scholarly journals Ecological contacts and host specificity promote replacement of nutritional endosymbionts in ticks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Buysse ◽  
Florian Binetruy ◽  
Raz Leibson ◽  
Yuval Gottlieb ◽  
Olivier Duron
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Strain Typing ◽  
Infected Tick ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Horizontal Transfers

Abstract Symbiosis with vitamin-provisioning microbes is essential for the nutrition of animals with specialized feeding habits. While coevolution stabilizes the interactions between symbiotic partners, their associations are not necessarily permanent: Recently acquired symbionts can replace ancestral symbionts. In this study, we demonstrate successful replacement dynamics of Francisella-Like Endosymbionts (-LE), a group of invasive B-vitamin-provisioning endosymbionts, across tick communities driven by a complex web of horizontal transfers. Using a broad collection of Francisella-LE-infected tick species, we determined the diversity of Francisella-LE haplotypes through a multi-locus strain typing approach, and further characterized their phylogenetic relationships and their association with biological traits of their tick hosts. The patterns observed showed that Francisella-LE commonly transfer through similar ecological networks and geographic distributions shared among different tick species, and, in certain cases, through preferential shuffling across congeneric tick species. Altogether, these findings reveal the importance of both routes in shaping the invasive pattern in which new nutritional symbioses are initiated.

Host Specificity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Chicken and Turkey Parvoviruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Zsak ◽  
Ra Mi Cha ◽  
Fenglan Li ◽  
J. Michael Day
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships

scholarly journals Host specificity and phylogenetic relationships among Atlantic Ovulidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian T. Reijnen ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema ◽  
Edmund Gittenberger
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Cyphoma Gibbosum ◽  
Pacific Species

Ovulid gastropods and their octocoral hosts were collected along the leeward coast of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. New molecular data of Caribbean and a single Atlantic species were combined with comparable data of Indo-Pacific Ovulidae and a single East-Pacific species from GenBank. Based on two DNA markers, viz. CO-I and 16S, the phylogenetic relationships among all ovulid species of which these data are available are reconstructed. The provisional results suggest a dichotomy between the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific taxa. Fully grown Simnialena uniplicata closely resembles juvenile Cyphoma gibbosum conchologically. Cymbovula acicularis and C. bahamaensis might be synonyms. The assignments of Caribbean host species for Cyphoma gibbosum, C. signatum, Cymbovula acicularis and Simnialena uniplicata are revised.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Rickettsia Species in Canadian Populations of Dermacentor andersoni and D. variabilis

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1786-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun J. Dergousoff ◽  
Andrew J. A. Gajadhar ◽  
Neil B. Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii

ABSTRACT We determined the prevalence of rickettsiae in Dermacentor adults at 15 localities in Canada. Rickettsia rickettsii was not detected in any tick, whereas Rickettsia peacockii was present in 76% of Dermacentor andersoni adults and Rickettsia montanensis in 8% of Dermacentor variabilis adults. This host specificity was maintained in localities where both tick species occurred in sympatry.

A meta-analysis of host specificity in Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nava ◽  
A.A. Guglielmone
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHost specificity of Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) was analyzed by using the number of hosts species for each tick species and the index of host specificity STD*, which integrates phylogenetic and ecological information. The analyses were based on 4172 records of hard ticks collected from wild and domestic tetrapods. Most tick species included in this study were associated with three to 20 host species. No tick species has been associated either with a single species or with a single genus of host. It was found that the number of host species is sensitive to sampling effort, but not the STD*. The most frequent values of STD* were between 2.5 and 3.5, which shows that the host species more frequently used by Neotropical hard tick species belong to different families or different orders. Immature stages tend to use a broader taxonomic range of hosts than adults, and the interpretation of both measures of host specificity used in this study led to the conclusion that the impact of non-endemic hosts does not alter the patterns of host specificity in Neotropical hard ticks. The index STD* showed that a high proportion of tick species has phylogenetically unrelated species as principal hosts. The conclusion reached in this work indicates that strict host specificity is not common among Neotropical hard ticks and suggests that the influence of tick ecology and evolution of habitat specificity, tick generation time, phenology, time spent off the host and the type of life-cycle could be more important than hosts species.

