Sex Attractant of a Clearwing Moth Synanthedon Nashivora (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideshi Naka ◽  
Takahiro KUKIZAKI ◽  
Susumu TOKUMARU ◽  
Satoshi OHNO ◽  
Yuki MATSUI
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Clearwing Moth

Abstract A sex attractant of Synanthedon nashivora Naka and Yano, a pest of Asian pear discovered in Kyoto, Japan in 2014 and described as a novel species in 2019 was revealed. Pheromone lures baited mixtures with one or two of the seven compounds used as sex pheromones by Sesiidae species were prepared, and screening tests were conducted using these lures in pear orchards in Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, from 2017 to 2018. Males were attracted to various mixture ratios, especially 7:3 mixture ratio, of (3Z,13Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (Z3,Z13-18:OAc) and (2E,13Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E2,Z13-18:OAc) mixtures. This finding will enable monitoring of this species in Asian pear orchards. By attempting to search for males in the field using this pheromone lure, it will be possible to understand the distribution of this species in Japan and neighboring countries, its microhabitat, and the seasonal occurrence of this species.

New Sex Attractants for Five Chamaesphecia Species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from the Ukraine and Turkmenistan

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Mozūraitis ◽  
Vincas Būda ◽  
Jan Metleuski
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
The West ◽  
Sex Attractants ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Clearwing Moth ◽  
Moth Species

Abstract Field screening tests of (3Z,13Z)- and (3E,13Z)-octadecadienols, (2Z,13Z)-and (2E,13Z)-octadecadienols and their acetates as well as some binary mixtures of these compounds in dosages of 0.5 mg/dispenser were carried out in the Crimea, the Ukraine, and in the West Kopetdag mountains, Turkmenistan, in 1989-1993. New sex attractants for five clearwing moth species of the genus Chamaesphecia (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) were discovered. Males of Ch. chalciformis were attracted by a 1:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 2E,13Z-18:OAc, Ch. schmidtiformis by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3Z,13Z-18:OH in the Ukraine as well as in the ratios 9:1 and 1:1 in Turkmenistan, Ch. mezentzevi by a 9:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and the corresponding alcohol, Ch. zimmermanni by a 1:9 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OAc and 3.E,13Z-18:OH, and Ch. specia nova in Turkmenistan by a 1:1 mixture of 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E,13Z-18:OAc. Two inhibitors, 3Z,13Z-18:OH and 3E,13Z-18:OAc, of the sex attractant were found for Ch. zimmermanni. The periods of attraction to the traps were registered for males of Ch. zimmermanni and Ch. specia nova and were found to occur at 1900-2100 and 1430-1700 local time, respectively. Males of Ch. chalciformis and Ch. schmidtiform is were attracted to the traps in the afternoon.

A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THE SPRUCE SEED MOTH, CYDIA STROBILELLA (L.), AND THE EFFECT OF LURE DOSAGE AND TRAP HEIGHT ON CAPTURE OF MALE MOTHS

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Grant ◽  
W.H. Fogal ◽  
R.J. West ◽  
K.N. Slessor ◽  
G.E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Trap Height

AbstractElectroantennogram (EAG) responses from male Cydia strobilella (L.) indicated that (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac) was the most stimulating of the dodecenyl and tetradecenyl compounds assayed. Field-screening tests, which included compounds previously reported as attractive, demonstrated that only E8-12:Ac was effective. The optimum trap dosage was 0.3–3 μg on red rubber septa. Catches of males were greater when traps were hung in the upper crown of either white spruce or black spruce.

The Seasonal Occurrence of the Grape Root Borer, (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in the Eastern United States2

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell J. Snow ◽  
D. T. Johnson ◽  
J. R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Melittia Cucurbitae

The Grape Root Borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) was trapped during 1985, 1986, and 1987 in seven, nine, and 13 eastern states, respectively, with pure (E,Z)-2,13 octadecadienyl acetate or a 99:1 blend of (E,Z)-2,13 octadecadienyl acetate and (Z,Z)-3,13 Octadecadienyl acetate. The length of adult activity periods ranged from six months in Florida to two or three months in Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, and Ohio. Bimodal peaks of activity occurred most commonly in the South, and single peaks were most common in the North. Activity usually began in all states (except Central Florida) in June or early July, with principal activity occurring in August in the extreme South, in late July in the central states, and about the first of July in the northern states. In Central Florida, flight began in late July with principal activity in September. Twelve other species of sesiid moths were also collected with the sex attractant, including large numbers of Melittia cucurbitae (Harris), Paranthrene simulans (Grote), and Paranthrene asilipennis (Boisduval).

