refractive error and ocular biometry at age 15 years.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16431/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alison Bruce ◽

Neema Mojarrad ◽

Gillian Santorelli

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Life Stage ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Variable Model ◽

Parents And Children ◽

The Life Course

Abstract Background: A recent Genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAS) of refractive error reported shared genetics with anthropometric traits such as height, BMI and obesity. To explore a potential relationship with refractive error and ocular structure we performed a life-course analysis including both maternal and child characteristics using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.Methods: Measures collected across the life-course were analysed to explore the association of height, weight, and BMI with refractive error and ocular biometric measures at age 15 years from 1613children. The outcome measures were the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of refractive error (dioptres), axial length (AXL; mm), and radius of corneal curvature (RCC; mm). Potential confounding variables; maternal age at conception, maternal education level, parental socio-economic status, gestational age, breast-feeding, and gender were adjusted for within each multi-variable model.Results: Maternal height was positively associated with teenage AXL (0.010 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.017) and RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.007), increased maternal weight was positively associated with AXL (0.004 mm; 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.008). Birth length was associated with an increase in teenage AXL (0.067 mm; 95% CI: 0.032, 0.10) and flatter RCC (0.023 mm; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.034) and increasing birth weight was associated with flatter RCC (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.009). An increase in teenage height was associated with a lower MSE (-0.007 D; 95% CI: -0.013, -0.001), an increase in AXL (0.021 mm; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.028) and flatter RCC (0.008 mm; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.010). Weight at 15 years was associated with an increase in AXL (0.005 mm; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.009).Conclusions: At each life stage (pre-natal, birth, and teenage) height and weight, but not BMI, demonstrate an association with AXL and RCC measured at age 15 years. However, the negative association between refractive error and an increase in height was only present at the teenage life stage. Further research into the growth pattern of ocular structures and the development of refractive error over the life-course is required, particularly at the time of puberty.

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Impact of Interventions for At-Risk and Criminally Involved Youths and Adults on Premature Mortality over the Life-Course: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology ◽

10.1007/s40865-021-00185-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brandon C. Welsh ◽

Steven N. Zane ◽

Jillian Reeves

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

At Risk ◽

Life Course ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

The Life Course

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Lo sviluppo dell'epidemiologia del life course

SALUTE E SOCIETÀ ◽

10.3280/ses2009-001015 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 171-189

Author(s):

David Blane ◽

Juliet Stone ◽

Gopal Netuveli

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Economic Status ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Life Course Epidemiology ◽

Accumulation Model ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Life Course Approach ◽

The Future ◽

The Life Course

- The present paper reviews the development of life course epidemiology since its origins during the 1990s from biological programming, birth cohort research and the study of health inequalities. Methods of studying the life course are examined, including birth cohort studies, linked register datasets and epidemiological archaeology. Three models of life course epidemiology are described: critical periods, accumulation, and pathways. Their conceptual and empirical differentiation can be difficult, but it is argued that accumulation is the underlying social process driving life course trajectories, while the critical period and pathway models are distinguished by their concern with specific types of aetiological process. Among the advantages of the accumulation model are predictive power, aetiological insights, contributions to health inequality debates and social policy implications. It is emphasised that the life course approach is not opposed to, or an alternative to, a concern with cross-sectional and current effects; major social disruption can have a large and immediate impact on health. Other limitations of the life course approach include a spectrum of impact (life course effects can be strong in relation to physiology, but often are weaker in relation to behaviour and psychological reactions to everyday life) and, more speculatively, the possibility that life course effects are diluted in the older age groups where morbidity and mortality are highest. Three issues for the future of life course epidemiology are identified. Many life course data are collected retrospectively. We need to know which items of information are recalled with what degree of accuracy over how many decades; and what methods of collecting these retrospective data maximise accuracy and duration. Second, the two partners in life course research need to take more seriously each other's disciplines. Social scientists need to be more critical of such measures as self-assessed health, which lacks an aetiology and hence biological plausibility. Natural scientists need to be more critical of such concepts as socio-economic status, which lacks social plausibility because it fails to distinguish between social location and social prestige. Finally, European comparative studies can play an important part in the future development of life course epidemiology if they build on the emerging infrastructure of European comparative research. Key words: life course epidemiology, life course trajectories, life course data, social inequalities, accumulation model, socio-economic status. Parole chiave: epidemiologia del corso di vita, traiettorie di vita, dati del corso di vita, disuguaglianze sociali, modello di accumulazione, status socio-economico

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