ADAPTATIONS OF GALL WASPS OF THE GENUS DIPLOLEPIS (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) AND THE ROLE OF GALL ANATOMY IN CYNIPID SYSTEMATICS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 139-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Structural Differences

AbstractAdaptations and attributes of gall-inducing cynipid wasps are reviewed to emphasize that differences in life cycles and anatomical features of their galls are just as useful for systematic purposes as are structural differences in the adult insects themselves. The extent to which cynipid wasps have specialized is illustrated by the genus Diplolepis, all species of which are restricted to native and introduced roses and induce structurally distinct galls. Various aspects of Diplolepis biology including life cycles, host specificity, and gall development and anatomy are reviewed. The biologies of two species of Diplolepis that commonly co-exist in the same habitat in central Ontario are then examined in detail. Diplolepis polita (Ashmead) induces a single-chambered gall on the leaves of Rosa acicularis Lindl. whereas Diplolepis spinosa (Ashmead) induces a multi-chambered gall on the stems of Rosa blanda Ait. Differences in life cycles, distribution, host and organ specificity, oviposition, gall initiation and development, along with differences in the communities of parasitoids and inquilines attracted to the galls, confirm the existence of distinct species and allow some speculation on their ecological and phylogenetic relationships.

Multi-locus phylogenetics of the Midichloria endosymbionts reveals variable specificity of association with ticks

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1969-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buysse ◽  
O. Duron
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Evolutionary Strategies ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Horizontal Transfers

AbstractCandidatus Midichloria mitochondrii is a maternally inherited bacterium of ticks with a unique intra-mitochondrial lifestyle. Here, we investigate on the evolutionary history of these associations and the degree of Midichloria–tick specificity. While previous surveys used the 16S rRNA gene as an exclusive molecular marker, we rather developed a multi-locus typing method based on four more variable housekeeping genes (groEL, rpoB, dnaK and ftsZ) and on one flagellum gene (fliC) present in Midichloria genomes. Using this method, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses revealed the structuring of a wide Midichloria genetic diversity into three distinct lineages associated with ticks. Overall, two distinct evolutionary strategies are obvious depending on lineage: two Midichloria lineages are generalists with infections acquired through horizontal transfers between distantly related tick species but one other Midichloria lineage rather show a high specificity degree to the Ixodes tick genus. This pattern suggests a capacity of certain Midichloria strains to maintain infections in only limited range of related tick species. These different infection strategies of Midichloria highlight an unexpected variability in their dependency to their tick hosts. We further conjecture that this pattern is also likely to indicate variability in their effects on ticks.

Phylogeny of the Oxycoryninae sensu lato (Coleoptera:Belidae) and evolution of host-plant associations

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Marvaldi ◽  
R. G. Oberprieler ◽  
C. H. C. Lyal ◽  
T. Bradbury ◽  
R. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
New Information

Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subfamily Oxycoryninae and other belids (Curculionoidea) were reconstructed by cladistic analysis using 21 terminals and 98 characters: 62 from imaginal morphology, 33 from larval morphology and three biological characters relating to host plants and larval feeding habits. Terminal taxa represent all extant genera of Oxycoryninae, two genera of each of the three tribes of Belinae plus two outgroup taxa used to root the tree. New information on the larvae and biology of the metrioxenines is used in phylogenetic reconstruction. In accord with the single optimal cladogram obtained, a revised classification of the Oxycoryninae is proposed. The subfamily is classified into three tribes (Oxycorynini, Metrioxenini and Aglycyderini), with the tribe Oxycorynini further classified into three subtribes (Oxycraspedina Marvaldi & Oberprieler, subtr. nov., Oxycorynina and Allocorynina) and the tribe Metrioxenini into two subtribes (Metrioxenina and Afrocorynina ( = Hispodini, syn. nov.)). Larval and adult unambiguous synapomorphies defining each clade are identified. Tracing the evolution of biological traits from the phylogenetic estimate indicates that drastic shifts to phylogenetically distant host plants occurred from the ancestral belid association with conifers. Structural, chemical and/or ecological similarities of the plant organs consumed apparently had a major influence in the colonisation of different plant taxa by this group of weevils.

scholarly journals Current Methods in the Molecular Typing ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand Other Mycobacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jagielski ◽  
Jakko van Ingen ◽  
Nalin Rastogi ◽  
Jarosław Dziadek ◽  
Paweł K. Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Strain Typing ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Transmission Studies

In the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases, as in all infectious diseases, the key issue is to define the source of infection and to disclose its routes of transmission and dissemination in the environment. For this to be accomplished, the ability of discerning and tracking individualMycobacteriumstrains is of critical importance. Molecular typing methods have greatly improved our understanding of the biology of mycobacteria and provide powerful tools to combat the diseases caused by these pathogens. The utility of various typing methods depends on theMycobacteriumspecies under investigation as well as on the research question. For tuberculosis, different methods have different roles in phylogenetic analyses and person-to-person transmission studies. In NTM diseases, most investigations involve the search for environmental sources or phylogenetic relationships. Here, too, the type of setting determines which methodology is most suitable. Within this review, we summarize currently available molecular methods for strain typing ofM. tuberculosisand some NTM species, most commonly associated with human disease. For the various methods, technical practicalities as well as discriminatory power and accomplishments are reviewed.

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