SEX ATTRACTANT BLENDS FOR STRAWBERRY CUTWORM, AMPHIPOEA INTEROCEANICA (SMITH), AND A CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES, AMPHIPOEA AMERICANA (SPEYER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
D.L. Struble ◽  
G.L. Ayre ◽  
J.R. Byers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The strawberry cutworm, Amphipoea interoceanica (Smith), has recently become an important pest of strawberry plants in Manitoba (Ayre 1980) and Quebec (Mailloux and Bostanian 1985). Larvae damage or kill the plants and commercial plantings are sometimes heavily damaged. Strawberry cutworm is widely distributed in North America and is broadly sympatric with a morphologically similar species, Amphipoea americana (Speyer) (Forbes 1954), which is occasionally a pest of corn (Gibson 1920). Sex pheromones of these species have not been reported, although Roelofs and Comeau (1971) found that males of strawberry cutworm were attracted to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (abbrev. Z9- 14:Ac). A sex attractant for strawberry cutworm would provide a convenient method for monitoring population levels in the vicinity of strawberry fields.

Electroantennogram Responses to Female Sex Pheromones in Five Genera of Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera)

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 676-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Priesner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
European Species ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Pheromone ◽  
Pheromone Glands

Sex pheromones of European species of Lymantria, Euproctis, Stilpnotia, Orgyia, and Dasychira (Lymantriidae) have been cross-checked by recording male electroantennogram (EAG) responses to excised female pheromone glands. Within the same genus, there was invariably full reciprocity of the gland effects. Between different genera, however, in all species combinations investigated the males strongly preferred their own species. From this pattern it is concluded that the major pheromone constituents are different for the five genera. In accordance with these results, several species of Lymantria are either known or supposed to produce the same sexual attractant, cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane (disparlure), whereas for one species of Orgyia the sex pheromone was recently identified (Smith et al., Science 188, 63 [1975]) as cis-6-heneicosen-11-one. None of the additional lymantriid pheromones have yet been chemically defined. In EAG screening tests, some species of this family were specifically responsive to hydrocarbons related to cis-7,2-methylocta-decene, the olefinic precursor of disparlure.

Ingibitors of Sexual Attraction in the Moth Agrotis exclamationis

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Priesner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Pheromone Blend

Abstract The sex-attractant system of the dart moth Agrotis exclamationis (L.) (Noctuidae) was re-investigated with electrophysiological and field trapping tests. The identified pheromone components (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate elicited maximum trap captures when combined in a Z5-/Z9-mixture ratio of between 100/10 and 100/20, in contrast to an earlier reported mixture optimum of 100/5. Each compound activated a particular type of receptor cell located in the male antennal hair sensilla. Three further cell types discovered in these sensilla responded specifically to the non-pheromonal compounds (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-and (Z)-11-tetra-decenyl acetate. These latter compounds did not show attractive or synergistic properties in field trapping tests but rather reduced captures when added to the binary pheromone blend as a third component. The biological functions of these three “attraction-inhibitors” remain unidentified.

Sex attractants and seasonal flight patterns for three Eucosma (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) species sympatric in eastern pine seed orchards and plantations

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Grant ◽  
P. de Groot ◽  
D. Langevin ◽  
S.A. Katovich ◽  
K.N. Slessor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms

AbstractSex attractant blends were developed for monitoring three conifer-feeding species of Eucosma Hübner found in pine seed orchards and plantations in Wisconsin and Ontario. Eucosma monitorana Heinrich, which attacks developing cones of red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton (Pinaceae), preferred lures containing 100:5:15 (μg blend) of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac), (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol (Z9-12:OH), respectively, over lures without the alcohol or with higher levels of E9-12:Ac. This blend was unattractive to sympatric Eucosma gloriola Heinrich, a species that feeds inside shoots of red pine and eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. Eucosma gloriola was attracted to a 100:30 blend of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no significant effect. Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, which attacks cones of eastern white pine, was attracted equally to 10:3 and 10:5 μg blends of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no effect. A ratio as low as 1:0.3 was attractive to E. tocullionana but not to sympatric E. gloriola, which preferred a 100-fold higher dosage of the same blend. The seasonal flight periods of the three species overlapped in all study areas. The flight of E. gloriola usually peaked in late May slightly before that of E. monitorana while the flight of E. tocullionana peaked about 1–3 weeks later. The results indicate that sex pheromones, seasonal flight periods, and host preferences are isolating mechanisms for these closely related sympatric species.

A Sex Attractant for the Green Budworm Moth, Hedya nubiferana

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1248-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Frerot ◽  
Ernst Priesner ◽  
Martine Gallois
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Male Antenna ◽  
Female Pheromone ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Pheromone Blend

Abstract The two major components of the female pheromone blend of Hedya nubiferana have been identified as (E, E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate and (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate. Each compound acts on a specialist receptor type in olfactory hair sensilla of the male antenna. In field screening tests, combinations of the two compounds and dodecanyl acetate were highly attractive to H. nubiferana males. The (Z, E)-8,10 isomer attracted males of Hedya ochroleucana.

Ovarian steroid glucuronides function as sex pheromones for male zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2381-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Hurk ◽  
J. G. D. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Female Zebrafish

Female zebrafish become attractive to male conspecifics by means of a specific sex attractant secreted by the ovaries. This sex attractant consists of steroid glucuronides; most likely a mixture containing oestradiol-17β- and testosterone glucuronide. Anosmic males are not attracted by the female pheromones and fail to court females with ovulated eggs in the abdomen. Male zebrafish thus detect the ovarian sex attractant, which motivates them to start a series of courtship actions, by olfaction.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

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